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- 摘要
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- 实验方案
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[IEEE 2020 International Conference on Computation, Automation and Knowledge Management (ICCAKM) - Dubai, United Arab Emirates (2020.1.9-2020.1.10)] 2020 International Conference on Computation, Automation and Knowledge Management (ICCAKM) - 35.83% Efficient Non-Toxic Perovskite Solar Cell using Copper Iodide and Tin-oxide
摘要： Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve is a plot traced out by pairs of false-positive rate and true-positive rate according to various decision threshold settings. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) is widely used as a figure of merit to summarize a diagnostic system’s performance, a binary classifier’s overall accuracy, or an energy detector’s power. Exploiting the equivalent relationship between the sample version of AUC and Mann Whitney U statistic (MWUS), in this paper, we develop an efficient algorithm of linearithmic order, based on dynamic programming, for unbiased estimation of the mean and variance of MWUS. Monte Carlo simulations verify our algorithmic findings.
关键词： receiver operating characteristic (ROC),dynamic programming,Area under the curve (AUC),Mann-Whitney U statistic (MWUS)
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 8th International Conference on Advanced Optoelectronics and Lasers (CAOL) - Sozopol, Bulgaria (2019.9.6-2019.9.8)] 2019 IEEE 8th International Conference on Advanced Optoelectronics and Lasers (CAOL) - Monte Carlo Evaluation of the Uncertainty in a Calibrated Instrument
摘要： A Monte Carlo procedure is presented for computing the joint state-of-knowledge probability distribution to be assigned to the parameters of a calibration function. The procedure is fully in line with the approach in Supplement 1 to the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement. It consists of propagating the joint probability distribution of the calibration quantities through the mathematical model of the measurement by which the parameters are defined. Usually this model is derived from a least-squares adjustment procedure. When the instrument is in use, we desire to obtain the probability distribution for the stimulus that corresponds to an indicated response. This goal can be accomplished by propagating the distributions for the parameters of the calibration curve, together with the distribution of the indicated response.
关键词： calibration functions,probability distributions,curve fitting,Monte Carlo method
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[IEEE 2019 FISE-IEEE/CIGRE Conference - Living the energy Transition (FISE/CIGRE) - Medellin, Colombia (2019.12.4-2019.12.6)] 2019 FISE-IEEE/CIGRE Conference - Living the energy Transition (FISE/CIGRE) - Considerations for the Assessment Resilience in Low Voltage Electrical Network with Photovoltaic Systems a?? Part I
摘要： Resilience promises to be a concept to integrally evaluate the operation of an electrical grid, to guarantee in the robustness, reliability, adaptability, and restoration electrical system. Resilience is mainly studied to analyse the negative effects caused by high impact events and low probability of occurrence (e.g. natural disasters) in power systems and medium voltage distribution networks. This paper aims to present considerations about the assessment of resilience to evaluate a low-voltage power grid with photovoltaic systems. The resilience level may be a unique quantitative value that defines in real-time the operational state of the electrical grid. This paper proposes the resilience evaluation in 1 to 10-minute observation window using four concepts, given weights to each concept and proposing two-visualization form of resilience. Therefore, this research proposes the resilience study in low voltage networks that integrate distributed resources, seeking to highlight the importance of evolution-temporary evaluation.
关键词： resilience diamond,Low voltage,photovoltaic systems.,resilience curve
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Two different types of S-shaped J-V characteristics in organic solar cells
摘要： In this paper, S-shaped characteristics of organic solar cells (OSCs) are analyzed by a drift–diffusion model which includes charge carrier surface recombination and thermal injection on the anode and cathode through boundary conditions. By varying surface recombination velocities (SRVs) for electrons and holes on both contacts and the injection barrier heights for majority carriers, two different S-shaped deviations in OSCs J-V characteristics were observed. The first type of S-shaped J-V characteristic manifests the S-shape bending in the vicinity of the voltage axis, after which it rises almost exponentially. This kind of S-shape deformation was found to arise from the finite SRVs. The second type of the S-shaped J-V characteristic also makes a kink near the voltage axis but proceeds to grow monotonically, having only one saddle point. The S-shaped J-V curve of this kind turned out to be the consequence of the electron injection barrier height larger than 0.2 eV. The validity of our model is confirmed by comparing the simulated J-V curves with the experimentally obtained data. The model has been applied to the ITO/PEDOT:PSS/P3HT:PCBM/Al and ITO/PEDOT:PSS/P3HT:ICBA/Al solar cells. For the P3HT:PCBM based solar cells, the regular J-shaped J-V curves were measured, while for the P3HT:ICBA solar cells, the J-V curves with anomalous S-shape behavior were recorded. All experimentally obtained J-V curves were reproduced very well with our model. It seems that the ITO/PEDOT:PSS/ P3HT:ICBA/Al solar cell S-shaped J-V curve originates from the electron barrier height on the cathode contact, rather than from the low surface recombination on the electrodes.
关键词： Solar cells,Drift–diffusion model,Organic materials,S-shaped J-V curve
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[IEEE 2019 International Ural Conference on Electrical Power Engineering (UralCon) - Chelyabinsk, Russia (2019.10.1-2019.10.3)] 2019 International Ural Conference on Electrical Power Engineering (UralCon) - Development of Method for Photovoltaic Generation Control by Electrical Network Relative Power Losses Minimization Criteria
摘要： In recent years, the world practice shows that in many developed countries the use of renewable energy sources has become an important factor for the sustainable development of their energy sector. The integration of solar power plants into the electric networks is one of the most important directions for the development of energy, but the issue of the influence of solar generation on the modes of electric distribution networks and the relative power loss is acute. This paper analyzes the effect of distributed solar generation on power losses and the configuration of the load curve. The problem of excessive solar generation at the weekend causes the flow of active power from the consumer to the power system, which leads to a change in the configuration of the load curve and an increase in the relative power losses. A calculation method is proposed to minimize relative power losses in electric networks, which allows improving the efficiency of the electric grid company in the conditions of integration of distributed solar generation. Also, to confirm the correctness of the calculation results of the proposed method, variational calculations were carried out.
关键词： Shape factor,Power losses,Load curve,Republic of Tajikistan,Solar generation
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Second-Generation Visually Guided Laser Balloon Ablation System for Pulmonary Vein Isolation: Learning Curve, Safety and Efficacy ― The MERLIN Registry ―
摘要： Background: Radiofrequency (RF)-based pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) results in a favorable clinical outcome, although its complexity demands a long learning curve. Balloon-based systems have been developed to possibly solve these limitations. The 2nd-generation laser balloon (LB2) offers optimized features for improved tissue contact and visibility. We determined the safety, efficacy and learning curve of the LB2 for PVI. Methods and Results: A total of 45 consecutive patients (89% persistent AF) were prospectively enrolled and divided into 3 groups (T1, T2, T3) of n=15 patients per group. All patients underwent PVI by 2 operators using the LB2. The operators were experienced in RF and cryothermal procedures, but not in laser ablations. A total of 174/177 PVs (98%) were successfully isolated. The median procedure time significantly declined from 132 (114, 158) to 119 (102, 127) and 91 (86, 105) min in T1–3, respectively (P=0.0009). Similarly, the median fluoroscopy time significantly decreased from T1 to T3 (22 (17, 27) vs. 21 (16, 24) vs. 13 (10, 17) min, respectively, P=0.045). Adverse events occurred in 6.7%, with a trend towards a lower complication rate with increasing experience. Conclusions: The LB2 was safe and effective for PVI, even for operators without any previous experience in laser balloon-based PVI. Procedure time, left atrial dwelling time and fluoroscopy time decreased after a learning curve of 15 cases.
关键词： Pulmonary vein isolation,Catheter ablation,Laser balloon,Learning curve,Atrial fibrillation
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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A Novel Photovoltaic Array Outlier Cleaning Algorithm Based on Sliding Standard Deviation Mutation
摘要： There is a large number of outliers in the operation data of photovoltaic (PV) array, which is caused by array abnormalities and faults, communication issues, sensor failure, and array shutdown during PV power plant operation. The outlier will reduce the accuracy of PV system performance analysis and modeling, and make it di?cult for fault diagnosis of PV power plant. The conventional data cleaning method is a?ected by the outlier data distribution. In order to solve the above problems, this paper presents a method for identifying PV array outliers based on sliding standard deviation mutation. Considering the PV array output characteristics under actual environmental conditions, the distribution of array outliers is analyzed. Then, an outlier identi?cation method is established based on sliding standard deviation calculation. This method can identify outliers by analyzing the degree of dispersion of the operational data. The veri?cation part is illustrated by case study and algorithm comparison. In the case study, multiple sets of actual operating data of di?erent inverters are cleaned, which is selected from a large grid-connected power station. The cleaning results illustrate the availability of the algorithm. Then, the comparison against the quantile-algorithm-based outlier identi?cation method explains the e?ectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
关键词： raw operation data,data cleaning,power curve,PV array,cleaning algorithm
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Pyrocatechol violet sensitized Ho-TiO <sub/>2</sub> /ZnO nanostructured material: as photoanode for dye sensitized solar cells
摘要： In this work TiO2, Holmium doped (Ho-TiO2) Titanium oxide nanoparticles (NPs) and the corresponding nanostructured combinations (Ho-TiO2/ZnO NC) were successfully synthesized through sol gel method and re?ux techniques respectively. The prepared nano materials were characterized with the help of x-ray diffraction Analysis (XRD), UV–visible spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive x-ray Analysis (EDX) and Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The absorption spectra of nano materials were used for band gaps calculation. The band gap of pure TiO2 NPs was found to be 3.10 eV which was effectively tuned to 2.65 eV by the doping of Holmium at different concentrations. XRD patterns con?rmed the crystalline nature and purity of the synthesized nano materials. Morphology and elemental composition of the material were investigated using SEM and EDX respectively. FTIR helped in detecting the functional groups and grafting of the dye on the surface of nanoparticles. The nano materials were used as Photo-anodes in dye sensitized solar cells (DSSC). Pyrocatechol Violet dye was used as a photo-sensitizer. P3HT (polymer), a hole conducting polymer, was employed as a solid state electrolyte. I–V measurements were used for characterization of fabricated solar cells. Ho-TiO2/ZnO nanomaterial photosensitized with Pyrocatechol violet dye gave the highest percentage ef?ciency of 1.51. Other characteristic parameters of the fabricated devices such as short circuit current (Jsc), open circuit voltage (Voc), maximum power point (Mpp) and ?ll factor were found to be 11.2 mA cm?2, 0.41 V, 1.55(mW cm?2) and 0.33 respectively.
关键词： I–V curve,?ll factor,dye sensitized solar cell,sol gel method,SEM,pyrocatechol violet
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Photovoltaic Hot-Spots Fault Detection Algorithm using Fuzzy Systems
摘要： Faults in photovoltaic (PV) modules, which might result in energy loss and reliability problems are often difficult to avoid, and certainty need to be detected. One of the major reliability problems affecting PV modules is hot-spotting, where a cell or group of cells heats up significantly compared to adjacent solar cells, hence decreasing the optimum power generated. In this article, we propose a fault detection of PV hot-spots based on the analysis of 2580 PV modules affected by different types of hot-spots, where these PV modules are operated under various environmental conditions, distributed across the UK. The fault detection model comprises a fuzzy inference system (FIS) using Mamdani-type fuzzy controller including three input parameters, namely, percentage of power loss (PPL), short circuit current (Isc), and open circuit voltage (Voc). In order to test the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, extensive simulation and experimental-based tests have been carried out; while the average obtained accuracy is equal to 96.7%.
关键词： Fault Detection,Hot-Spots,Photovoltaic,Power Loss,I-V curve,Fuzzy Logic
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Impact of Nonplanar Panels on Photovoltaic Power Generation in the Case of Vehicles
摘要： We investigate the impact of nonplanar panels on power generation in the case of photovoltaic panels mounted on vehicles. The power generation of nonplanar photovoltaic panels on vehicles is analyzed using the numerical geometric model, comprising the incident angle distribution of irradiation. We calculated power generated by the photovoltaic panels equipped on the roof, side, and tilted surfaces of vehicles, showing that even the panels on the side, which are ?tted vertically to the ground, generate more than a quarter of the total power as that generated by the panel horizontal to the ground. Furthermore, we evaluated the curve correction factor that re?ects the relative power generation of nonplanar panels with respect to the reference ?at panels on vehicles. The geometrical model reproduces a simple relationship between the curve correction factor and effective surface ratio between the nonplanar and reference ?at panels. Our ?ndings indicate that the curve correction factor is useful to estimate power generation for nonplanar photovoltaic devices on vehicles; this provides a guiding principle for designing nonplanar photovoltaic devices for vehicles.
关键词： Curve correction factor,photovoltaic panel,photovoltaic system,vehicles
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52