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How the Mixed Cations (Guanidium, Formamidinium, and Phenylethylamine) in Tin Iodide Perovskites Affect Their Charge Carrier Dynamics and Solar Cell Characteristics
摘要： Despite recent interest in lead-free Sn iodide perovskite (ASnI3) solar cells, the role of mixed A-site cations is yet to be fully understood. Here, we report the effect of the ternary mixing of organic A-site cations (guanidium, GA; formamidinium, FA; and phenylethylamine, PEA) on the solar cell performance and charge carrier dynamics that are evaluated using time-resolved microwave conductivity (TRMC). (GAxFA1?x)0.9PEA0.1SnI3 exhibits the maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 7.90% at x = 0.15 and a drastic decrease with increasing GA content. Notably, our TRMC measurements of ASnI3 with/without a hole transport layer reveal the same trend with the devices. From the analyses, we suggest that a variation of electron mobility affected by the location of the GA cation in the grains significantly impacts the PCE. Our work sheds light on the role of mixed A-site cations and directs a route toward the further development of Sn perovskite solar cells.
关键词： time-resolved microwave conductivity,mixed A-site cations,solar cell performance,Sn iodide perovskite,charge carrier dynamics,lead-free
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Beyond Perovskite Solar Cells: Tellurium Iodide as a Promising Lighta??Absorbing Material for Solutiona??Processed Photovoltaic Application
摘要： Searching new light-absorbing materials to replace toxic lead halide in solar cells is very important and highly desirable. In this research, we firstly demonstrated that tellurium iodide (TeI4) could be used as a light-absorbing material in solar cells due to its suitable optical band gap and the active lone-pair electron orbital in Te4 +. The best power conversion efficiency (PCE = 3.56%) was achieved with a concentration of 0.9 M TeI4 in DMF:DMSO (4 : 1, v,v) without any heat treatment or antisolvent dripping. Our study indicates the promising potential of TeI4 for photovoltaic and optoelectronic applications.
关键词： beyond perovskite solar cells,non-toxic light absorber,lead-free solar cells,TeI4
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Nucleation-controlled growth of superior lead-free perovskite Cs3Bi2I9 single-crystals for high-performance X-ray detection
摘要： The organic-inorganic hybrid lead halide perovskites have emerged as a series of star materials for solar cells, lasers and detectors. However, the issues raised by the toxic lead element and marginal stability due to the volatile organic components have severely limited their potential applications. In this work, we develop a nucleation-controlled solution method to grow large size high-quality Cs3Bi2I9 perovskite single crystals (PSCs). Using the technique, we harvest some centimeter-sized single crystals and achieved high device performance. We ?nd that X-ray detectors based on PSCs exhibit high sensitivity of 1652.3 μC Gyair?1 cm?2 and very low detectable dose rate of 130 nGyair s?1, both desired in medical diagnostics. In addition, its outstanding thermal stability inspires us to develop a high temperature X-ray detector with stable response at up to 100 °C. Furthermore, PSCs exhibit high X-ray imaging capability thanks to its negligible signal drifting and extremely high stability.
关键词： nucleation-controlled growth,high sensitivity,X-ray detection,lead-free,perovskite single crystals
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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CaBi <sub/>4</sub> Ti <sub/>4</sub> O <sub/>15</sub> -based lead-free sol–gel composites for high-temperature application
摘要： CaBi4Ti4O15 (CBiT)-based lead-free sol–gel composites were developed for high-temperature ultrasonic transducer application. In this study, two types of lead-free sol–gel solution, Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3 (BST) and Bi4Ti3O12 (BiT), were used for consistency to fabricate >50-μm-thick CBiT/BST and CBiT/BiT ?lms on 3-mm-thick titanium substrates by a sol–gel spray technique. BST and BiT were chosen because of their high dielectric constant and high Curie temperature, respectively, in addition to their being lead-free materials. A thermal cycle test was carried out between RT and 600 °C, and clear multiple echoes were con?rmed during three thermal cycles for both materials. In addition, the sensitivity of CBiT/BiT was higher than that of CBiT/BST although a higher poling temperature is required for CBiT/BiT. Therefore, an ultrasonic transducer potential for high-temperature application was successfully demonstrated. ? 2018 The Japan Society of Applied Physics
关键词： ultrasonic transducer,high-temperature,sol–gel composites,lead-free,CaBi4Ti4O15
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Magnetoelectric effects at electromechanical resonance in laminates of lead-free piezoelectric bimorph and magnetostrictive component
摘要： The paper presents a theoretical model for magnetoelectric (ME) effect in multilayers of piezoelectric and magnetostrictive components. We assume the piezoelectric layer to be compositionally-stepped. Taking into account the toxicity of lead-based ceramic, piezoelectric component is made of a lead-free piezoelectric. Analytical expressions for ME voltage coefficients is obtained by substituting the expression for stress at bending mode into open electric circuit condition. Using the layered structure based on the compositionally-stepped piezoelectric components leads to an enhanced magnetoelectric coupling for specific component thickness ratio due to an increase in flexural deformation as compared with the bilayer based on homogeneous piezoelectric layer. For the laminate of lead-free piezoelectric langatate bimorph and magnetostrictive Permendur, ME coupling is stronger due to higher ratio of the piezoelectric coupling coefficient to the dielectric constant. In addition, an 80 % increase in magnetoelectric coupling strength due using the compositionally-stepped piezoelectric is obtained.
关键词： electromechanical resonance,magnetoelectric effects,magnetostrictive component,lead-free piezoelectric
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Improved piezoelectric and strain performance of Na2B4O7-doped (Li,K,Na)NbO3 lead-free piezoceramics
摘要： A polymorphic phase transition effect has been employed to regulate the piezoelectric property of lead-free (K,Na)NbO3-based materials, which intrinsically bear the disadvantage of the evident temperature sensitivity. In this research, Li0.04[(K0.49Na0.51)]0.96NbO3–xNa2B4O7 piezoceramics were prepared through a conventional solid-state reaction. A piezoelectric coefficient d33 of about 285 pC/N and a unipolar strain of 0.14%@5 kV/mm were achieved in the ceramics with x = 0.5%. These improved properties can be ascribed to the coexistence of orthorhombic and tetragonal phase structure around room temperature. Besides, the field-induced unipolar strain varied less than 15% in the temperature region from room temperature to 180 °C. The stability of strain property could be rationally interpreted by a quantitative approach of electrostrictive coupling to the polarization amplitude.
关键词： Piezoelectric coefficient,Lead-free piezoceramics,Temperature stability,Na2B4O7 doping,Polymorphic phase transition
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Improved upconversion photoluminescence properties of 0.965K0.4Na0.58Li0.02Nb0.96Sb0.04O3–0.035Bi0.5K0.5ZrO3:0.25%Er/xIn lead-free piezoelectric ceramics with balanced piezoelectric coefficient and Curie temperature
摘要： A series of erbium- and indium-doped 0.965K0.40Na0.58Li0.02Nb0.96Sb0.04O3–0.035Bi0.5K0.5ZrO3:0.25%Er/xIn lead-free piezoelectric ceramics with upconversion photoluminescence (UCPL) properties were prepared by the conventional solid state reaction. A systematical investigation into the effects of In3+ doping on the structural, dielectric, ferroelectric, piezoelectric, and UCPL properties of the ceramics was carried out. The distribution of Er3+-sites could be modified by In3+ doping according to the analysis of UV–Vis-NIR absorption cross-section, resulting in improved piezoelectric and photoluminescence properties of the ceramics. The optimized comprehensive properties are performed by the x = 0.25% samples of which the piezoelectric coefficient d33 ~ 257 pC/N, Curie temperature TC ~ 273 °C, remanent polarization Pr ~ 12.5 μC/cm2, dielectric constant εr ~ 1551, and d33 ~ 257 pC/N which is the supreme piezoelectric coefficient achieved in KNN-based UCPL ceramics as of now. The results demonstrate that erbium and indium co-doped KNN-based ceramics may have potential applications in electro-optical devices.
关键词： Upconversion photoluminescence,Erbium and indium co-doping,Piezoelectric coefficient,Lead-free piezoelectric ceramics,Curie temperature
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Orientation factor and piezoelectric property in textured (K,Na)NbO <sub/>3</sub> system ceramics with minimal templates
摘要： To lower the sintering temperature and decrease the weight ratio of templates required for fabricating textured (K,Na)NbO3 (KNN) system ceramics, the method of preparing platelike NaNbO3 (NN) single-crystal particles for the templates was improved. The NN crystal particles synthesized by the single-step molten salt method using a mixed salt were treated by ultrasonic vibration and subsequently screened. Using these improved templates, we developed the fabrication method for the textured KNN system ceramics by which the weight ratio of the templates required for the orientation control can be reduced to 1/10 of the conventional weight ratio. The effects of decreasing the weight ratio of templates on sintering temperature, orientation factor, and piezoelectric properties were investigated. In addition, the effects of adding Bi2O3 to KNN calcined powder were also studied to suppress abnormal grain growth, which appears in the textured samples fabricated using smaller amounts of the templates.
关键词： reactive template grain growth,molten salt synthesis,Bi2O3 addition,lead-free piezoelectric materials,ultrasonic treatment,textured ceramics
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Inorganic Halide Perovskite Solar Cells: Progress and Challenges
摘要： All-inorganic perovskite semiconductors have recently drawn increasing attention owing to their outstanding thermal stability. Although all-inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have achieved significant progress in recent years, they still fall behind their prototype organic–inorganic counterparts owing to severe energy losses. Therefore, there is considerable interest in further improving the performance of all-inorganic PSCs by synergic optimization of perovskite films and device interfaces. This review article provides an overview of recent progress in inorganic PSCs in terms of lead-based and lead-free composition. The physical properties of all-inorganic perovskite semiconductors as well as the hole/electron transporting materials are discussed to unveil the important role of composition engineering and interface modification. Finally, a discussion of the prospects and challenges for all-inorganic PSCs in the near future is presented.
关键词： perovskites,inorganic perovskite,lead-based,perovskite solar cells,lead-free perovskites
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Inorganic and Pb-Free CsBi <sub/>3</sub> I <sub/>10</sub> Thin Film for Photovoltaic Applications
摘要： Computational, thin-film deposition and characterization approaches have been used to investigate the all inorganic lead-free CsBi3I10 as a candidate thin-film photovoltaic absorber. In this paper, CsBi3I10 was firstly predicted with a layer crystal structure of stable hexagonal phase like Cs3Bi2I9 and then prepared by one-step coating also showing the high purity hexagonal phase and crystallinity, very consistent with the theoretical calculation. After solvent annealing, a high absorption coefficient of approximately 105 cm?1 in visible light and a suitable optical bandgap of 1.78 eV were obtained for CsBi3I10 thin film. The solar cell based on CsBi3I10 perovskite thin film exhibited high power conversion efficiency of 1.05%, good reproducibility, hysteresis-freeness, and long-term stability. These results indicate that the performance of all-inorganic Pb-free perovskite solar cells can be further improved.
关键词： thin-film photovoltaic absorber,perovskite solar cells,CsBi3I10,solvent annealing,lead-free
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57