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Real-time motorized electrical hospital bed control with eye-gaze tracking
摘要： Patients with motor neuron disease and most terminal patients cannot use their hands or arms, and so they need another person for their all needs. However, the mental functions and memories of such patients are generally sound, and they can control their eyes. Using an eye-gaze tracking technique, we have realized a real-time system for such patients. The system controls a motorized electrical hospital bed (EHB) by eye gaze with 4 degrees of freedom, using a low-cost webcam. Contactless systems that require calibration cannot be used for EHB control. The system developed in this work does not require any calibration process and it is contactless. These properties are the most innovative part of the proposed approach. To begin, the system detects the eye region and computes the iris centers. It then tracks the centers and moves a mouse pointer on a screen with the eye gaze. The speci(cid:12)c movements of the mouse pointer are evaluated as position changing requests and the completed movements of the mouse pointer change the EHB position electrically. The communication between the computer and the EHB is provided by a relay control card driven by Arduino Mega. The system works under day/arti(cid:12)cial lighting conditions successfully with or without eyeglasses. The system was tested with 30 volunteers on the EHB safely and was completed with 90% success (the exceptions being people with slanted eyes).
关键词： electrical hospital bed,Calibration-free eye tracking,real-time eye-gaze tracking,eye-based mouse control
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Energy efficient of Using Chilled Water System for Sustainable Health Care Facility Operating by Solar Photovoltaic Technology
摘要： Hospitals and other healthcare facilities are complex environments that require a special consideration to HVAC design as in requirement a large amounts of ventilation, which leads to high amount of energy consumption. This manuscript presents a description of chilled water/ HVAC systems for health care facilities. A case study of a Farah hospital located in Amman/ Jordan was implemented to perform cooling load using radiant time series (RTS). This paper manipulates the effect of changing relative humidity with dry bulb temperature on the cooling load, power consumption and chiller selection using three types of building namely: commercial building, hospital building and green hospital building to choose the best indoor design conditions with minimum power consumption. To reduce the energy cost for chiller, a solar photovoltaic was proposed to overcome the portion of the air conditioning power requirement and reduce the demand on the electrical grid. A proposed solar photovoltaic technology unit was analyzed and modeled using a hybrid optimization model for renewable energies (HOMER) software. The results revealed that: (i) the applying green building criterion will lead to significant reduction in cooling load and power consumption up to 25%; (ii) A higher relative humidity and in design inside temperature, a lower cooling load and power consumption required, (iv) PV systems sizing depend on load data, solar radiation, battery data, inverter data and investment cost of the system, and finally (v) there is a potential to adopt solar PV as strategic and alternative option to reduce the cooling cost.
关键词： PV,Air conditioning,Green hospital building,Hospital,Cooling
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Photomedicine - Advances in Clinical Practice || Nurses and Pharmacists in Interdisciplinary Team of Health Care Providers in Photodynamic Therapy
摘要： Background: The modern treatment is based on wide cooperation between diverse representatives of medical professions. The photodynamic therapy is a noninvasive method of treatment both neoplastic diseases and miscellaneous noncancerous illnesses. It is complementary and competitive in some way to various traditional treatment techniques, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery. This review emphasizes the significance of collaboration between specialists engaged in research, development, and practical use of photodynamic therapy. Methods: A literature search of electronic bibliographic databases and scientific publishers was performed. The relevant literature was analyzed to identify articles on the involvement of nurses, pharmacists, physicians, and other representatives in photodynamic therapy treatment. Results: In the photodynamic therapy, the overall success is not only dependent of a single unit. Coordinated actions of representatives possessing expertise in various fields of medical, and natural sciences are necessary both during joint research, development, and during the course of the photodynamic therapy treatment in clinics. Conclusions: The effective interaction between professionals and the division of responsibilities at different stages of therapy can guarantee the successful treatment. During therapy, the most important role belongs to the patient who is responsible for acting in accordance with schedule elaborated by physicians, nurses, and pharmacists.
关键词： hospital pharmacy,nursing,treatment,photodynamic therapy,photosensitizer
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Environmental disinfection with photocatalyst as an adjunctive measure to control transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: a prospective cohort study in a high-incidence setting
摘要： Background: Environmental disinfection with continuously antimicrobial surfaces could offer superior control of surface bioburden. We sought to decide the efficacy of photocatalyst antimicrobial coating in reducing methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) acquisition in high incidence setting. Methods: We performed prospective cohort study involving patients hospitalized in medical intensive care unit. A titanium dioxide-based photocatalyst was coated on high touch surfaces and walls. Five months of pre-intervention data were compared with five months of post-intervention data. The incidence rates of multidrug-resistant organism acquisition and the rates of hospital-acquired blood stream infection, pneumonia, urinary tract infection, and Clostridium difficile–associated diseases were compared using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. Results: In total, 621 patients were included. There was significant decrease in MRSA acquisition rate after photocatalyst coating (hazard ratio, 0.37; 95% confidence interval, 0.14–0.99; p = 0.04). However, clinical identification of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp. and multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii did not decrease significantly. The hazard of contracting hospital-acquired pneumonia during the intervention period compared to baseline period was 0.46 (95% confidence interval, 0.23–0.94; p = 0.03). Conclusions: In conclusion, MRSA rate was significantly reduced after photocatalyst coating. We provide evidence that photocatalyst disinfection can be an adjunctive measure to control MRSA acquisition in high-incidence settings. Trial registration: ISRCTN Registry (ISRCTN31972004). Registered retrospectively on November 19, 2018.
关键词： Environmental disinfection,Hospital-acquired infection,MRSA,Photocatalyst
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Current OCT Approaches Do Not Reliably Identify TCFAs
摘要： It is now clearly established that Thin-Capped Fibroatheromas (TCFAs) lead to most Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACSs). The ability to selectively intervene on TCFAs predisposed to rupture and ACSs would dramatically alter the practice of cardiology. While the ability of OCT to identify thin walled plaques at micron scale resolutions has represented a major advance, it is a misconception that it can reliably identify TCFAs. One major reason is that the ‘diffuse border’ criteria currently used to determine ‘lipid plaque’ is almost undoubtedly from high scattering in the intima and not because of core composition (necrotic core). A second reason is that, rather than looking at lipid collections, studies need to be focused on identifying necrotic cores with OCT. Necrotic cores are characteristic of TCFAs and not lipid collections. Numerous other OCT approaches are available which can potentially accurately assess TCFAs, but these have not been aggressively pursed which we believe likely stems in part from the misconceptions over the efficacy of ‘diffuse borders’.
关键词： Myocardial infarction,Optical coherence tomography: OCT,Macrophages,Plaque rupture,Acute coronary syndrome: ACS,Thin capped fibroatheroma: TCFA,Lipid,Massachusetts General Hospital Lightlab
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14