- 标题
- 摘要
- 关键词
- 实验方案
- 产品
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Photovoltaic Module Reliability || What does the Future Hold for PV and a Brief Summary
摘要： The discussions in the previous chapters looked at both the history and present‐day status of photovoltaics (PV) module reliability and the accelerated stress testing associated with it. In this final chapter, the focus will shift to the future. PV is a dynamic industry so the technology and the testing standards are constantly evolving. The first section in this chapter will provide an update on the changes already in progress for some of the more important module qualification and safety standards. The second section will switch to a longer‐range view, discussing how PV module reliability is likely to change in the future and what sort of accelerated stress testing will be necessary to validate the quality of the huge volume of modules produced. The book will end with a brief summary of the status of PV module reliability today.
关键词： accelerated stress testing,flexible modules,IEC 61215,IEC 61730,bifacial modules,module lifetime,degradation rates,PV module reliability,photovoltaics
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Photovoltaic Module Reliability || Using Quality Management Systems to Manufacture PV Modules
摘要： The first five chapters of this book have presented the efforts involved in testing and evaluating the performance of PV modules. However, you cannot test quality into a product. Testing can only indicate whether a manufacturer has been successful at designing and building quality into the product in the first place. In order to continuously build quality modules, the manufacturers should be using Quality Management Systems that have been developed specifically for PV‐module manufacturing. This chapter will relate some of the history behind how Quality Management Systems evolved in PV, indicating how successful this has been as well as identifying some of the issues with the present system and the need for further improvements.
关键词： manufacturing,IEC 61215,PV modules,Quality Management Systems,ISO 9000
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Photovoltaic Module Reliability || Conformity Assessment and IECRE
摘要： Conformity Assessment refers to activities that are undertaken to determine that products, services, or even systems meet the requirements of their specification and/or relevant standards. You can see how important this would be for photovoltaics (PV) as they require huge upfront investments and then the economic return is based on them performing to specification for many years. Most of this book so far has detailed the types of extended accelerated testing and factory quality control necessary for PV modules to meet specifications and warranties. However, there are two additional requirements that must be met to achieve the type of conformity assessment needed in PV. These will be discussed in the next two sections. The first section discusses development of conformity assessment systems for PV products, in this case, mostly PV modules although some PV products like PV lanterns have also been covered. The second section discusses the extension of conformity assessment from the product to the PV system deployed in the field and how this required the creation of a whole new Conformity Assessment organization at the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC).
关键词： IECRE,IEC,Photovoltaics,PV modules,Conformity Assessment
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[Laser Institute of America ILSC? 2019: Proceedings of the International Laser Safety Conference - South Kissimmee, Florida, USA (March 18–21, 2019)] International Laser Safety Conference - Computer modelling to support laser safety analysis of pulse trains with varying peak power and pulse duration
摘要： Neither the international laser safety standard IEC 60825-1 Edition 3.0 nor the standard ANSI Z136.1-2014 provide specific rules on how to apply the pulse reduction factor C5 (resp. CP) to irregular pulse trains, featuring both varying peak power as well as varying pulse duration. Without specific guidance, the analysis has to be performed based on restrictive approaches, such as counting all pulses and giving them the same weight, even the ones with smaller peak power and lower energy. Preliminary work, presented at the ILSC 2017, focused on pulse trains with varying peak power. The present study provides guidance on how to analyze irregular pulse patterns - both in terms of peak power and pulse duration - in a less restrictive way.
关键词： peak power,IEC 60825-1,ANSI Z136.1,pulse duration,laser safety,pulse trains
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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[IEEE 2018 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2018) - Paris, France (2018.7.8-2018.7.13)] 2018 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2018) - Implementation of Certified 150–Ω Voltage Probe for IEC 61967–4 Conducted Electromagnetic Emission Measurement
摘要： A 150-Ω probe which fully complied with the IEC standard 61967-4 is proposed for the conducted emission testing at IC level. The 150-Ω direct coupling method is reviewed, and the concern of precise measurement and the property of easy to use is discussed. The 150-Ω network is implemented by the integrated passive device (IPD) process instead of surface-mount devices (SMDs). With the reduced parasitic effect, the proposed 150-Ω probe is verified to fulfill the specifications of IEC standard which make the characterization of EMI at IC level guarantee the high precision and high repeatability.
关键词： measurement,EMC,Electromagnetic emission,IEC standards,EMI
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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13.3: <i>Invited Paper:</i> The Standardization and Performance Evaluation of Flexible Display Devices
摘要： In the flexible display devices to standardization, the development course and present situation of IEC/TC110 flexible display devices (WG8) are both introduced. Due to the variability of flexible display, the test method of flexible displays is different from traditional displays. At present, many studies have been focusing on the measuring methods of optical characteristics from the vantage point for curved displays, visual assessment of the mechanical reliability and environment tests of flexible display devices are also discussed. Considering the usage environment, the establishment of a reasonable environmental mechanical composite test method is investigated. With the development and the application of flexible and stretchable display devices, the scientific method will be developed.
关键词： mechanical reliability,Flexible display,environment tests,IEC/TC110
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36