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Atomistic modeling of resistivity evolution of copper nanoparticle in intense pulsed light sintering process
摘要： In this work, the intense pulsed light (IPL) sintering process of copper nanoparticle ink is simulated using molecular dynamics (MD) method. First, the neck size growth between the two copper nanoparticles during the IPL sintering process is computed. The resultant electrical resistivity is then calculated by substituting the neck size into the Reimann-Weber formula. Overall, a rapid decrease of electric resistivity is observed in the beginning of the sintering, which is caused by quick neck size growth, followed by a gradually decrease of resistivity. In addition, the correlation of the simulated temperature dependent resistivity is similar to that of the experimentally measured resistivity. The MD model is an effective tool for designers to optimize the IPL sintering process.
关键词： Molecular dynamics,Nanoparticle,Electrical resistivity,Intense pulsed light,Copper
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Short pulse intense pulsed light versus pulsed dye laser for the treatment of facial redness
摘要： Treating diffuse facial redness with an intense pulsed light (IPL) source usually requires multiple sessions and may not achieve complete clearance. The 595 nm pulsed dye laser (PDL) enjoys a good reputation for reducing facial redness with non-purpuric settings. The objective of this study was to compare facial redness reduction using these two devices. After establishing the lowest light dose able to achieve transient purpura for the same pulse width of 1,5 ms with each technology, right and left sides of the face were randomly assigned for each type of treatment. There were two treatment sessions 4 weeks apart and the final evaluation was performed 8 weeks after thesecond treatment. Four blinded experi-enced dermatologists analyzed pre and post-treatment photographs, which demonstrated an average of 60% improvement on the segment treated with the IPL as opposed to 45% on the other segment. Pain level was described as mild and the procedure was well tolerated for both types of treatment. In this study we showed that short-pulsed intense pulsed light and PDL are similar in decreasing facial redness when non-purpuric low fluence settings are used. The IPL was faster and did not have consumables.
关键词： Pulsed dye laser,rosacea,diffuse redness,intense Pulsed Light,facial erythema
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Ultrafast photo-annealed carbon-coated SiO2 sphere electrodes for NO2 gas sensing
摘要： There is great interest in carbon-based printed electronics as a promising technology to achieve lighter, thinner and ?exible electronic devices at low-costs. Despite the surge of enthusiasm in this area, research advances in printed electronics are not yet able to realize diverse carbon structures yet. This is due to the limitations in conventional solution-based printing methods (e.g., inkjet printing, roll-to-roll, screen printing). Processes such as polymer phase-inversion offer one possibility but a much faster and ef?cient method should be devised for reliable production. Here, we demonstrate laser printing combined with intense pulsed-light (IPL) annealing as a novel and ef?cient technique which can form inter-connected carbon spheres electrode on ?exible polymer substrate. Our observations show that the printed patterns from a laser printer consist of a solid-state polymer matrix with inorganic nanoparticles randomly embedded inside. Through ultrafast (5 ms) IPL treatment, core/shell type nanosphere arrays of carbon-coated SiO2 were successfully fabricated, which could be used as a functional platform for highly selective NO2 gas sensing.
关键词： Laser printing,Gas sensing,Intense pulsed-light,SiO2 spheres,Carbon coating
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Rapid Fabrication of Thin Films for Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： Rapid development of the thin film perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has resulted in research and development of these photovoltaic (PV) devices for automated manufacturing. Successful commercialization of PSC modules requires high throughput manufacturing with respect to the application of cheap materials and rapid cost-effective processing techniques. In this paper, several results pertinent to rapid roll-to-roll printing of the absorber and charge carrier transport thin films are presented. The successful fabrication of the processed thin films resulted in devices with 8.30% efficiency. Characterization was conducted through scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy which, in turn, delineated the susceptibility of our custom-made setup for successful up-scale manufacturing of PSCs.
关键词： spray coating,slot-die coating,rapid fabrication,intense pulsed light,Perovskite solar cells,thin films,roll-to-roll printing
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Randomised double-masked placebo-controlled trial of the cumulative treatment efficacy profile of intense pulsed light therapy for meibomian gland dysfunction
摘要： Purpose: To assess long-term cumulative treatment effects of intense pulsed light (IPL) therapy in meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). Methods: Eighty-seven symptomatic participants (58 female, mean±SD age, 53±16 years) with clinical signs of MGD were enrolled in a prospective, double-masked, parallel-group, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Participants were randomised to receive either four or five homogeneously sequenced light pulses or placebo treatment to both eyes, (E-Eye Intense Regulated Pulsed Light, E-Swin, France). Visual acuity, dry eye symptomology, tear film parameters, and ocular surface characteristics were assessed immediately before treatment on days 0, 15, 45, 75, and four weeks after treatment course completion on day 105. Inflammatory and goblet cell function marker expression, and eyelid swab microbiology cultures were evaluated at baseline and day 105. Results: Significant decreases in OSDI, SPEED, and SANDE symptomology scores, and meibomian gland capping, accompanied by increased tear film lipid layer thickness, and inhibited Corynebacterium macginleyi growth were observed in both treatment groups (all p<0.05). Sustained clinical improvements occurred in both treatment groups from day 75, although significant changes from day 45, in lipid layer quality, meibomian gland capping, OSDI and SANDE symptomology, were limited to the five-flash group (all p<0.05). Conclusions: IPL therapy effected significant improvements in dry eye symptomology, tear film lipid layer thickness, and meibomian gland capping in MGD patients. Five-flash IPL treatment showed superior clinical efficacy to four-flash, and an initial course of at least four treatments is suggested to allow for establishment of sustained cumulative therapeutic benefits prior to evaluation of overall treatment efficacy.
关键词： lipid layer,Intense pulsed light,ocular surface,dry eye,tear film,meibomian gland
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Efficacy and Safety of Intense Pulsed Light in Patients With Meibomian Gland Dysfunction—A Randomized, Double-Masked, Sham-Controlled Clinical Trial
摘要： To study the efficacy and safety of intense pulsed light (IPL) in patients with meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). This prospective randomized double-masked sham-controlled trial included 114 patients with MGD. Patients were randomized into the IPL or sham group. Either the IPL or sham procedure was performed on days 0, 15, and 45. Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), visual analog scale, visual acuity, tear breakup time, meibum quality and expressibility, meibography grade, ocular surface staining, tear film lipid layer thickness, tear osmolarity, Schirmer test, tear interleukin-1 receptor agonist, and interleukin-6 levels were examined on days 0, 15, and 45 and at months 3 and 6. Subgroup analysis according to stage and the patient’s compliance to conventional treatment were also analyzed. Any adverse events during the study were recorded. A multilevel mixed-effect linear regression model was used. P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. At 6 months, tear breakup time, meibum quality grades, expressibility grades, and OSDI were better in the IPL group (5.23 6 2.91 vs. 3.11 6 0.99 seconds, P , 0.001; 8.74 6 4.74 vs. 13.19 6 5.01, P , 0.001; 0.50 6 0.67 vs. 1.12 6 0.70, P , 0.001; 24.29 6 16.92 vs. 32.71 6 20.07, P , 0.05). OSDI, meibum quality, and expressibility in the IPL group began to improve at day 15 (P , 0.001), whereas the results in the sham group began to improve at day 45 (P , 0001). No adverse event occurred after IPL. IPL is effective and safe for MGD treatment in all stages regardless of compliance.
关键词： intense pulsed light,meibomian gland dysfunction,meibomian gland,dry eye,cytokines
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Safety of Combination Laser or Intense Pulsed Light Therapies and Doxycycline for the Treatment of Rosacea
摘要： BACKGROUND Current treatment options for rosacea include topical agents, oral therapies, phototherapy using lasers, or intense pulsed light (IPL). Combination therapy for rosacea often yields better results than monotherapy. The safety of laser/light treatments in combination with systemic doxycycline has been questioned because of the theoretical risk of photosensitivity. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to assess the incidence of phototoxicity or photosensitivity in rosacea patients receiving concomitant laser or light treatments and systemic doxycycline. METHODS Treatment records of 36 patients receiving laser/light treatments while also being treated with standard dose or anti-inflammatory dose of doxycycline were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS No adverse reactions related to doxycycline combined with laser/light therapy were reported. Specifically, no photosensitivity or sensitivity to wavelengths in the pulsed dye laser (PDL), or IPL range was observed in this cohort. All patients achieved some degree of clearance. CONCLUSION The results of this retrospective study demonstrate that doxycycline used in conjunction with laser or nonlaser light therapy is a valid combination therapy for improving signs and symptoms of rosacea. No photosensitivity reactions were observed to commonly used IPL or PDL devices.
关键词： rosacea,intense pulsed light,doxycycline,photosensitivity,laser therapy
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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A split-face randomized controlled trial of treatment with broadband light for enlarged facial pores
摘要： Background: Broadband light (BBL) is one of the intense pulsed light. BBL treatment for nonablative, noninvasive skin tightening and rejuvenation reportedly elicits satisfactory clinical outcomes. Up until now, self-controlled case series with objective evaluation of efficacy of facial pores in response to BBL treatment have not been reported. We aimed to assess its safety and efficacy on enlarged facial pores by objective measuring technique. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of BBL on the appearance of facial pores. Methods: 25 patients received five treatments with BBL at 2-week intervals. One split-face was treated by BBL, another split-face was untreated as a control. Objective measurements of the quantitative number of pores were calculated with a VISIA-CR imaging system. Skin elasticity, transepidermal water loss, skin sebum excretion, and skin surface hydration values were also evaluated by using an Elastimeter, Vapometer, Sebumscale, and Moisturemeter. Results: Pretreatment, the total average number of facial pores was 835.88 and 835.68 for BBL-treated facial sides and untreated facial sides, respectively (p ? .993). These values were 801.44 and 811.8, respectively, 2 months after the final treatment (p ? .606). There were no long-term side effects. Conclusion: BBL seems to be a safe and mildly effective approach to reduce detectable pores.
关键词： enlarge pore,Broadband light (BBL),intense pulsed light (IPL),laser,facial rejuvenation,photoaging,treatment,facial pore
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Lasers for Reduction of Unwanted Hair in Skin of Color: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
摘要： Light-based therapies are one of the most effective and widely used strategies for removal of undesired hair, with a broadly favorable safety profile. However, subjects with pigmented skin are found to be more prone to laser-related adverse events. While prolonged pulse-width and longer treatment duration were proposed to minimize adverse events, the optimal treatment option among available phototherapy modalities—long-pulsed (Nd: YAG), pulsed diode, and alexandrite lasers as well as intense pulsed light (IPL)—remains unclear, particularly for skin of color. To determine superiority in terms of effectiveness and tolerability, we conducted a systematic review of literature on different types of in-office laser and IPL for hair removal in subjects with Fitzpatrick skin types III-VI. The meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager (RevMan) version 5.3 and included 12 eligible comparative trials (9 randomized controlled trials and 3 quasi-randomized). In terms of hair count reduction, pooled effect estimates for long-pulsed ND:YAG laser (OR 0.26, 95% CI [0.1, 0.78]) and diode laser (SMD -0.11, 95% CI [-0.62, 0.39) were not statistically significant from those of IPL; in contrast, alexandrite laser was found to be superior to IPL in reducing hair count (SMD -1.7, 95% CI [-2.6, -0.78]. In terms of adverse events, the pooled effect estimates favoured long‐pulsed Nd: YAG laser to IPL with respect to post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (OR 0.26, 95% CI [0.1, 0.78]). However, both pulsed diode and alexandrite lasers exhibited a comparable safety profile to IPL, despite higher pain scores with lasers. In conclusion, this systematic review suggests that treatment outcomes for different in-office laser devices and IPL in subjects with skin type III-VI are broadly similar; nevertheless, we observed a trend toward greater hair reduction following laser therapy compared to IPL.
关键词： Hair removal,Dark skin,Intense pulsed light,Laser
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Acne treatment efficacy of intense pulsed light photodynamic therapy with topical licochalcone A, <scp>l</scp> ‐carnitine, and decanediol: A spilt‐face, double‐blind, randomized controlled trial
摘要： Background: Depending on disease severity, standard acne treatments can vary from topical to systemic therapy. However, poor compliance caused by adverse events and antibiotic resistance is a major cause of treatment failure. Aims: To determine the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with intense pulsed light (IPL) in the treatment of acne when combined with a cream containing licochalcone A, L‐carnitine and decanediol (so‐called, ‘active formulation’) versus PDT alone. Patients/Methods: Twenty‐nine volunteers, aged 21‐39 years (26 women and 3 men, mean age 29.41 ± 5.24 years), with mild to severe facial acne, were enrolled. Each subject’s face sides were randomized in a split‐face manner to either receive PDT (IPL with a 400‐720 nm cut‐off filter, at 4 sessions with two‐week intervals) combined with the active formulation cream twice daily for 10 weeks on one face side; or PDT and the vehicle cream on the other side, with the same treatment protocol. Reduction in acne quantity, melanin index and erythema index were assessed 2 weeks after the second treatment (day 28), 1 week after the fourth treatment (day 49), and 1 month after the fourth treatment (day 70). Results: Compared to baseline, patients in the active formulation group demonstrated a faster onset of reduction in the number of lesions at 2 weeks after the second treatment (p=0.010 for inflammatory acne and p=0.001 for non‐inflammatory acne). A significantly greater reduction in lesion count was observed in the active formulation group compared with the vehicle group at all timepoints of evaluation for noninflammatory acne (day 28, day 49, and day 70; p=0.003, 0.005 and 0.002 respectively), and at 1 month after the fourth treatment for inflammatory acne (p=0.036). Compared to the vehicle group, the melanin index of the active formulation group decreased significantly at 1 month after the fourth treatment (p=0.015). Conclusion: PDT is more effective in treating acne when combined with a topical cream containing licochalcone A, L‐carnitine and decanediol, than PDT alone. Significant acne reduction and improvements in post‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation were observed, which offers acne patients a better therapeutic option. It is a safe and effective combination treatment for patients with moderate and severe acne.
关键词： photodynamic therapy,licochalcone A,l‐carnitine,acne,decanediol,intense pulsed light
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04