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Feasibility of transgingival laser irradiation for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy
摘要： Aim: Diode lasers are commonly used for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT). This study aimed to assess the feasibility of transgingival laser irradiation during aPDT and evaluate whether the photosensitizer can be activated. Materials and Methods: Four diode laser settings were assessed for transgingival irradiation: 120 mW, 80 mW, 60 mW, and 40 mW. Fifteen soft-tissue pieces from a pig’s lower jaw were prepared. The specimens’ thickness was measured and transgingival laser irradiation was performed. A digital power meter measured laser power on the other side of the tissue. The power outcome after staining of the nonbuccal aspect of the tissue with photosensitizer dye was assessed similarly. Results: Transgingival laser irradiation (average soft-tissue thickness: 0.84 ± 0.06 mm) resulted in di?erent power transmission depending on the power settings and photosensitizer. The lowest values were observed with the 40 mW setting and photosensitizer (median 3.3 mW, max. 5.0 mW, min. 2.3 mW, interquartile range 1.2), and the highest at 120 mW without photosensitizer (median 41.3 mW, max. 42.7 mW, min. 38.0 mW; interquartile range 1.5). Conclusions: This study indicates that transgingival irradiation may be suitable for aPDT, since power transmission through the gingival tissue was observed in all specimens. However, the decrease in laser power caused by both the soft tissue and the photosensitizer has to be taken into account.
关键词： Transgingival irradiation,Low-level laser therapy,Periodontitis,Diode laser,Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Effectiveness of Adjunctive Use of Low-Level Laser Therapy and Photodynamic Therapy After Scaling and Root Planing in Patients with Chronic Periodontitis
摘要： The aim of this split-mouth, randomized controlled clinical trial was to evaluate the efficacy of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) in treatment of chronic periodontitis. Each quadrant was categorized into control group (SRP alone; two quadrants per patient), test group 1 (SRP + PDT), and test group 2 (SRP + LLLT. The test groups showed significantly higher reductions in Gingival Index, probing depth, and clinical attachment level as well as reductions in Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans counts at 1-, 3-, 6-, and 9-month follow-ups when compared with the control group.
关键词： photodynamic therapy,chronic periodontitis,low-level laser therapy,scaling and root planing
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Infrared Low-Level Laser Therapy (Photobiomodulation Therapy) before Intense Progressive Running Test of High-Level Soccer Players: Effects on Functional, Muscle Damage, Inflammatory, and Oxidative Stress Markers—A Randomized Controlled Trial
摘要： The effects of preexercise photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) to enhance performance, accelerate recovery, and attenuate exercise-induced oxidative stress were still not fully investigated, especially in high-level athletes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of PBMT (using infrared low-level laser therapy) applied before a progressive running test on functional aspects, muscle damage, and inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in high-level soccer players. A randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial was performed. Twenty-two high-level male soccer players from the same team were recruited and treated with active PBMT and placebo. The order of interventions was randomized. Immediately after the application of active PBMT or placebo, the volunteers performed a standardized high-intensity progressive running test (ergospirometry test) until exhaustion. We analyzed rates of oxygen uptake (VO2 max), time until exhaustion, and aerobic and anaerobic threshold during the intense progressive running test. Creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities, levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1-β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), levels of thiobarbituric acid (TBARS) and carbonylated proteins, and catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were measured before and five minutes after the end of the test. PBMT increased the VO2 max (both relative and absolute values—p < 0:0467 and p < 0:0013, respectively), time until exhaustion (p < 0:0043), time (p < 0:0007) and volume (p < 0:0355) in which anaerobic threshold happened, and volume in which aerobic threshold happened (p < 0:0068). Moreover, PBMT decreased CK (p < 0:0001) and LDH (p < 0:0001) activities. Regarding the cytokines, PBMT decreased only IL-6 (p < 0:0001). Finally, PBMT decreased TBARS (p < 0:0001) and carbonylated protein levels (p < 0:01) and increased SOD (p < 0:0001)and CAT (p < 0:0001) activities. The findings of this study demonstrate that preexercise PBMT acts on different functional aspects and biochemical markers. Moreover, preexercise PBMT seems to play an important antioxidant effect, decreasing exercise-induced oxidative stress and consequently enhancing athletic performance and improving postexercise recovery. This trial is registered with Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03803956.
关键词： PBMT,inflammatory markers,oxidative stress,Photobiomodulation therapy,infrared low-level laser therapy,exercise performance,muscle damage,soccer players
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Low-level laser therapy improves pain in postcesarean section: a randomized clinical trial
摘要： This study aimed to evaluate the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on immediate postpartum pain relief during cesarean section. A randomized, parallel controlled trial was carried out. In total, 88 women with immediate postpartum were divided into 4 groups: control group (n = 22), placebo group (n = 22), experimental group I (n = 22, dose of 4 J/cm2), and experimental group II (n = 22, dose of 2 J/cm2). The pain measured by Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), algometry, and Global Change Perception Scale (GCPS) was assessed at 12, 20–24, and 44–48 h postpartum. Two LLLT sessions were performed at 12 and 24 h postpartum. A significant interaction was observed between time versus group for NRS F (2.40) = 36.80, p < 0.001 and algometry F (1.70) = 27.18, p < 0.001. GCPS revealed a significant difference between the groups during second (p = 0.04) and third evaluation (p = 0.04). The NRS and algometry presented a large effect size for the experimental groups. LLLT is an efficient method to reduce pain and enhance the GCP in postcesarean section. No significant clinical differences were found between the laser doses.
关键词： Analgesia,Low-level laser therapy,Cesarean section,Phototherapy
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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The Impacts of Low-Level Laser Therapy – A Complementary Treatment in the Management of Side Effects After Implant Surgery
摘要： Introduction: One of the most important medical applications of laser is low-level laser therapy (LLLT). In this method, laser radiation penetrates easily into the target tissue. The aim of this study was to investigate whether LLLT can reduce the side effects of advanced implant surgery. Methods: In this triple-blind clinical trial, 30 patients aged 25 to 65 years were selected for implant insertion and divided into two groups. In the laser group, immediately after the surgery, 72 hours and 1 week after the surgery, the surgical site was irradiated with an 830 nm laser. The dose required for the laser therapy was 5 J/cm2. The degree of pain, facial swelling and wound healing were analyzed using statistical methods. Results: Our results showed that at 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours after the surgery, the pain level was reduced in the laser group compared with the placebo group (P < 0.05). Swelling of the face was also significantly reduced 7 days after surgery in the laser group (P < 0.05). The investigation on the recovery conditions of the surgical site showed that on the 3rd, 7th and 14th days after the surgery, higher levels of wound healing have been achieved (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Our results suggest that laser, as a complementary therapy; can be used to reduce the severity and duration of pain. Also, laser can reduce facial swelling and accelerate wound healing.
关键词： Side effects,Sinus lift,Implant failure,Low-level laser therapy,Wound healing
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Sinergic Effect of Therapeutic Ultrasound and Low-Level Laser Therapy in the Treatment of Hands and Knees Ostheoarthritis
摘要： Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease that affects predominantly hands and knees of the elderly population, being characterized by chronic pain and limitation of joint movements. Therapeutic approaches to ease the pain, as low-intensity pulsed ultrasound and photobiomodulation (low-level laser therapy) have been broadly used as a complement to drug treatment of osteoarthritis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the synergic effect of LIPUS associated to LLLT on osteoarthritis of hands and knees. For this, 69 patients, being 48 affected by knee osteoarthritis and 21 affected by hand osteoarthritis were selected for the study. Patients were evaluated by the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) for knee osteoarthritis and by Australian Canadian Osteoarthritis Hand (AUSCAN), for hands osteoarthritis. All patients filled out the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) pain questionnaire, which showed statistical improvement of hands (p<0.001) and knees (p<0.001) when comparing before and after treatment. Functional evaluation by AUSCAN showed improvement of hands functionality (p<0.002). Results showed that the synergic therapy of LIPUS and LLLT were efficient in the treatment of hands and knees osteoarthritis, providing a new approach of a non-pharmacological and non-invasive treatment that contributes to better quality of life for the patients with this chronic and degenerative pathology.
关键词： WOMAC,Low-level laser therapy,Osteoarthritis,Therapeutic ultrasound,AUSCAN
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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LOW-LEVEL LIGHT-ASSISTED PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY USING A WEARABLE CAP-LIKE DEVICE FOR THE TREATMENT OF ACTINIC KERATOSIS OF THE SCALP
摘要： Background: Daylight photodynamic therapy (dlPDT) is a painless and increasingly cost-effective treatment for actinic keratosis (AK). New protocols avoid incubation minimizing pain and adverse events. However, it is time-consuming and dependent on specific weather conditions. In patients with AK of the scalp, we evaluated the efficacy of indoor photodynamic therapy (PDT) using a wearable low-level light therapy (LLLT) device, without pre-incubation with a photosensitizing agent. Methods: In this pilot study, 27 patients with thin and moderately thick AK (Olsen Grades I-II) underwent a single 15-minute session of LLLT using a wearable cap-like device immediately after application of methyl-aminolevulinate (MAL) cream, with no prior preparation of the affected area. Treatment efficacy was quantified by measuring the reduction in AK lesion number and the AK quality of life (AKQoL) score. All AK lesions were mapped at baseline for follow-up 2 months later. Paired pre/post scalp biopsies from 5 patients were analysed using histological and immunohistochemical techniques (p53, p27, cyclin D1, p63, and Ki67 expression). Data were analysed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: In all patients we observed a global reduction in the number of AK lesions (71%; p<0.0001) and AKQoL score (from 5.6 to 4.4; p=0.034) 2 months after treatment. Histology and immunohistochemistry of skin biopsies from 5 patients also revealed marked improvements after LLLT. No patients reported any pain during treatment. Conclusion: PDT using LLLT is a rapid, painless, and efficacious modality for the treatment of AK.
关键词： helmet,skin cancer,low-level laser therapy,Actinic keratosis,photodynamic therapy,methylaminolevulinate
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Photobiomodulation for the treatment of retinal diseases: a review
摘要： Photobiomodulation (PBM), also known as low level laser therapy, has recently risen to the attention of the ophthalmology community as a promising new approach to treat a variety of retinal conditions including age-related macular degeneration, retinopathy of prematurity, diabetic retinopathy, Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy, amblyopia, methanol-induced retinal damage, and possibly others. This review evaluates the existing research pertaining to PBM applications in the retina, with a focus on the mechanisms of action and clinical outcomes. All available literature until April 2015 was reviewed using PubMed and the following keywords: 'photobiomodulation AND retina', 'low level light therapy AND retina', 'low level laser therapy AND retina', and 'FR/NIR therapy AND retina'. In addition, the relevant references listed within the papers identified through PubMed were incorporated. The literature supports the conclusion that the low-cost and non-invasive nature of PBM, coupled with the first promising clinical reports and the numerous preclinical-studies in animal models, make PBM well-poised to become an important player in the treatment of a wide range of retinal disorders. Nevertheless, large-scale clinical trials will be necessary to establish the PBM therapeutic ranges for the various retinal diseases, as well as to gain a deeper understanding of its mechanisms of action.
关键词： low level laser therapy,age-related macular degeneration,retinopathy of prematurity,photobiomodulation,retinal degeneration,amblyopia,far-red to near-infrared,methanol toxicity,retinitis pigmentosa
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Improvement in infected wound healing in type 1 diabetic rat by the synergistic effect of photobiomodulation therapy and conditioned medium
摘要： We investigated the effects of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) and conditioned medium (CM) of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBM‐MSC) individually and/or in combination on the stereological parameters and the expression of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF‐1α), and stromal cell–derived factor‐1α (SDF‐1α) in a wound model infected with methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in diabetic rats. CM was provided by culturing hBM‐MSCs. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) was induced in 72 rats, divided into four groups, harboring 18 rats each: group 1 served as a control group, group 2 received PBMT, group 3 received CM, and group 4 received CM + PBMT. On days 4, 7, and 15, six animals from each group were euthanized and the skin samples were separated for stereology examination and gene expression analysis by real‐time polymerase chain reaction. In the CM + PBMT, CM, and PBMT groups, significant decreases were induced in the number of neutrophils (1460 ± 93, 1854 ± 138, 1719 ± 248) and macrophages (539 ± 69, 804 ± 63, 912 ± 41), and significant increases in the number of fibroblasts (1073 ± 116, 836 ± 75, 912 ± 41) and angiogenesis (15 230 ± 516, 13 318 ± 1116, 14 041 ± 867), compared with those of the control group (2690 ± 371, 1139 ± 145, 566 ± 90, 12 585 ± 1219). Interestingly, the findings of the stereological examination in the CM + PBMT group were statistically more significant than those in the other groups. In the PBMT group, in most cases, the expression of bFGF, HIF‐1α, and SDF‐1α, on day 4 (27.7 ± 0.14, 28.8 ± 0.52, 27.5 ± 0.54) and day 7 (26.8 ± 1.4, 29.6 ± 1.4, 28.3 ± 1.2) were more significant than those in the control (day 4, 19.3 ± 0.42, 25.5 ± 0.08, 22.6 ± 0.04; day 7, 22.3 ± 0.22, 28.3 ± 0.59, 24.3 ± 0.19) and other treatment groups. The application of PBMT + CM induced anti-inflammatory and angiogenic activities, and hastened wound healing process in a T1 DM model of MRSA infected wound.
关键词： stereology,diabetes mellitus,diabetic foot ulcer,methicillin‐resistant staphylococcal aureus,low‐level laser therapy,phobiomodulation therapy,human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell‐conditioned medium,real‐time PCR,rat
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14