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Enhanced electrical conductivity of silver nanoparticles decorated fabrics with sandwich micro-structure coating layer based on “silver colloid effect”
摘要： Surface modification of nonconductor fabric substrate for enhancing electrical conductivity is a desirable work of flexible wearable devices. In our work, silver conductive layer with sandwich micro-structure was decorated on polyester fabric, and such a sandwich micro-structure layer is composed of the inner polyurethane (PU) as the interface binder, the filling layer of the precipitating silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as the conductive path via in-situ chemical synthesis, the outer PU layer as the shielding layer. The obtained sandwich micro-structure PET fabric possessed six orders of magnitude higher conductivity than that of the case without sandwich micro-structure. Such marvelous increasing conductivity can be attributed to the “silver colloid effect” which is deemed as approximation of conductive principle of silver conductive adhesives. The present study provides a potential strategy and theoretical basis for the preparation of low concentration silver conductive fabrics.
关键词： Silver colloid effect,Nanoparticles,Quantum tunnelling effect,Sandwich micro-structure,Polymers
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Multi-field dependence responses and their micro-structure analysis in YBa <sub/>2</sub> Cu <sub/>3</sub> O <sub/>7a??x</sub> -based second-generation coated conductors with different protective layers by Nd-laser irradiations
摘要： High-temperature superconductors (HTS) are materials that hold great promise for future particle-accelerator plants. YBa2Cu3O7-x-based (YBCO) second-generation coated conductor coils can produce the intense field needed for ion confinement. Such coils can act as a radiation resistance magnet when exposed to radiation, and therefore, it is essential to better understand irradiation responses and defect creation in YBCO superconductors. The influence of laser or ion irradiation on the electrical characteristics of HTS has been studied previously; however, most results remain ambiguous and inconsistent. Degradation of or incremental changes in the critical current of the HTS tap are currently only observed and explained via irradiation dose. The relation between irradiation defects and macro-multi-field responses has yet to be established for YBCO tapes, for magnet design and operation. In this study, YBCO (2 G HTS) taps with Ag, Cu–Ag, and Cu protective cap layers were selected as targets of Nd-laser irradiation, at varying power. Irradiation defects were formed in YBCO taps, and irradiation dose was monitored as a function of superconducting properties and mechanical behaviors. The critical current and its N-values eventually degrade under intense Nd-laser irradiation, and the mechanical behavior of YBCO tapes shows nonlinear features after irradiation. Scanning electron microscopy and x-ray energy-dispersive spectrometry were applied to investigate the micro-defect changes that occurred in the taps after each Nd-laser irradiation dose. Micro-structural observations showed that the protective layers were critical for radiation resistance in YBCO taps. Furthermore, the macro-stress dependence of the critical current field was measured before and after Nd-laser irradiation to establish the relationship with micro-defect morphology by Nd-laser irradiation.
关键词： micro-structure analysis,YBa2Cu3O7-x,critical current,High-temperature superconductors,Nd-laser irradiation
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Review: Surface Texturing Methods for Solar Cell Efficiency Enhancement
摘要： Demand for renewable energy continually increases due to environmental pollution and resource depletion caused by the increased use of fossil fuels. Among the various renewable energies, the solar cell developed by numerous researchers has been widely used because of its advantages, including ease of use and low maintenance cost. However, problems, such as efficiency, waste treatment, and light pollution, also raise concerns. The largest drawback of solar cell has been the low energy conversion efficiency arising from optical loss. To improve solar cell efficiency, numerous studies have been conducted, and thus, various solutions were developed in recent decades. In this review, the principle and application of surface texturization methods utilizing micro/nano scale structure on the surfaces of solar cells are elaborated in detail. These texturized surfaces with unique optical properties can be implemented as anti-reflective or light-trapping interfaces to reduce optical loss and thus enhance the efficiency of solar cells. Optical properties of texturized surfaces and applied examples are introduced in this review.
关键词： Optical path length enhancement,Nano structure,Micro structure,Solar cell,Anti-reflection
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[IEEE 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC) - Munich, Germany (2019.6.23-2019.6.27)] 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC) - Towards a Sub-9 fs, 3 mJ, CEP-Stable Multipass Ti:Sapphire Amplifier
摘要： A Taguchi-based genetic algorithm (TBGA) is adopted in an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) to optimize the micro-structure parameters of backlight modules (BLMs) in liquid-crystal displays. The method reduces the number of experiments and accumulates the data that indicate performance quality of the modules. The TBGA selects appropriate membership functions and optimizes the premise and consequent parameters by minimizing the performance criterion of root-mean-squared error. The results indicate that the ANFIS with TBGA is significantly superior to ANFIS with particle swarm optimization, ANFIS with GA, and conventional ANFIS for designing the BLM model. Another role of the TBGA is optimizing micro-structure parameters for the backlight module. The results confirm excellent outcome of the TBGA-based ANFIS approach in terms of prediction accuracy, cost reduction, and luminance uniformity. Far more superior results were obtained when compared with those reported in the literature using conventional trial-and-error design methods and even Taguchi-based design methods. Fuzzy model in nature, our approach is applicable generally to industrial product designs and, thus, offers an effective route to solving problems in various industries.
关键词： backlight module,micro-structure parameter,Taguchi genetic algorithm,Adaptive network fuzzy inference system
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[IEEE 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC) - Munich, Germany (2019.6.23-2019.6.27)] 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC) - Realization and Numerical Simulation of a High Power and High Efficiency Holmium Doped Fiber Laser at 2.1 ??m
摘要： We present a novel design and fabrication process using the hydrophilic con?nement effect and a 3-D printer for producing convex and concave microlenses on top of light-emitting diodes. We use energy conservation and a lawnmower algorithm to design a freeform lens, and transform it into heterogeneous microlenses. The diameters of the microlenses on top of the light-emitting diode are 500 and 200 μm for the concave and convex shapes, respectively. Heterogeneous microlenses are printed on a glass substrate using the hydrophilic con?nement effect of SU-8 photoresist and an inkjet printer. Then, the array is copied with a mold made by a 3-D printer for the replication process. In the replication process, the mold is ?lled with polydimethylsiloxane to reproduce heterogeneous microlenses. Experimental results show that this heterogeneous microlens array improves the light distribution uniformity of a light-emitting diode from 17% to 63%.
关键词： light-emitting diode (LED),microlenses,Freeform lens,micro-structure on LED
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Effects of initial density during laser machining assisted CVI process and its influence on strength of C/SiC composites
摘要： Novel laser-assisted chemical vapor infiltration (LA-CVI) technique has been used to improve the density and strength of carbon fiber reinforced SiC composites (C/SiC). Initial density of C/SiC before laser machining played an important role in determining the final density and strength of composites. Results show that final density and bending strength of lower initial density composites were better than that of higher initial density samples after LA-CVI process, while the porosity exhibited opposite behavior. Micro-CT and COMSEL simulation results verify that after LA-CVI process, dense band width of C/SiC with initial density of 1.5 g/cm3 was twice as that of C/SiC with initial density of 1.8 g/cm3. This led to crack propagation bypassing the micro-hole. In conclusion, low initial density when laser machining was carried out resulted in better properties of final composites.
关键词： Bending strength,LA-CVI,C/SiC composites,Micro-structure
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[IEEE 2019 28th IEEE International Conference on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN) - New Delhi, India (2019.10.14-2019.10.18)] 2019 28th IEEE International Conference on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN) - Teaching Method for Robota??s Gripper Posture with a Laser Sensor on a Pan-tilt Actuator: A Method for Specifying Posture Feature Curves and Posture Feature Point <sup>*</sup>
摘要： We present a novel design and fabrication process using the hydrophilic con?nement effect and a 3-D printer for producing convex and concave microlenses on top of light-emitting diodes. We use energy conservation and a lawnmower algorithm to design a freeform lens, and transform it into heterogeneous microlenses. The diameters of the microlenses on top of the light-emitting diode are 500 and 200 μm for the concave and convex shapes, respectively. Heterogeneous microlenses are printed on a glass substrate using the hydrophilic con?nement effect of SU-8 photoresist and an inkjet printer. Then, the array is copied with a mold made by a 3-D printer for the replication process. In the replication process, the mold is ?lled with polydimethylsiloxane to reproduce heterogeneous microlenses. Experimental results show that this heterogeneous microlens array improves the light distribution uniformity of a light-emitting diode from 17% to 63%.
关键词： Freeform lens,light-emitting diode (LED),micro-structure on LED,microlenses
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Control of adhesion force for micro LED transfer using a magnetorheological elastomer
摘要： Liquid crystal display and organic light emitting diode (LED) account for most of the display market. Globally, micro LED has gained wide attention. A microchip must be moved on the substrate correctly to mass-produce micro LED displays. The original method of moving microchips uses a polymer stamp to control adhesion, such as changing contact force and separation velocity. However, this method causes the problem of repeatability. In this study, a stamp is produced based on biomaterial engineering that controls the characteristic of the material surface using microstructures. The magnetorheological elastomer is used, which can control mechanical properties according to the magnetic field. Furthermore, the possibility of the pick and place process for microchips is analyzed.
关键词： Adhesion force,MRE (magnetorheological elastomer),Photolithography,Micro-structure
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Micro-structured optical fiber magnetic field sensor based on magnetic fluid filling
摘要： A novel micro-structured fiber magnetic field sensor based on magnetic fluid (MF) filling is proposed. The air hole radius in the cladding of fiber is reduced from inner layer to outer layer, and the numerical analysis is performed by the finite element method (FEM). For the x-pol mode, the proposed sensor has an average sensitivity of 960.61 pm/Oe, and for the y-pol mode, the average sensitivity can reach 884.85 pm/Oe. The sensor has the advantages of small size and high sensitivity and is competitive in magnetic field sensors.
关键词： magnetic fluid,sensor,Micro-structure optical fiber
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Temperature Induces Self-assembly of Silicon Nano/Micro-structure based on Multi-physics Approach
摘要： A three-dimensional dynamic model for nano/micro-fabrications of silicon was presented. With the developed model, the fabrication process of silicon on nothing (SON) structure was quantitatively investigated. We employ a diffuse interface model that incorporates the mechanism of surface diffusion. The mechanism of the fabrication is systematically integrated for high reliability of computational analysis. A semi-implicit Fourier spectral scheme is applied for high efficiency and numerical stability. Moreover, the theoretical analysis provides the guidance that is ordered by the fundamental geometrical design parameters to guide different fabrications of SON structures. The performed simulations suggest a substantial potential of the presented model for a reliable design technology of nano/micro-fabrications.
关键词： nano/micro-structure,phase field model,self-assembly,silicon on nothing
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36