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- 摘要
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- 实验方案
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Assessment of the Carbon and Cost Savings of a Combined Diesel Generator, Solar Photovoltaic, and Flywheel Energy Storage Islanded Grid System
摘要： The use of diesel generators to provide power for islanded grids has been the technology of choice but they generate substantial carbon emissions unless the part or all the fuel comes from a renewable source. Notwithstanding this, the engine must be sized to meet maximum demand and will operate ine?ciently at part load most of the time, which is particularly bad for a synchronous constant speed engine. Given the availability of low cost solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, it is very enticing to ?t a diesel generator and allow the engine to be turned o? during PV generation. However, this combination will not work without some form of energy storage since it takes time for the engine to start, leading to gaps in supply and instability of the system. Lithium-ion batteries are typically considered to be the best solution to this problem because they have a high response rate, costs are lower, and they are available as products. However, they will su?er from the limited cycle and calendar life due to high cycling requirements in the application described. It is, therefore, proposed that a ?ywheel system could o?er a lower lifetime cost alternative since only short duration bridging power storage is needed and ?ywheels of appropriate design can o?er lower power cost than Lithium-ion battery systems. Flywheels are particularly attractive since they have a very high calendar with almost an in?nite cycle life and are fully recyclable at the end of life. This research, therefore, presents an assessment of the ?ywheel energy storage system (FESS) as an alternative to electrochemical batteries to supplement solar PV systems backed up by diesel generators. The model of an islanded PV system combined with a diesel generator and a FESS supplying power to a residential load is implemented in MATLAB/Simulink. The results of the analysis for the cases with and without storage based on a number of di?erent charge-discharge strategies provide evidence to support this hypothesis.
关键词： dynamic model,standalone hybrid system,solar photovoltaic system,backup diesel generator,flywheel energy storage
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Implementation of a tunable hybrid system with coupled high Q-factor resonators based on mode localization for sensing purposes
摘要： There has been a growing interest in the development of MEMS devices based on Anderson mode localization to increase the sensitivity to mass perturbation in the last decade [1–7]. Mode localization occurs within an array of weakly coupled identical resonators in which a mass or sti?ness perturbation is introduced. The main strengths of mode localization are its high sensitivity to the perturbation and the common mode rejection [8]. However, taking advantage of this phenomenon requires to have an array of perfectly identical resonators and a low coupling sti?ness, but high enough to avoid mode aliasing [9]. As a consequence, microfabrication defects are often an obstacle to the implementation of such sensitive sensors. In addition, the devices geometry and the chosen excited mode are limited by the implementation of the coupling (for instance the ?rst mode of double-ended tuning forks [4] or cantilevers [5]). Therefore, we hereby suggest an alternative with a system based on a ?rst mechanical resonator coupled to a second resonator having a di?erent physical nature that allows to tune it. Such a hybrid approach has already been investigated for MEMS characterization using electrical resonators [10] having a Q-factor of 1000 and we previously demonstrated the possibility to generate modes in a system made of an electrical resonator having a Q-factor of 20 and a digital device [11]. In this work and for the ?rst time to our knowledge, we set up a two-degree-of-freedom (DoF) coupled system made of piezoelectric resonators (QCM) with Q-factors exceeding 105. The coupling and one of the coupled resonators are replaced by their digital equivalent (based on dynamic equations) and implemented in a hardware performing real time calculations. This method enables to tune the design parameters of one resonator and the coupling coe?cient in order to reach the optimal conditions for mode localization, and to get rid of the geometric constraints imposed by the design of the coupling (thus allowing to work with a QCM for instance). Since such piezoelectric resonators are broadly used the ?eld of mass sensors for agro-food, environment, safety or health applications [12], these results pave the way to a new generation of ultrasensitive biosensors.
关键词： ?eld programmable gate array,Tunable hybrid system,weak coupling,quartz crystal microbalance,mode localization,digital resonator
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Organic light-emitting diodes with an electro-deposited copper(I) thiocyanate (CuSCN) hole-injection layer based on aqueous electrolyte
摘要： Copper(I) thiocyanate (CuSCN) has been drawing much attention in optoelectronics due to its exceptional optical and electrical properties, as well as its processing versatility. The first organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) integrated with electro-deposited CuSCN crystalline thin films based on aqueous electrolyte were fabricated. With precisely tuned deposition parameters, the CuSCN thin films with satisfactory surface roughness and sufficient grain density were realized. We found that the driving voltage (voltage at a current density of 100 mA/cm2) and turn-on voltage of OLEDs using CuSCN as the hole injection layer (HIL) can be reduced by 1.41 and 1.79 V, respectively, compared with devices using vacuum-deposited hole injecting transition metal oxide molybdenum trioxide (MoO3). Moreover, the fabricated OLEDs also demonstrated considerably mitigated efficiency roll-off. Optical and energetic analyses were conducted to investigate the characteristics and enhancement mechanisms. Efficient hole-injection, electron blocking, improved charge balance, enhanced optical properties and good compatibility of electro-deposited CuSCN with thermally evaporated organic systems were found to be the primary contributors for the performance improvements of the OLEDs.
关键词： Electro-deposition,CuSCN,Hole injection,Organic-inorganic hybrid system,Organic light-emitting diodes,Copper(I) thiocyanate
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Energy Control and Size Optimization of a Hybrid System (Photovoltaic-Hidrokinetic) Using Various Storage Technologies
摘要： This study analyzes the effects of different storage technologies on a hybrid renewable energy system composed of photovoltaic, hydrokinetic and diesel generator. Five types of storage are considered: lead acid, lithium ion, vanadium redox flow, hydrogen and hydrogen-vanadium redox flow. The analysis is mainly based on indicators such as Net Present Cost, Cost of Energy, unmet load and CO2 emissions. HOMER software has been used in this paper with time-sampling net present cost and cost of energy. The sensitivity analysis shows that the vanadium redox flow system presents a greater variation of the minimum state of charge (SOC) in relation to the net present cost. However, the system composed of hydrogen and fuel cell present the lowest variation. The two proposed strategies for energy control show the same performance. However, when using the Load Tracking Control, the variation of the minimum state of charge with respect to the net cost is greater than the variation obtained when applying the Load Cycle Control.
关键词： Renewable energy,Hybrid system,Storage,Hydrokinetic turbine
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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[IEEE 2018 IEEE PES Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference (APPEEC) - Kota Kinabalu (2018.10.7-2018.10.10)] 2018 IEEE PES Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference (APPEEC) - Optimal Operation of Photovoltaic-Pump Hydro Storage Hybrid System
摘要： The water resource is considerably abundant and is the penetration of photovoltaic (PV) power generation gradually increasing in some areas. Due to the fluctuation of PV-alone power generation, a hybrid system with energy storage is a promising solution to improve the reliability. In this paper, an optimal operation strategy based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) of the pumped hydro storage (PHS) in the PV-PHS hybrid system is proposed, which aims to achieve minimum all-day load loss in order to increase the reliability of the PV-PHS hybrid system. Two scenarios, a winter weekday and a summer weekday, are chosen to study the proposed optimal operation strategy based on PSO. The results demonstrate that the proposed optimal operation strategy is a feasible method to achieve minimum all-day load loss.
关键词： Pumped hydro storage,Reliability,Particle swarm optimization,Hybrid system
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Simulations of Frenkel to Wannier-Mott-Exciton Transitions in a Nano-Hybrid System
摘要： Excitation energy transfer at a prototypical organic/inorganic interface is described theoretically. The nano-hybrid system to be investigated is built up by a vertical stacking of 20 para-sexiphenyl molecules physisorbed on a ZnO nano-crystal of 3903 atoms. To determine the time scale of excitation energy transfer all relevant electronic excitations of the organic and inorganic part are computed together with the related excitation energy transfer couplings. Values of the coupling lie in the meV-range or less. This motivates a Golden Rule description of the excitation energy transfer. Different Frenkel excitons are chosen as excitation energy donor levels. Due to the H-aggregate configuration of the organic part the number of exciton wave function nodes increases with decreasing exciton energy. As a result, the couplings of the individual molecules to a certain ZnO electron-hole pair cancel each other more intensively and the overall transfer rate gets smaller. The highest exciton levels decay most rapidly and are characterized by lifetimes in the ps-region. The lower part of the exciton band, however, has lifetimes in the ns-region. The Golden Rule description is finally compared to a direct solution of the time-dependent Schroedinger equation. The obtained transfer dynamics confirm those of the rate equation approach when the higher part of the Frenkel exciton band is considered. In the lower part the reduced number of final electron-hole pair states in the inorganic part blocks the Frenkel-exciton decay.
关键词： nano-hybrid system,Golden Rule,Frenkel excitons,time-dependent Schroedinger equation,Wannier-Mott excitons,Excitation energy transfer
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Optimal Design Method of a Hybrid CSP-PV Plant Based on Genetic Algorithm Considering the Operation Strategy
摘要： Solar energy is the most abundant renewable energy and it has a great potential for development. There are two ways to transfer solar energy to electricity: photovoltaic power generation (PV) and concentrated solar power (CSP). CSP-PV hybrid system can be fully integrated with the advantages of the two systems to achieve low cost, stable output, and manageable to generate electricity. In this paper, the operation strategy of the CSP-PV system is proposed for parabolic trough CSP system and PV system which are now commercially operated. Genetic algorithm is used to optimize the design of the system and calculate PV-installed capacity, battery capacity, and storage capacity of CSP system, making the system to achieve the lowest cost of electricity generation. The results show that the introduction of the CSP system makes it possible to ensure the stability of the output power of hybrid system when the battery capacity is small, which greatly improves the annual utilization time of the PV and reduces solar abandonment. When the system is optimized by operation characteristics of Spring Equinox, the lowest LCOE is 0.0627 $/kWh, the rated capacity of PV and CSP system are 222.462 MW and 30 MW, storage and battery are 356.562 MWh and 14.687 MWh. When the system is optimized by the operation characteristics of the whole year, the lowest LCOE is 0.0555 $/kWh, the rated capacity of PV and CSP system are 242.954 MW and 30 MW, respectively, and the capacity of heat storage and battery are 136.059 MWh and 8.977 MWh. The comparison shows that the power generation curves of the hybrid system are similar in the two optimization-based methods—Spring Equinox based and annual based, but LCOE is lower when optimized by the annual operation characteristic, and the annual utilization rate of the system is higher when optimized by Spring Equinox based.
关键词： concentrated solar power,operation strategy,genetic algorithm,LCOE,photovoltaic power generation,solar energy,CSP-PV hybrid system
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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[IEEE 2018 International Conference on Smart City and Emerging Technology (ICSCET) - Mumbai, India (2018.1.5-2018.1.5)] 2018 International Conference on Smart City and Emerging Technology (ICSCET) - Floating Solar Collector for Hybrid Hydro-Solar Power Plant
摘要： In the current era of energy technology, almost popular branch in engineering which deals about study of conventional and non-conventional source of energy for production of non-conventional source of energy is our motto in this paper and application of floating solar collectors requires hybrid-solar power plant is manly discussed in this paper. The main concept of this paper is to generate the electricity to use of solar energy. Since hydroelectricity is the non –conventional source of energy but with the help of solar p-v panels which is the source of conventional source of energy, we can produce the energy throughout the year. We can utilize renewable source of emery for production of electricity. Solar energy is the rich source of energy for production of energy. Solar energy converted to useful energy indirectly via other energy form. There is some limitation to use solar energy as well as some advantage of use of solar emery.
关键词： Hybrid system,Hybrid hydro Solar power plant,Floating solar collectors,Use of solar energy,Future scope
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Resource Assessment and Techno-Economic Analysis of a Grid-Connected Solar PV-Wind Hybrid System for Different Locations in Saudi Arabia
摘要： The economic growth and demographic progression in Saudi Arabia increased spending on the development of conventional power plants to meet the national energy demand. The conventional generation and continued use of fossil fuels as the main source of electricity will raise the operational environmental impact of electricity generation. Therefore, using different renewable energy sources might be a solution to this issue. In this study, a grid-connected solar PV-wind hybrid energy system has been designed considering an average community load demand of 15,000 kWh/day and a peak load of 2395 kW. HOMER software is used to assess the potential of renewable energy resources and perform the technical and economic analyses of the grid-connected hybrid system. The meteorological data was collected from the Renewable Resources Atlas developed by the King Abdullah City of Atomic and Renewable Energy (KACARE). Four different cities in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, namely, the cities of Riyadh, Hafar Albatin, Sharurah, and Yanbu were selected to do the analyses. The simulation results show that the proposed system is economically and environmentally feasible at Yanbu city. The system at this city has the lowest net present cost (NPC) and levelized the cost of energy (LCOE), highest total energy that can be sold to the grid, as well as the lowest CO2 emissions due to a highly renewable energy penetration. This grid-connected hybrid system with the proposed con?guration is applicable for similar meteorological and environmental conditions in the region, and around the world. Reduction of some greenhouse gasses as well as the reduction of energy costs are main contributors of this research.
关键词： sustainability,solar energy,wind energy,HOMER,grid-connected hybrid system
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Dynamic simulation, control, and performance evaluation of a synergistic solar and natural gas hybrid power plant
摘要： Solar power is considered among the leading renewable energy technologies. Abundant supply, flexibility of installation, and decreasing cost makes it an interesting renewable energy resource. However, there are challenges associated with the reliability of solar power due to its intermittent nature. This work demonstrates the synergies that exist in integrated hybrid systems, where a dispatchable fuel is used in conjunction with concentrated solar power. In this simulation-based study, a parabolic trough solar concentrator is used to collect solar energy. The heat collected from the solar field is used to generate steam in a Rankine cycle. The system also utilizes natural gas combustion in the steam generator to provide supplemental steam when the solar intensity is reduced due to cloud cover or at night. Natural gas is also used for superheating the steam, which allows the system to produce higher temperatures and achieve increased thermodynamic cycle efficiencies. This flexible design produces 100 MW at nominal conditions, while it is capable of producing a maximum of 140 MW when sufficient solar energy is available. The novel contributions of this work include a complete, systems-level, dynamic model of a hybrid solar plant. The model is complete with a control system that smoothly transitions the plant from pure natural gas mode at night to solar hybrid mode during the day. It evaluates innovative design features such as flexible fuel operation, steam superheating to boost efficiency, and preheating by solar or waste heat. Furthermore, this work demonstrates that by hybridizing a solar system with a dispatchable energy source, both the reliability and efficiency of the solar power production are increased. The annual solar-to-electric efficiency increases from 15.2% to 26.13% with hybridization, which indicates that utilization of the solar energy is effectively increased.
关键词： Natural gas plant,Hybrid system,Dynamic simulation and control,Concentrated solar power
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46