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Chemically Interconnected Thermotropic Polymers for Transparency-Tunable and Impact-Resistant Windows
摘要： Thermotropic polymers with the capability of thermally tuning transparency are widely applied in smart windows and energy-saving windows, playing a critical role in enhancing comfort level and energy efficiency of indoor spaces. Usually, thermotropic polymer systems are constructed by physically dispersing phase transition materials in transparent hosting materials. However, bad interfaces universally exist in these systems, resulting in poor mechanical properties, weak interfaces to substrates, or bad long-term stability. Herein, we demonstrate a novel chemically interconnected thermotropic polymer, which is obtained by reacting dodecanedioic acid (DDA) with glycerol. In the system, some of DDA molecules were crosslinked to form a polyester network, poly(glycerol-dodecanoate) (PGD). Other grafted but non-crosslinked DDA molecules form semi-crystalline domains which possess a solid-liquid phase transition within the PGD matrix. The phase transition offers the resulting hybrid materials with tunable optical transparency. The PGD-DDA system shows stable performance after 100 heating-cooling cycles. In addition, when applied for window coating, it results in tough interfacial bonding to glass substrates with toughness of > 6910 J m-2 below its transition temperature and > 135 J m-2 above its transition temperature. It increases the impact-resistance of the window by multiple times.
关键词： chemical interconnection,tough interfacial bonding,impact-resistant,smart windows,thermotropic polymers
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Dual Function of Surface Alkali-Gas Erosion on SnO <sub/>2</sub> for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： The electrical character and interface contact of electron transport layer (ETL) play a critical role on high efficiency planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here, a dual functional surface alkali-gas erosion (SAE) method is proposed based on the unique chemical properties of the amphoteric oxide. Firstly, during the SAE process, the SnO2 can react with alkaline gas slightly and the chemical reaction mechanism is elucidated, which leads to the crystal fusion of the SnO2 surface, bringing an improved electron mobility and an excellent interface contact between SnO2 ETL and perovskite layer. Secondly, SAE method introduced -NH2 group on SnO2 surface chemically can provide nuclear site of perovskite crystal and promote the growth of perovskite film, meanwhile, the -NH2 group connected chemically with SnO2 also serves as a bridge-link by replacing the organic cation at the perovskite/SnO2 interface, which effectively enhances the interfacial charge transport and the perovskite crystallinity. As a consequence, devices with SAE achieve a champion PCE of 21.10% and the average PCE is increased from 18.07% to 20.30%, which mainly results from the increase of short-circuit current density from 22.34 mA/cm2 to 24.19 mA/cm2. Moreover, the optimized devices retain 86% of its initial PCE (compared with 41% of control device) after 60 days at room temperature with 40%–50% humidity.
关键词： Interfacial bonding,Perovskite solar cells,Crystal nucleation,Surface alkali-gas erosion,Surface morphology modulation
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57