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Highly fluorescent polyethyleneimine protected Au8 nanoclusters: one-pot synthesis and application in hemoglobin detection
摘要： Gold nanoclusters (Au NCs) with atomic precision have huge application potentials in chemo/bio sensing, catalysis, and energy conversion. However, a precise atomic control of Au NCs still remains a great challenge. Herein, we developed a facile one-pot and top-down strategy to synthesize eight-atom numbered Au NCs (Au8 NCs), aiming to understand their fundamental physical/chemical properties and explore their potential applications. The etching of gold nanoparticles by their encapsulated hyperbranched polyethyleneimine was significantly promoted by a newly proposed catalyst, hydrogen peroxide, which gave rise to brightly blue-emitting Au8 NCs (quantum yield = 28.8%). The as-prepared Au8 NCs could sense hemoglobin with a detection limit of 5.0 nM through the combination of Fenton reaction and fluorescence resonance energy transfer. And the sensing behaviour is unaffected by the presence of various interfrerents such as proteins, small molecules, anions, and metoal ions. In addition, a hemoglobin evaluation in blood samples with small relative standard deviations and satisfied recoveries was achieved using the proposed Au8 NCs nanoprobes.
关键词： Gold nanoclusters,Sensing,One-pot synthesis,Hemoglobin,Fluorescence
更新于2025-11-14 15:29:11
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Near infrared light-responsive heat-emitting hemoglobin hydrogels for photothermal cancer therapy
摘要： Photothermal therapy (PTT) is an effective means of treating tumors because tumor cells are sensitive to heat. Gold and carbon nanoparticles are used as efficient PTT materials. However, development of a non-toxic biodegradable PTT agent remains a challenge. Here, we developed a hemoglobin (Hb) hydrogel that exhibited excellent PTT effects in vitro and in vivo. Unlike conventional PTT agents, which are toxic and do not decompose completely in the body, the Hb hydrogel was manufactured using only two components: (i) Hb, a natural substance derived from the human body, and (ii) PEG, an FDA-approved polymer. The gelation time of the Hb hydrogels could be controlled by changing the Hb concentration. Because Hb is present at a high concentration (150 mg/ml) in the body, the Hb hydrogel decomposed and was eliminated in vivo without toxicity. The Hb hydrogel showed an excellent PTT effect in response to 808 nm near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation and had excellent anticancer effects against A549 lung cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. Blood hematology and blood biochemical assay results from an animal model treated with Hb hydrogel were similar to those of the control group. Importantly, toxicity was not observed based on H&E staining of major organs (heart, liver, spleen, kidneys and lung). Tumors of A549 cell-xenografted mice treated with Hb hydrogel and 808 nm NIR laser irradiation were significantly smaller than those of the control group (23.1 mm3 versus 746.5 mm3, respectively). This is a first report of a biocompatible photothermal hydrogel based on hemoglobin, and our overall results suggest that Hb hydrogels are commercially-promising PTT systems that have excellent anti-cancer effects.
关键词： Biocompatibility,Quick gelation,Lung cancer,Hemoglobin,Hydrogel,Photothermal therapy
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Quantitative photoacoustic imaging study of tumours in vivo: Baseline variations in quantitative measurements
摘要： Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) provides information on haemoglobin levels and blood oxygenation (sO2). To facilitate assessment of the variability in sO2 and haemoglobin in tumours, for example in response to therapies, the baseline variability of these parameters was evaluated in subcutaneous head and neck tumours in mice, using a PAI system (MSOTinVision-256TF). Tumours of anaesthetized animals (midazolam-fentanyl-medetomidine) were imaged for 75 min, in varying positions, and repeatedly over 6 days. An increasing linear trend for average tumoural haemoglobin and blood sO2 was observed, when imaging over 75 min. There were no significant differences in these temporal trends, when repositioning tumours. A negative correlation was found between the percent decrease in blood sO2 over 6 days and tumour growth rate. This paper shows the potential of PAI to provide baseline data for assessing the significance of intra- and inter-tumoural variations that may eventually have value for predicting and/or monitoring cancer treatment response.
关键词： Head and neck subcutaneous tumours,Hemoglobin,Pimonidazole,Blood sO2,Hypoxia,Photoacoustic imaging
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Segmentation of the Optic Nerve Head Based on Deep Learning to Determine its Hemoglobin Content in Normal and Glaucomatous Subjects
摘要： Objective: To determine the limits of the optic nerve head (ONH) in color fundus images using Deep learning (DL) for the estimation of its hemoglobin topographic distribution. Also, to evaluate the usefulness of that distribution in glaucoma diagnosis singly or in association with perimetry. Methods: A DL method was trained using 40000 fundus images and applied to 89 normal eyes and 77 confirmed or suspect glaucomas. DL and manual segmentation were compared. The eyes were also examined once with TOP perimetry (Octopus 300) and Spectralis-OCT and twice with Cirrus-OCT and Laguna ONhE, a program which estimates hemoglobin from color photographs, using improved criteria from previous studies. Results: The Sorensen-Dice similarity index between manual and automatic segmentations was 0.993. Intra-class correlation coefficients were similar when comparing the results of the Laguna ONhE indices using the manual and automatic segmentations (confidence intervals: 0.933-0.978). For specificity close to 95%, the GDF index, a factor that measures the distribution of hemoglobin at the nerve, obtained sensitivities between 70.1 and 74.0% (manual vs. automatic segmentations). The retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) of both OCTs provided sensitivities between 67.1 and 68.8% and the BMO-RMW of Spectralis-OCT 69.7%. Associating several normalized indices, e.g. a new visual field harmony index (Threshold Coefficient of Variation, TCV) and GDF, provided 85.7% sensitivity for 97.8% specificity. GDF correlation with Spectralis-OCT BMO-RMW index was similar to that obtained between this index and the RNFLT of the same instrument. For 95% specificity, the diagnostic concordance (kappa value) between both Spectralis-OCT indices was 0.694 and between its BMO-RMW and Laguna ONhE GDF 0.804-0.828. Conclusion: A fully automatic delimitation of the optic nerve head allows the correct, reproducible and efficient use of the Laguna ONhE method, and its effectiveness is greatly increased if associated with a perimetric harmony index.
关键词： Glaucoma,Visual field,Hemoglobin,Perfusion,Morphology,Perimetry,Optic nerve head
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Multichannel Fiber-Optic Ring Converters for Optical Sensors of Physical Quantities
摘要： We consider possible application areas for precise multichannel fiber-optic ring converters, such as optoelectronic sensors of pressure, linear displacement, vibrations and radial beats, handy medical instruments for noninvasive determination of hemoglobin and bilirubin concentration in human blood as well as determination of hyperemia and microcirculation in human soft tissues. In addition, the miniature fiber-optic ring collectors may be used when developing high-accuracy procedures and devices for measurement of light absorption and scattering coefficients of nanodispersive media and biological tissues.
关键词： bilirubin,hemoglobin,nanodispersive media,biological tissues,fiber-optic ring converter,optoelectronic sensors
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Analysis and simulation of a plasmonic biosensor for hemoglobin concentration detection using noble metal nano-particles resonances
摘要： In this paper, three different shapes (sphere, cubic, and cylinder) silver plasmonic nano-particles for the detection of hemoglobin concentration in blood is analyzed. This work is done to determine the hemoglobin concentration in blood using a sensing feature by changing hemoglobin concentration from 0 to 140g/l. The impact of hemoglobin concentration on refractive index changes in the surrounding medium of nano-particles is considered. Simulated results show that, scattering cross-section has a sharp peak for cubic nano-particles with the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 50nm. FWHM is 64nm and 94nm for sphere and cylinder nanoparticles, respectively. Exactly, after applying the hemoglobin refractive index in each concentration to the surrounding medium, an increase in resonance wavelength in extinction cross-section is obtained. The wavelength shifts of 3.3nm, 3.7nm, and 5.5nm are obtained for hemoglobin concentration of 140g/l using sphere, cubic, and cylinder shapes nano-particles, respectively. Further, changing the simulated structure parameters can manage the plasmonic resonance wavelength and it is applicable to detect other biological samples.
关键词： hemoglobin detection,Plasmonic biosensor,Surface plasmon resonance,extinction cross-section,noble metal
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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PEGylation of protein-imprinted nanocomposites sandwiching CdTe quantum dots with enhanced fluorescence sensing selectivity
摘要： Fluorescent sensors combining the selective recognition of protein molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) and the fluorescent sensing of quantum dots (QDs) have been studied considerably, but their fluorescence sensing selectivity for the target proteins remains to be increased. Herein, we propose a strategy for increasing the sensing selectivity by post-imprinting PEGylation of surface protein-imprinted nanocomposites with embedded QDs. With bovine hemoglobin (BHb) as a model protein template, protein MIP nanolayers were anchored over the CdTe QD decorated SiO2 nanoparticles by the sol–gel process using aminopropyltriethoxy silane and tetraethoxysilicane. PEG chains were then grafted onto the surface of the imprinted nanostructures via the nucleophilic reaction of the surface amine groups with N-hydroxysuccinimide ester-terminal methoxy-PEG, followed by template removal. The resultant PEGylated sensors showed significantly improved aqueous dispersion stability compared with the non-PEGylated controls. More importantly, such PEGylation greatly increased the fluorescence response selectivity, with the Stern–Volmer equation based imprinting factor increasing from 2.7 to 5.4. The PEGylated sensors were applied to determine BHb in bovine serum samples with satisfactory recoveries at three spiking levels ranging from 94.3 to 103.7%, indicating their potential application in real samples.
关键词： PEGylation,Fluorescent sensors,Protein molecularly imprinted polymers,Quantum dots,Stern–Volmer equation,Bovine serum samples,Sol–gel process,Bovine hemoglobin
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Detection of Hb Phnom Penh by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry during the measurement of glycated hemoglobin
摘要： Hemoglobin (Hb) variant is a well-known cause of erroneous results of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). During routine clinical HbA1c analysis with Variant II Turbo 2.0 (VII-T 2.0; Bio-Rad, USA), we encountered seven patients over a 3-year period who showed no HbA2 peak in chromatograms, but a roughly normal Hb pattern. In addition, a marked discordance was observed between the results of HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose. In this study, we performed further investigation on the seven samples. Subsequent Hb analysis by a capillary electrophoresis (CE) method (CAPILLARYS 2, Hb program; Sebia, France) and a cation exchange high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method (Variant II, β-thalassemia short program) showed no signs of abnormal peaks in samples 1–7. Further HbA1c analysis was conducted by a boronate affinity HPLC system (Premier Ultra2; Trinity Biotech, Ireland) CAPILLARYS 2, and a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) system (QuanTOF; Intelligene Biosystems, China) respectively. All operations were conducted according to the manufacturers’ instructions. For QuanTOF, HbA1c was measured following the protocol described in our previous study.
关键词： MALDI-TOF MS,HbA1c,hemoglobin variants
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Laser Raman tweezer spectroscopy to explore the bisphenol A-induced changes in human erythrocytes
摘要： The dermal penetration of bisphenol-A (BPA) from thermal papers into the human skin is a matter of major health concern due to its extensive use in developing countries like India, one of its largest users in the world. Bisphenol A is widely used in the manufacture of many consumer goods like polycarbonate water bottles, baby bottles, food containers, home appliances, thermal papers used in billing and tickets, the inner lining of food cans, etc. BPA can be easily adsorbed into the blood rapidly. The integration of optical tweezers with Raman spectroscopic techniques has realized avenues for interpreting single cell investigations. In the present work, the impact of BPA from thermal papers on individual human erythrocytes (red blood cells) has been investigated using micro-Raman spectroscopy. Significant intensity variations were noticed for hemoglobin oxygenation markers in the Raman spectra of red blood cells (RBCs). Raman spectral variations supporting RBC hemoglobin depletion were also found in the presence of BPA. Evident morphological changes are also observed in RBCs due to BPA in vitro exposures, which ultimately lead to cell bursting at higher concentrations.
关键词： bisphenol A,Raman spectroscopy,optical tweezers,hemoglobin oxygenation,human erythrocytes
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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A disposable microfluidic-integrated hand-held plasmonic platform for protein detection
摘要： Healthcare is in the midst of a transformative shift from centralized care to point-of-care (POC). In this regard, recent efforts have focused on integration of biosensing technologies with clinical management and existing healthcare systems to improve the effectiveness and quality of care. Plasmonic technologies in particular, have been used for multiple applications in biosensing, pharmaceutical industry, food quality monitoring, and healthcare. However, bulky-sized platforms, expensive instrumentation, incomprehensive benchmarking, laborious protocols, and time-consuming processing steps remain challenges to adopt biosensing platforms to the POC settings. Here, we present a hand-held biosensing platform that integrates a plasmonic detection modality with a microfluidic chip. As a biological target model, we assess hemoglobin—an iron carrying protein in red blood cells. We comprehensively perform theoretical simulations and kinetic calculations to benchmark the platform performance. Overall, this miniaturized platform provides label-free detection, simple configuration for user-interface, facile sampling, assay-time down to 15–30 min, and inexpensive disposable chips. Therefore, this platform will potentially accelerate the deployment of portable biosensing systems for the POC and primary care settings.
关键词： Microfluidics,Point-of-care,Plasmonic sensors,Hemoglobin,Portable biosensors
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04