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Influence of aluminum nanoparticles and binders on the laser initiation of cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine
摘要： Aluminum nanoparticles were added into cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX) to enhance the laser absorption and lower the initiation energy of pulse laser. Polyvinyl acetate (PVA), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), and fluororubber (F2314) were added into RDX as binders to prepare the RDX-based composite explosives with desirable mechanical behavior. The influence of aluminum nanoparticles and binders on the light absorption, thermal behavior, laser initiation energy and the electron temperature in aluminum plasma were investigated using reflectance spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, laser initiation and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. Results showed that the addition of aluminum nanoparticles could prominently lower the laser initiation energy of the RDX-based explosives. The RDX doped with 2.0% aluminum nanoparticles could be reliably initiated with 1.5 J/cm2 laser energy (1064 nm, 8 ns). The laser initiation energy increased to 1.7, 2.4 and 2.9 J/cm2 with the additions of 0.5%, 1.0% and 2.0% F2314 binders, respectively. When the addition of PVA and PVB increased to 2.0%, the RDX-based explosives couldn’t be initiated by pulse laser. When the pulse laser radiated on the surface of the RDX-based composite explosives, the aluminum nanoparticles absorbed the laser energy and were heated to high temperature to initiate the explosives. The addition of binders can provide desirable mechanical behavior, but the laser initiation energy increased because the heat transmission from aluminum nanoparticles to RDX was hindered.
关键词： Laser initiation,Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy,Binder,Aluminum nanoparticle
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Laser pulse initiation of RDX-Al and PETN-Al composites explosion
摘要： The explosive thresholds H cr of the composites cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX)-Al and pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN)-Al under the action of neodymium laser (wavelength 532 nm, pulse duration 14 ns) were experimentally determined for the first time as a function of the aluminum content. The experiments were performed using aluminum nanopowder with average diameter 100 nm. The gas-dynamic energy losses were prevented. The minimal thresholds achieved in the experimental conditions were determined that are H cr = 1 J/cm 2 for the composites RDX-Al at the mass fraction of Al 0.2% and H cr = 0 . 33 J/cm 2 for PETN-Al composites at aluminum mass fraction 0.1%.
关键词： Laser initiation,Pentaerythritol tetranitrate,Cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine,Aluminum,Ultrafine particles,RDX
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Effect of the Density of PETN-Aluminum Composites on the Threshold of Laser Initiated Explosive Decomposition
摘要： The results of studying the laser induced explosive decomposition thresholds of PETN–aluminum composites depending on the concentration of inclusions at various sample densities are presented. An increase in the density of the samples reduces the minimum critical energy density of explosive decomposition and the concentration of inclusions at which explosions are observed.
关键词： laser initiation,PETN,aluminum nanoparticles,gas-dynamic unloading,explosion
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Evolution of Oxidizing Inorganic Metal Salts：Ultrafast Laser Initiation Materials Based on Energetic Cationic Coordination Polymers
摘要： An effective and novel design strategy for ultrafast laser initiating materials has been established on the basis of coordination chemistry for the first time in the present work. In view of the positive effect of Ag ion and perchlorate on laser sensitivity, silver perchlorate as a representative of oxidizing inorganic metal salts was used to construct energetic cationic coordination polymer (ECCPs), which solved the embarrassing situation that these salts are difficult to be directly applied in energetic materials because of unavoidable hygroscopicity and physical mixtures inhomogeneity of oxidant and reductant. With non-energetic nitrogen-rich ligand 3-amino-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-carbohydrazide (ATCA), one new laser-sensitive Ag(I) based ECCP [Ag(ATCA)ClO4]n (1) was successfully synthesized with compact helical structure proved by X-ray single diffraction crystal data. The physicochemical property evaluation revealed that this Ag-ECCP not only completely discarded the undesirable properties of the silver perchlorate and emerged excellent tolerance to moisture and non-corrosive property to metal shells, but also were endowed with good thermal stability and excellent safety for mechanical stimulation. Moreover, theoretical calculations based on standard molar enthalpy of formation and lead plate explosive test as the actual damage experiment have proved that the compound has a superior detonation performance (up to 6800 m s-1 and 0.511 kcal g-1) than the traditional primary explosives. More importantly, the laser initiation experiment based femtosecond laser testing system and high-speed photography demonstrated that this ECCP was an energetic material with great potential for application of the safety detonator as an ultrafast photosensitive initiating materials for laser direct initiation, whose initiation delay time is as low as 73 ms using only 200 mJ initiation energy.
关键词： coordination polymer,perchlorate,laser initiation,silver,primary explosive
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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[IEEE 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC) - Munich, Germany (2019.6.23-2019.6.27)] 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC) - New Type Metal-Azides for Low Threshold Laser Initiation
摘要： The exploration and mining of minerals on extraterrestrial bodies in the solar system: planets, moons, planetoids, asteroids and comets requires the development of fundamentally new primary explosives that are not subject to spontaneous detonation during vibration and static discharges when launched from the ground. Available detonators do not fully meet these requirements and pose a danger to future space missions, therefore, are considered undesirable as payload on board. Therefore, the synthesis, research and testing of new energetic materials sensitive exclusively to the selected wavelength, duration and energy of the exciting laser pulses is of particular relevance. Laser radiation is delivered to the detonator by means of an optical fiber, which imposes an upper limit on the energy of the pulses. In addition, lasers for space missions should be quite miniature, consume little power and do not require cooling. Therefore, it is necessary to pay special attention to lowering the threshold for laser initiation of energetic materials. In this work, we synthesized and investigated energetic materials based on both nontrivial and well-known azides with the ultimate goal of reducing the laser initiation threshold.
关键词： metal-azides,energetic materials,laser initiation,space missions,primary explosives
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22