- 标题
- 摘要
- 关键词
- 实验方案
- 产品
-
Assessment of LED lamps components and materials for a recycling perspective
摘要： LED lamps have already conquered the market of general lighting. This new product will generate a substantial flow of e-waste requiring studies for the correct management, especially concerning recycling alternatives. This study proposes a material characterization of all the tubular and bulb LED lamp components (carcass, LEDs, printed circuit board and LED module). After manual disassembling, polymers were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and the metals by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and acid leaching followed by ICP-OES analysis. By the novelty of separating and characterizing the LED lamp’s components, a process which has not yet been studied, the results allow for a better interpretation of the different materials distribution within the lamps which is essential to improve the efficiency of a recycling route. To exemplify, the element gallium, which has a recycling appeal from the LEDs, is present in a larger quantity in the printed circuit boards. The study also provides an analysis of the materials recycling rates and economic values, and the comparison with the concentration of natural ores. Thus, it was possible to discuss about target components and materials and the recycling alternatives for each component. LED lamps contain interesting materials, with even higher concentrations than natural ores, such as gold, silver, copper, aluminum, tin and gallium. If recycled, tubular lamps and bulb lamps would have the economic recovery of USD 2405.99 and USD 2595.02 per ton, respectively. The gold was found to be the most valuable material, and the LEDs the most valuable component of the LED lamps.
关键词： Recycling,LED lamp,Gallium,WEEE,Gold,Material characterization
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
-
Investigate quality factor of single tuned passive filter to reduce harmonic of LED lamp
摘要： The use of LED energy-saving lamps is proliferating in the world and ranging from homes, offices to government buildings. The main reason for this is because LED lights have relatively small electrical power consumption. Behind the advantage of saving energy, it turns out that LED lights have a high level of harmonic. Passive filter is recommended to eliminate harmonic. The Quality factor (Q) of a filter will determine its performance. If the Q value is significant, the value of R will be smaller, and the quality of the filter will also be getting better because the energy used by the filter is lowering. It indicates that the heat losses of the filter are small. This work has tested four single tuned passive filter designs on X brand LED lamps with nominal power values of 3W, 4W, and 7W. The inductor values (L) tested were 65mH, 78mH, 91mH, and 115mH, respectively. The test results show that the total harmonic distortion (THD) of voltage on the X brand LED lights does not exceed the IEEE 519-2014 standard limit which is a maximum of 5%, because the highest harmonic voltage is 2.7%. While the highest total harmonic distortion (THD) of current in the LED lamps tested was 154%. The results of installing the first filter (L = 65mH) can reduce THD current up to 90.91%, the second filter (L = 78mH) reduces THD current up to 89.81%, the third filter (L = 91mH) reduces THD current up to 89.57%, while the fourth filter (L = 115mH) reduces THD current up to 86.86%.
关键词： quality factor,LED lamp,total harmonic distortion,passive filter,harmonic
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
-
Disturbances Generated by Lighting Systems with LED Lamps and the Reduction in Their Impacts
摘要： The paper deals with electromagnetic disturbances in the form of current higher harmonics, which are generated by LED lighting elements. It presents the problems related to the formation and impact of higher harmonics in the electrical systems of commercial facilities. The results of tests and analyses of current distortions for two di?erent LED lamps are included, and these are in reference to the parameters set out in the normal applicable standards. A system was then proposed to improve the quality of energy in the mains of commercial facilities in the form of a two-stage power supply. Tests of the systems with the aforementioned LED lamps were conducted and commented upon after introduction of the two-stage power supply. The ?nal part of the paper contains a summary of the obtained test results.
关键词： electromagnetic compatibility,total harmonic distortion (THD),LED lamp,two-stage power supply,current and voltage distortion,lighting system,power factor correction (PFC),higher harmonics
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
-
[IEEE 2019 Second Balkan Junior Conference on Lighting (Balkan Light Junior) - Plovdiv, Bulgaria (2019.9.19-2019.9.21)] 2019 Second Balkan Junior Conference on Lighting (Balkan Light Junior) - Investigating the Influence of Environmental and Design Parameters on the Thermal Regime of a LED Lamp
摘要： The increase of the LED’s temperature above a certain threshold decreases significantly their live expectancy. Therefore, it is important to investigate LEDs’ thermal regime during exploitation. The influence of the construction and the environment parameters on the thermal regime of LED lamp was investigated in this paper. The study was done with a specially developed software, based on a model, describing the thermal regime of LED lamps. Next, a methodology for the research has been developed and a simulation study was carried out. The results of this investigation are represented graphically.
关键词： simulation,model,LED lamp,investigation
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
-
Value Retention Options in Circular Economy: Issues and Challenges of LED Lamp Preprocessing
摘要： The Circular Economy is gaining recognition for its attention to increasing material circularity by proposing a set of value retention options, and organizing business, institutions, and policies for their implementation. Light emitting diode (LED) lamp recycling is becoming increasingly important due to their growing market share and precious metal content. Instead of the current shredding approach, this study applied higher value retention options, such as testing for the functionality of the bulb at the product level, manual disassembly to reuse parts at the component level, and automatic disassembly for industrial scale reuse. This study ?nds that the e?ort that is needed to implement higher value retention options (such as reuse) requires a new form of secondary business, wider networks of recycling chains, and favorable policies. It also shows that about 50% of the lamp waste stream is still functioning and economically attractive if they are remarketed. However, the demand-pull market conditions seem to be missing. For manual disassembly, the output fractions are cleaner, but it is not economically feasible due to high labor cost. On the other hand, automatic disassembly does not produce cleaner fractions due to wide design variability. Thus, this study suggests that shifting from shredding-focused-resource recovery to reuse-based-resource circularity requires a comprehensive framework that simultaneously encourages secondary market formation, collaboration between manufacturers, recyclers and companies, and the formulation of favorable reuse policies. This study applies insights from circular economy principles to LED lamp recycling, and it also contributes to the latter by identifying challenges and possible solutions.
关键词： circular economy,light emitting diode (LED) lamp,value retention options,disassembly,recycling
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04