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Fabrication of gold nanorod arrays on a cylindrical surface of optical fibers by using in-situ electrodeposition
摘要： Optical fiber is an excellent light-coupled substrate, which has the characteristics of large a length-diameter ratio with a cylindrical surface. Recently, various methods have been reported in order to improve the ability of local optical fields. In particular, methods aimed to address the efficient coupling and optical resonances by modifying metal nanostructures on the light-coupled substrate have been developed. However, existing methods are largely applicable to planar or tip substrates, and it remains a significant challenge to prepare metal nanostructures on a cylindrical substrate. In this study, we proposed a novel strategy to fabricate gold nanorods arrays (AuNRs) by electrodepositing them in anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) templates on the cylindrical surface of optical fibers. Briefly, AAO templates were prepared in-situ by using a constant current density secondary oxidation method on the cylindrical surface of optical fibers, and then the AuNRs were in-situ deposited in the AAO templates by electrodeposition. The features of the AuNRs such as diameter, nanorod pitch, and height could be easily regulated by adjusting the parameters of electrodeposition and the anode oxidation. The SEM images demonstrates that AuNRs exhibit a satisfactory consistency with a uniform diameter and favorable self-supporting properties. The relationships between the current density, pore diameter and pore distribution were explored, combined with the voltage-time curve during anodic oxidation. Furthermore, the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) optical properties of the AuNRs on the cylindrical surface were analyzed using the Finite-difference Time-domain Algorithm (FDTD) method. Results suggest that this alternative in-situ electrodeposition strategy has the potentials to be applied to SPR optical fiber sensing.
关键词： Gold nanorods arrays,Finite-difference time-domain algorithm,In-situ electrodeposition,Cylindrical surface of optical fibers,Anodized aluminum oxide templates
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Structure Quality of LuFeO3 Epitaxial Layers Grown by Pulsed-Laser Deposition on Sapphire/Pt
摘要： Structural quality of LuFeO3 epitaxial layers grown by pulsed-laser deposition on sapphire substrates with and without platinum Pt interlayers has been investigated by in situ high-resolution X-ray diffraction (reciprocal-space mapping). The parameters of the structure such as size and misorientation of mosaic blocks have been determined as functions of the thickness of LuFeO3 during growth and for different thicknesses of platinum interlayers up to 40 nm. By means of fitting of the time-resolved X-ray reflectivity curves and by in situ X-ray diffraction measurement, we demonstrate that the LuFeO3 growth rate as well as the out-of-plane lattice parameter are almost independent from Pt interlayer thickness, while the in-plane LuFeO3 lattice parameter decreases. We reveal that, despite the different morphologies of the Pt interlayers with different thickness, LuFeO3 was growing as a continuous mosaic layer and the misorientation of the mosaic blocks decreases with increasing Pt thickness. The X-ray diffraction results combined with ex situ scanning electron microscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy demonstrate that the Pt interlayer significantly improves the structure of LuFeO3 by reducing the misfit of the LuFeO3 lattice with respect to the material underneath.
关键词： in situ X-ray diffraction,multiferroics,electron microscopy,pulsed-laser deposition
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Five-year outcomes of small-incision lenticule extraction vs femtosecond lasera??assisted laser in situ keratomileusis
摘要： To compare the long-term refractive and visual outcomes and the corneal higher-order aberrations of contralateral eyes of patients who received small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) in one eye and femtosecond laser–assisted laser in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) in the other eye.
关键词： small-incision lenticule extraction,femtosecond laser–assisted laser in situ keratomileusis,myopic astigmatism,corneal higher-order aberrations,SMILE,FS-LASIK,myopia
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Patient-reported vision-related quality of life after laser in situ keratomileusis, surface ablation, and phakic intraocular lens
摘要： To evaluate the long-term efficacy of refractive surgery of all cases in a single center via the use of a patient-reported outcome (PRO) refractive status questionnaire using descriptive statistics. This study was prospective, single-center, cohort study that involved 1422 patients who underwent refractive surgery (laser in situ keratomileusis, surface ablation, and phakic intraocular lens) at Baptist Eye Institute, Kyoto, Japan. The patients were asked to answer the Refractive Status and Vision Profile (RSVP) questionnaire before the surgery after 6 months (n = 1133 patients) and after 5.5 years (n = 232 patients). During the same period, examination by slit-lamp biomicroscopy and visual acuity tests were performed. Moreover, the patients were asked to rate their satisfaction with the surgery 6 months and 5.5 years after it. We examined overall RSVP scale (S), 8 RSVP subscales, rate of satisfaction with surgical outcome, slit-lamp biomicroscopy findings, and refractive error. The mean preoperative S was 36, yet that score significantly improved to 19 at 6 postoperative months postoperatively (P < .01), and basically remained the same (i.e., 20) throughout the 5.5-year postoperative period. During the 5-year follow-up period, mean refractive error became slightly myopic (0.3 D). No change in the rate of satisfaction was observed at both 6 months and 5.5 years postoperative period. The findings of this study help to clarify long-term PRO quality of vision (QOV) postrefractive surgery in a single center, and show that minor change in refractive error during 5 years postoperative period had no influence on the mean RSVP scores among outpatients. Nearly all patients reported short-term improvement of QOV, which continued throughout the long-term follow-up period.
关键词： patient-reported outcome,phakic intraocular lens,refractive surgery,laser in situ keratomileusis,surface ablation
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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3D Ultrasensitive Polymers-Plasmonic Hybrid Flexible Platform for In-Situ Detection
摘要： This paper introduces a three-dimensional (3D) pyramid to the polymers-plasmonic hybrid structure of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) composite silver nanoparticle (AgNPs) as a higher quality flexible surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate. Benefiting from the effective oscillation of light inside the pyramid valley could provide wide distributions of 3D 'hot spots' in a large space. The inclined surface design of the pyramid structure could facilitate the aggregation of probe molecules, which achieves highly sensitive detection of rhodamine 6G (R6G) and crystal violet (CV). In addition, the AgNPs and PMMA composite structures provide uniform space distribution for analyte detection in a designated hot spot zone. The incident light can penetrate the external PMMA film to trigger the localized plasmon resonance of the encapsulated AgNPs, achieving enormous enhancement factor (~6.24 × 108). After undergoes mechanical deformation, the flexible SERS substrate still maintains high mechanical stability, which was proved by experiment and theory. For practical applications, the prepared flexible SERS substrate is adapted to the in-situ Raman detection of adenosine aqueous solution and the methylene-blue (MB) molecule detection of the skin of a fish, providing a direct and nondestructive active-platform for the detecting on the surfaces with any arbitrary morphology and aqueous solution.
关键词： PMMA,AgNPs,adenosine,SERS,methylene-blue,in-situ
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Development of a novel system for in-situ repair of aeroengine airfoil via pulsed laser ablation
摘要： A novel system for performing in-situ micro-machining of aero-engines for repair applications is proposed in this paper. Using Pulsed Laser Ablation (PLA) as material removal technique, surface cracks caused by foreign objects colliding with airfoils are removed by performing a layer-by-layer micro-machining in the area surrounding the damaged zone. Compared to conventional repair performed by micro-grinding, our invasive PLA system demonstrates a similar level of performance, evaluated from the point of view of fatigue strength in the high cycle (> 107) regime. The follow-up fractographic and metallurgical analysis, indicated that although some micro-structural characteristics are different between the repair methods, the incurred surface damage is limited in magnitude to a thin surface layer (< 30 μm) and the influence on fatigue life is comparable. In the last section, a novel prototype system is presented which allows performing the PLA repair in-situ by use of a miniaturized laser scanning head coupled with a flexible mechanical deployment arm. The system has been successfully tested inside a Roll-Royce Trent jet engine; effectively this proves the possibility of performing in-situ laser micro-machining inside complex mechanical systems such as aero-engines, without the need for complex/expensive disassembly.
关键词： Miniaturized laser system,In-situ micro-machining,Pulsed laser ablation,Aeroengines
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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In-situ optical emission spectroscopy of selective laser melting
摘要： The variances in local processing conditions during Selective Laser Melting (SLM), a powder bed Additive Manufacturing (AM) process, can cause defects that lead to part failure. The nature of SLM permits in-situ monitoring of radiometric signals emitted from the part surface during the process, including optical emission from excited alloying elements. Using Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES) to measure the spectral content of light emitted gives insight into the chemistry and relative intensities of excited species vaporized during SLM processing. The contribution from investigating the use of in-situ OES to gain information about local processing conditions during SLM is reported in this paper. A spectrometer is split into the SLM system laser beam path to measure visible light emitted from the melt pool and plume during the processing of 304L stainless steel. The in-line configuration allows signal collection regardless of the laser scan location. The spectroscopic information is correlated to the melt pool size and features of SLM samples for various build conditions (i.e., process parameters, build chamber atmosphere type, and pressure).The limitations that exist in OES implementation for certain build chamber conditions are discussed. The results in this paper are initial progress towards the use of OES in SLM part qualification and controls applications.
关键词： Metal additive manufacturing,Optical emission spectroscopy,In-situ monitoring,Powder bed fusion
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Ultrasensitive Field‐Effect Biosensors Enabled by the Unique Electronic Properties of Graphene
摘要： Using Li metal-free anodes for lithium-ion oxygen and lithium-ion sulfur batteries is considered as a promising solution to resolve the hazard of Li metal anode. Although Si anode exhibits high capacity and low electrochemical potential, it cannot match with oxygen (or sulfur) cathode, because both lack cycleable lithium ions. In this work, a free-standing and fibrous Si/C anode is prepared by electrospinning and its simple but effective lithiation is proposed. When assembling the cells, the free-standing Si/C anode was put between mass-controlled lithium metal foil and separator, and then the Si/C anode could be lithiated after adding electrolytes. By optimizing a LiFSI based ether electrolyte, the Si/C anode could achieve good cycleablity comparable to that in carbonate electrolytes. The lithiated SieO2 cells exhibit better cycling stability than the lithium oxygen cells with gel polymer electrolye. Moreover, because both Si anode and S@pPAN cathode are compatible with carbonate electrolytes, exceptional cycling performance has been achieved for the lithiated SieS cells. This simple method could pave the way to commercial applications of lithium-ion oxygen and lithium-ion sulfur batteries.
关键词： Lithium-sulfur battery,Lithium-oxygen battery,LieSi alloy anode,In-situ lithiation,Fibrous Si/C anode
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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In-Situ Plasma Monitoring during the Pulsed Laser Deposition of Ni60Ti40 Thin Films
摘要： The properties of pulsed laser deposited of Ni60Ti40 shape memory thin films generated in various deposition conditions were investigated. In-situ plasma monitoring was implemented by means of space- and time-resolved optical emission spectroscopy, and ICCD fast camera imaging. Structural and chemical analyses were performed on the thin films using SEM, AFM, EDS, and XRD equipment. The deposition parameters influence on the chemical composition of the thin films was investigated. The peeled layer presented on DSC a solid-state transformation in a different transformation domain compared to the target properties. A fractal model was used to describe the dynamics of laser produced plasma through various non-differentiable functionalities. Through hydrodynamic type regimes, space-time homographic transformations were correlated with the global dynamics of the ablation plasmas. Spatial simultaneity of homographic transformation through a special SL(2R) invariance implies the description of plasma dynamics through Riccati type equations, establishing correlations with the optical emission spectroscopy measurements.
关键词： thin films,in situ plasma monitoring,nitinol,pulsed laser deposition,fractal modelling,SL(2R) invariance,homographic transformations,Riccati equation
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Effects of doping methods and dopant sizes on the performance of solar cells constructed with anchor-guided photoelectrochemical polymerization of thiophene
摘要： Solar cells constructed with well-ordered polythiophene (PT) or other p-conjugated polymer ?lms are known to yield better photovoltaic characteristics. We recently constructed a PT-based solar cell (PTSC) wherein the photoactive PT ?lm was grown photoelectrochemically along a dye anchor, 3-{5-[N,N-bis(4-diphenylamino)phenyl]thieno[3,2-b]thiophen-2-yl}-2-cyano-acrylic acid (C207) pre-adsorbed onto a compact TiO2 layer. In an effort to understand the effects of other important factors contributing to the PTSC performance, we compared ex-situ and in-situ doping of ordered PT ?lms with three different alkylammonium cations, tetrabutylammonium (TBA+), tetraethylammonium (TEA+), and tetramethylammonium (TMA+). The PT ?lms that have undergone such ex- and in-situ doping both show higher open-circuit voltage (Voc) and short-circuit current density (Jsc) than their pristine counterparts. The optimal conversion ef?ciency (h) of 7.53 ± 0.58% was achieved via in-situ PT doping with TMA+. The incident photon-to-electron conversion ef?ciency (IPCE), electrochemical impedance, and electron lifetime measurements all indicate that in-situ doping is less affected by the cation size and can lead to a higher doping level than the ex-situ doping method. The IPCE also bene?ts from the use of a thin TiO2 layer, as more light reaches the PT ?lm to generate photohole/electron pairs. With the combined use of a thin layer of TiO2 and an ordered PT ?lm containing a large number of dopant ions, the photohole/electron recombination is signi?cantly suppressed.
关键词： polythiophene solar cells,Charge transfer,Ex-situ doping,In-situ doping
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52