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High-resolution and fast-response optical waveguide temperature sensor using asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometer structure
摘要： We propose and demonstrate a high-resolution and fast-response optical waveguide temperature sensor based on asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) structure. The sensing region is composed of an asymmetric MZI structure, which consists of two different kinds of cores formed with commercial polymer materials EpoClad and Norland optical adhesive 73 (NOA 73), respectively, in the two arms. Due to the higher thermo-optic coefficient of NOA 73, the phase changes of the two MZI arms are different with the temperature which in turn induces output optical power variations, enabling simple and real-time temperature detection. The sensor exhibits a large sensitivity of ?1.685 ?C?1, high resolution of 1.48 × 10?3 ?C and fast response time of about 510 (cid:2)s. The advantages of high sensitivity and resolution, low-cost, competent integration and compatible with most biological assays make the designed sensor potential application in temperature detections of molecular analysis, biotechnology and chemical synthesis.
关键词： Mach-Zehnder interferometer,Polymer material,Thermo-optical effect,Optical waveguide sensor
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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ALL-OPTICAL LOGIC GATES BASED ON SPATIAL-SOLITON INTERACTIONS IN OPTICAL COMMUNICATION SPECTRAL REGION
摘要： New designs of all-optical logic gates based on spatial-soliton interactions in optical communication spectral regions were proposed. The proposed structures are composed of local nonlinear Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) waveguide structures with multi-input ports and two nonlinear output ports. They can be used to design various all-optical logic gates. The nonlinear MZI waveguide structure with local nonlinear waveguides functions like a phase shifter. It employs angular de?ection of spatial solitons controlled by the phase modulation created in the local nonlinear MZI. The light-induced index changes in the local nonlinear MZI waveguide structures break the symmetry of structure and make the output signal beam propagate through di?erent nonlinear output waveguides. By properly choosing the input control power, the spatial solitons will be switched to di?erent output ports. The numerical results show that the proposed local nonlinear MZI waveguide structures could really function as all-optical logic gates in the optical communication spectral region.
关键词： all-optical logic gates,spatial-soliton interactions,nonlinear waveguides,optical communication spectral regions,Mach-Zehnder interferometer
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Temperature sensitivity investigation of tapered plastic optical fiber-Mach Zehnder interferometer for sensor application
摘要： Mach Zehnder interferometer (MZI) based on plastic optical fiber (POF) is interesting due to its robustness and simple fabrication. In this work, MZI-POF was designed and its sensitivity to temperature change was characterized to investigate its performance for sensor application. The MZI-POF was fabricated by forming two tapers at several distance by simple heat-pull method. The spectra was investigated by launching white light emitting diode (LED) and the output were observed using VIS-NIR spectrometer. It is shown that the wavelength of spectrum peak and spectrum dip were shifted compared to that of un-tapered POF which indicates that the structure serves well as MZI. Sensor sensitivity to temperature was determined by measuring the spectrum for various temperature which was varied from 40oC to 80oC with increment of 5oC. The result showed that the sensor sensitivity is 0.0693nm/oC in terms of peak measurement and 0.0487nm/oC for dip measurement. Therefore, MZI-POF is a potential candidate for temperature sensor.
关键词： Mach Zehnder interferometer,temperature sensitivity,sensor application,plastic optical fiber
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Design of Linear Block Code Encoder and Decoder Using Electro-optical and All-optical Units
摘要： In this paper novel designs for linear block code encoder and decoder using optical techniques have been proposed. The structures are designed and simulated using lithium niobate based Mach–Zehnder Interferometer (LN-MZI) and nonlinear material MEH-PPV [poly (2-methoxy-5-(28-ethylhexyloxy)-PPV)] (plasmonic) based MZI (P-MZI). The proposed LN-MZI designs offer attractive parameters such as high extinction ratio (> 35 dB) and low insertion loss (< 0.095 dB), while the proposed P-MZI designs possess a compact structure (3,020–12,375 μm2). An analytical comparison between the two design methodologies and other earlier proposed designs is presented. Each design is presented with a verified mathematical structure. Other performance parameters like contrast ratio and amplitude modulation have also been computed for the presented designs.
关键词： electro-optic,Pockel effect,Kerr effect,error detection,syndrome bits,plasmonic,Mach–Zehnder interferometer,lithium niobate,parity,linear block code
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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An Integrated Photonic Electric-Field Sensor Utilizing a 1 × 2 YBB Mach-Zehnder Interferometric Modulator with a Titanium-Diffused Lithium Niobate Waveguide and a Dipole Patch Antenna
摘要： We studied photonic electric-?eld sensors using a 1 × 2 YBB-MZI modulator composed of two complementary outputs and a 3 dB directional coupler based on the electro-optic e?ect and titanium di?used lithium–niobate optical waveguides. The measured DC switching voltage and extinction ratio at the wavelength 1.3 μm were ~16.6 V and ~14.7 dB, respectively. The minimum detectable ?elds were ~1.12 V/m and ~3.3 V/m, corresponding to the ~22 dB and ~18 dB dynamic ranges of ~10 MHz and 50 MHz, respectively, for an rf power of 20 dBm. The sensor shows an almost linear response to the applied electric-?eld strength within the range of 0.29 V/m to 29.8 V/m.
关键词： titanium di?used optical channel waveguide,lithium–niobate electro-optic e?ect,photonic electric-?eld sensor,Y-fed balanced-bridge Mach-Zehnder interferometer (YBB-MZI)
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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[IEEE 2018 IEEE 15th International Conference on Group IV Photonics (GFP) - Cancun (2018.8.29-2018.8.31)] 2018 IEEE 15th International Conference on Group IV Photonics (GFP) - 20-Gb/s Silicon Optical Modulators for the 2 μm Wavelength Band
摘要： We demonstrate silicon-on-insulator based high speed modulators working at a wavelength of 1950 nm. The carrier-depletion Mach-Zehnder interferometer modulator operates at a data rate of 20 Gbit/s with an extinction ratio of 5.8 dB and modulation efficiency (VπLπ) of 2.68 Vcm at 4 V reverse bias.
关键词： high speed modulators,1950 nm,carrier-depletion,silicon-on-insulator,Mach-Zehnder interferometer
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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An Empirical Study of In-Fiber Mach-Zehnder Interferometer’s Nonlinear Temperature Response
摘要： In this paper, we explore an empirical model capable to describe the nonlinear temperature response of in-fiber Mach–Zehnder interferometers (MZI). This model describes the nonlinear and linear response ranges with the same accuracy. It shows how the refractive index of the silica and the surroundings, including their thermo-optic coefficients, contribute to the temperature sensitivity (TS). It is also capable of predicting maxima and minima values for the TS, as well the conditions for the linear response to the temperature. Five different surroundings have been tested: air, water, ethanol, turpentine, and kerosene, in a temperature ranging from 20°C to 45°C. The resulting experimental TS values have ranged from 50 pm/°C to 1000 pm/°C. At 20°C, the calculated theoretical minimum and maximum TS were 45 pm/°C and 5377 pm/°C. We also show that this model can be applied to calculate temperature from wavelength measurements with arbitrary precision, as well as it can be used to identify substances through wavelength and temperature measurements.
关键词： Mach-Zehnder interferometer,cascaded long period grating,tunable temperature sensitivity,nonlinear response,Optical fiber sensor
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Simultaneous measurement of strain, temperature and refractive index based on a fiber Bragg grating and an in-line Mach–Zehnder interferometer
摘要： A simple sensor for simultaneous measurement of strain, temperature and refractive index (RI) is proposed and demonstrated. The sensor is based on a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) combined with an in-line Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI). MZI is formed by introducing a section of thinned core fiber (TCF) between two segments of multimode fiber (MMF). The two MMFs act as couplers that can excite high-order modes and recouple core mode and high-order modes into lead-out SMF, the function of this structure is to form inter-modes interference. The maximum interference fringe visibility exceed 20 dB. By monitoring the wavelength shifts of FBG and interference dips, simultaneous measurement of strain, temperature and RI can be achieved. The experimental results show that the maximum sensitivity of the sensor for strain, temperature and RI are -2.14 pm/με, 35.2 pm/°C and 32.93 nm/RIU, respectively. The proposed sensor has the advantages of easy fabrication, high fringe visibility and high sensitivities. Therefore, it has potential applications in multi-parameters simultaneous measurement.
关键词： Temperature,Refractive index,Mach-Zehnder interferometer,Strain,Fiber Bragg grating
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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[IEEE 2018 7th International Conference on Computer and Communication Engineering (ICCCE) - Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (2018.9.19-2018.9.20)] 2018 7th International Conference on Computer and Communication Engineering (ICCCE) - Simulation of a modified dual Mach-Zehnder interferometric perimeter intrusion detection system
摘要： This paper discusses the modeling and simulation of a modified dual Mach-Zehnder interferometric sensor based perimeter intrusion detection system. First, the operating principle of the phase modulation of the optical fiber is described and the basic Mach-Zehnder interferometer and the operating principle of modified dual Mach-Zehnder interferometric perimeter intrusion detection system (MDMZIPIDS) are described. A thorough simulation model of the system, considering its optic components and all possible noise sources are established in expanded matrix form. In order to conform to the realistic simulation model, a detailed derivation of the fence vibration pertinent to its physics and mechanical properties is discussed. Finally, this paper presents the simulation results of the system, and compare them with the experimental results. From this, non-ideal components cause only the magnitude difference of the outputs received by photodetectors in MDMZIPIDS. With visibility noise and the polarization-induced noise, the system will be affected somehow, and with a larger force, the accuracy of the estimated intrusion position will be higher.
关键词： fence mode,Mach-Zehnder interferometer,perimeter,intrusion
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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AIP Conference Proceedings [Author(s) 4TH ELECTRONIC AND GREEN MATERIALS INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2018 (EGM 2018) - Bandung, Indonesia (27–28 July 2018)] - Photonic crystal fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer pH sensing
摘要： In this paper, a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) pH sensor is demonstrated based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI). Two sensors were fabricated. The general structure of sensor consists of a small portion of PCF spliced between two single mode fibers (SMFs). As a result of coupling between the core and the cladding modes within the PCF, the MZI was formed. The sensing region was immersed in different pH solutions. The sensitivity of 2 cm sensor is equal to 101 nm/pH RI and 124 nm/pH RI for 3 cm.
关键词： Photonic crystal fiber,pH sensing,Mach-Zehnder interferometer
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46