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[IEEE 2018 31st International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference (IVNC) - Kyoto, Japan (2018.7.9-2018.7.13)] 2018 31st International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference (IVNC) - Study of multi-function electron gun based on CNTs cathode
摘要： A multi-function electron gun is demonstrated in this work. Through the grid type focusing electrode of the electron gun, the electron gun integrates the function of vacuum measurement. The simulation results reveal that the electron gun has ability to focus the electron beam. And its vacuum measurement range is from 10-6 to 10-3 Pa. The multi-function electron gun has practical application value in small scale vacuum electronic devices.
关键词： multi-function,vacuum measurement,focusing,electron gun
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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[Springer Theses] Electrical Properties of Indium Arsenide Nanowires and Their Field-Effect Transistors || Fabrication, Characterization and Parameter?Extraction of InAs Nanowire-Based Device
摘要： Nanofabrication, low noise electrical measurement and various nanoscale characterization methods are frequently used in the study. This chapter will give as introduction on the growth method, fabrication techniques, characterization methods of materials and devices, measurement systems, and way to extract the electrical parameters of InAs nanowires FET devices.
关键词： Parameter extraction,Fabrication of nanowire devices,Electrical measurement,Structural characterization
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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[IEEE 2018 VII. Lighting Conference of the Visegrad Countries (Lumen V4) - Trebic, Czech Republic (2018.9.18-2018.9.20)] 2018 VII. Lighting Conference of the Visegrad Countries (Lumen V4) - The Uncertainty of Measurement of Spectroradiometric System with Double Monochromator
摘要： This article has task to inform a reader about uncertainties of measurement of spectroradiometric systems with double monochromator. Uncertainty of measurement is very important for all photometric measurements and calculations. Spectroradiometric system’s uncertainty is dependent on wavelength and is difficult to estimate uncertainty of measurement for photometric parameters calculated from measured spectrum. In the first part of this article there is theory necessary for understanding uncertainty analyses and description of construction of spectroradiometric system with double monochromator. In the second part there is practical uncertainty analysis of double monochromator in light laboratory and its results.
关键词： spectral irradiance,correlated color temperature,double monochromator,color rendering index,Uncertainty of measurement
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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[IEEE 2018 VII. Lighting Conference of the Visegrad Countries (Lumen V4) - Trebic, Czech Republic (2018.9.18-2018.9.20)] 2018 VII. Lighting Conference of the Visegrad Countries (Lumen V4) - Novel Method of Total Spectral Radiant Flux Standard Realization
摘要： Modern metrology of SSL sources requires a modified approach to future realization of reference standards. This is caused by the fact that traditional broad band and omni-directional light sources used are being replaced by high intensity sources with a specific directional light intensity distribution. At the same time the importance of LED lighting quality assurance is increasing as this new type of lighting is currently replacing traditional light sources in many applications. The specifics of an integrating sphere-spectroradiometer measurement system require the calibration with the use of a reference standard with known Spectral Radiant Flux Distribution, Luminous flux as well as the Luminous Intensity Distribution (LID) to compensate for the sphere system non-uniform reflectance properties. This way the accuracy of the sphere system calibration will allow to measure various types of LED products in conformance with the EN 13032-4:2015, LED lamps, modules and luminaires modules, lamps regardless of their spatial distribution properties. This paper will cover basic concepts and details of a novel method of Total Spectral Radiant Flux (TSRF) realization and description of a TSRF standard facility developed for the Russian National Metrology Institute – VNIIOFI, Moscow. The method (and the developed facility) is based on a goniospectroradiometer system traceable to a standard Black Body and allowing the calibration of a light source in terms of TSRF and additionally providing LID data of the source.
关键词： calibration,measurement,total spectral radiant flux
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Measurement of Directional Spectral Emissivity at High Temperatures
摘要： Emissivity is a signi?cant parameter to describe the thermal radiation characteristics of the objects. It has important applications in thermal control of spacecrafts, highly ef?cient use of solar energy, buildings’ energy insulation and saving, and so on. Besides, more attention is attached to selective control of thermal emission by using micro-/nanostructures. In this work, to measure directional spectral emissivity, a measurement facility is developed which includes a sample heater with temperature control, a blackbody source, mirror assembly and a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer with different detectors. A sample heater is designed, and by using ceramic electric heaters, samples can be heated up to 1400 K at a high heating speed. And a new kind of water-cooled surface of the sample heating unit is designed to reduce the error by reducing the thermal radiation from surface of the heating unit so that measurement accuracy is improved. An electro-controlling rotating stage is adopted, and measuring angle is up to 60°. A SiC wafer is used as the reference to test the directional spectral emissivity measurement facility, and uncertainty is estimated.
关键词： High temperatures,Measurement,Directional emissivity,Spectra
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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[IEEE 2018 VII. Lighting Conference of the Visegrad Countries (Lumen V4) - Trebic, Czech Republic (2018.9.18-2018.9.20)] 2018 VII. Lighting Conference of the Visegrad Countries (Lumen V4) - Modern Lighting Audits - Technology Supporting Designers and Contractors to Verify Lighting Installation Quality
摘要： This paper provides a detailed description of a novel solution which combines the CAD lighting design software with the on-site measurement. New technology illuminance spectroradiometers able to handle measurement procedure to verify lighting levels and other quality measures using CAD plans as a reference and reporting illuminance level back to the design software. It also discusses the use of Imaging Luminance Measurement Devices in the practical verification of luminance levels inside and outside buildings. Available design tools support designers with calculation and simulation of luminance levels but little is available when the onsite software and hardware tools are available for onsite verification. This is especially critical for verification of architectural and road lighting installation.
关键词： lighting evaluation,verifying lighting levels,lighting audits,illuminance spectroradiometers,Imaging Luminance Measurement Devices
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Flicker Limit Compliance Assessment in the Presence of Background Disturbances
摘要： Assessing voltage fluctuations in the power system is necessary to prevent negative impacts to customers and the connected equipment. A flickermeter can be used to measure a flicker severity level that is based on the total voltage fluctuation present at a measurement point. The flickermeter can only assess the total flicker level at the measurement point; it cannot identify any individual network user’s contribution. For the purposes of limit compliance assessment, it is essential to have the ability to determine each user’s contribution. A measurement algorithm for accomplishing this task is presented in this paper. The algorithm is based on using measured voltages and user currents to determine the user complex power, and from the complex power and an online estimate of the network impedance, estimate the voltage fluctuation that the user would produce, if acting alone, at the measurement point. These estimated voltage fluctuations are used as inputs to the flickermeter so that the resultant flicker severity value reflects only the contribution of the individual user. Fourteen weeks of field test results are correlated with user demand data to demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach, and the traditional concepts of weekly percentiles, flicker summation, and background flicker are employed to validate the results.
关键词： power quality,RMS flicker measurement,voltage fluctuations,flicker discriminator,Flickermeter
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Miniaturized Planar Sensor Development
摘要： This paper describes the process of developing a miniature device with planar sensors utilizing electrical capacitance measurement. The project investigates the feasibility and characterization of a miniaturized planar sensor integrated on a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) chamber. A 16-planar-electrodes array, with each dimension of the electrode, 4 mm × 2 mm (length × width) was fabricated using a printed circuit board (PCB) technology due to its low cost advantage. The measurement chamber for the sensing area was fabricated using PDMS. The PDMS chamber was bonded on the PCB with a semi cured PDMS to create a round sensing area for sample loading. The mould to develop the PDMS chamber was designed using AutoCAD 2010 and was fabricated using a 3D printer. Capacitance measurement of the planar electrodes was carried out using water as the sample and was validated using a theoretical calculation. Experimental result shows that the distance of the measured electrodes is inversely proportional to the capacitance value. The range of the measured capacitances of the measurement varies from 10 pF to 20 pF. The result shows that the planar sensors are able to provide capacitance measurement within the miniaturized platform where the measured capacitance showed good agreement with the theoretical calculation.
关键词： printed circuit board (PCB),Planar sensors,capacitance measurement,polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Development of low cost packaged fibre optic sensors for use in reinforced concrete structures
摘要： There is an ongoing need to measure strains in reinforced concrete structures more reliably and under a range of circumstances e.g. long term durability (such as effects of cracking and reinforcement corrosion), response to normal working loads and response under abnormal load conditions. Fibre optic sensors have considerable potential for this purpose and have the additional advantages, including of immunity to electromagnetic interference and light weight (Grattan et al, 2000). This is important in railway scenarios and particularly so when the lines are electrified. Their small size allows for easy installation. However, their use as commercial ‘packaged’ devices (traditionally seen as necessary to achieve adequate robustness) is limited by their high cost relative to other sensor devices such as encapsulated electric resistance strain gauges. This paper describes preliminary work to produce a cost-effective and easy-to-use technique for encapsulating fibre optic sensors in resin using 3D printing techniques to produce a robust, inexpensive ‘packaged’ sensor system suitable for use with concrete structures. The work done to date has shown this to be a convenient and economical way of producing multiple sensors which were suitable for both surface mounting and embedment in reinforced concrete structures. The proof-of-concept testing to which the trial packages were subjected is described in the paper and the results indicate that 3D printed packages have considerable potential for further development and use in a variety of civil engineering applications, competing well with more conventional sensor systems.
关键词： encapsulation,reinforced concrete,3D printing,Fibre optic sensor,strain measurement
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Simple and ultrafast resonance frequency and dissipation shift measurements using a fixed frequency drive
摘要： A new method for determination of resonance frequency and dissipation of a mechanical oscillator is presented. Analytical expressions derived using the Butterworth-Van Dyke equivalent electrical circuit allow the determination of resonance frequency and dissipation directly from each impedance datapoint acquired at a fixed amplitude and frequency of drive, with no need for numerical fitting or measurement dead time unlike the conventional impedance or ring-down analysis methods. This enables an ultrahigh time resolution and superior noise performance with relatively simple instrumentation. Quantitative validations were carried out successfully against the impedance analysis method for inertial and viscous loading experiments on a 14.3 MHz quartz crystal resonator (QCR). Resonance frequency shifts associated with the transient processes of quick needle touches on a thiol self-assembled-monolayer functionalised QCR in liquid were measured with a time resolution of 112 μs, which is nearly two orders of magnitude better than the fastest reported quartz crystal microbalance. This simple and fast fixed frequency drive (FFD) based method for determination of resonance frequency and dissipation is potentially more easily multiplexable and implementable on a single silicon chip delivering economies of scale.
关键词： Quartz crystal microbalance,Dissipation shift,Realtime monitoring,Acoustic sensor,Resonance frequency shift,Time resolution of biomolecular process measurement
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21