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Effects of Far-Red LED Light on the Growth and Development of Tomato Seedlings in a Closed Seedling Production System
摘要： Year-round tomato cultivation needs high-quality seedlings with stem length and node position of the first flower truss controlled at suitable values. Generally, shade avoidance syndrome (SAS) promotes stem elongation and alters flowering time under natural sun- light. The objective of this study was to develop a method for controlling the stem elon- gation and flowering of tomato seedlings in a closed seedling production system (CSPS) with light emitting diodes (LEDs). We conducted two experiments to investigate how the artificial light environment induces SAS to control stem elongation and flowering. In Ex- periment 1, which examined the effect of end-of-day light (EOD-light), the phytochrome photostationary states (PSS) of the treatments were 0.56 for EOD-blue treatment, 0.89 for EOD-red (R) treatment, and 0.13 for EOD-far red (FR) treatment. Stem elongation was promoted more with EOD-FR treatment compared to the control. No significant differenc- es among the treatments were observed for the node position of the first flower truss. Therefore, although the EOD-FR treatment did not promote flowering, it did induce SAS. In Experiment 2, which examined the effect of FR light quantity in the CSPS, we repro- duced light environment conditions within the canopy at the time of the second nursery in a greenhouse and investigated how much the R/FR ratio induced SAS by adjusting the FR light quantity. The light environment conditions were tested at 150 nmol m-2 s-1 of total photosynthetic photon flux density with four FR light quantities (0, 50, 100, or 150 nmol m-2 s-1). There was no significant differences among the treatments for the node position of the first flower truss, and the stem elongation with FR50, FR100, and FR150 treatments was greater than that at FR0. These results suggested that the PSS, which was less than or equal to 0.72 during the light period (16 h), induced SAS. Thus, light environmental control with LEDs with EOD-FR or a low R/FR ratio is not suitable for the CSPS because it does not promote flowering of tomato seedlings.
关键词： red/far-red ratio,end-of-day far-red,phytochrome phytostationary state,morphogenesis
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Fundamentals and Applications of Red Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) <i>In Vitro</i> Plant Growth on Tomato <i>Lycopersicon esculentum Mill</i>
摘要： The aim of these studies was mainly to investigate the effects of monochromatic LEDs applied singly on the in vitro plant growth and morphogenesis. Various morphological and physiological parameters are considered that influence the growth and development of plants in vitro under red LED light as compared to those under normal light. Upon exposure to LED, in vitro-raised plants have shown significant improvements in growth and morphogenesis. In particular, red and blue lights, either alone or in combination, have a significant influence on plant growth. The present study gives an overview of the fundamentals of LEDs and describes their effects on in vitro plant growth and morphogenesis and their future potentials. The main objective of this study was to carry out line and combing ability of plant growth on tomato.
关键词： Solid-state lighting,Light-emitting diode,In vitro morphogenesis,Spectral quality
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Smart Plant Factory (The Next Generation Indoor Vertical Farms) || The Quality and Quality Shifting of the Night Interruption Light Affect the Morphogenesis and Flowering in Floricultural Plants
摘要： The effects of the quality of night interruption (NI) on the morphogenesis and flowering were investigated in Petunia hybrida Hort. “Easy Wave Pink” (qualitative long-day plant), Pelargonium × hortorum L.H. Bailey “Ringo 2000 Violet” (day-neutral plant), and Dendranthema grandiflorum “gaya yellow” (qualitative short-day plant). Plants were grown in a closed-type plant factory under a light intensity of 180 μmol·m?2·s?1 PPFD (photosynthetic photon flux density) provided by white (W) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) under a condition of either long day (LD, 16 h light/8 h dark), short day (SD, 10 h light/14 h dark), or SD with 4 h NI. NI was provided by 10 ± 3 μmol·m?2·s?1 PPFD.
关键词： Day-neutral plant,Long-day plant,Light quality,Morphogenesis,Flowering control,Short-day plant
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Spatio-temporal regulation of Rx and mitotic patterns shape the eye-cup of the photoreceptor cells in Ciona
摘要： The ascidian larva has a pigmented ocellus comprised of a cup-shaped array of approximately 30 photoreceptor cells, a pigment cell, and three lens cells. Morphological, physiological and molecular evidence has suggested evolutionary kinship between the ascidian larval photoreceptors and vertebrate retinal and/or pineal photoreceptors. Rx, an essential factor for vertebrate photoreceptor development, has also been suggested to be involved in the development of the ascidian photoreceptor cells, but a recent revision of the photoreceptor cell lineage raised a crucial discrepancy between the reported expression patterns of Rx and the cell lineage. Here, we report spatio-temporal expression patterns of Rx at single-cell resolution along with mitotic patterns up to the final division of the photoreceptor-lineage cells in Ciona. The expression of Rx commences in non-photoreceptor a-lineage cells on the right side of the anterior sensory vesicle at the early tailbud stage. At the mid tailbud stage, Rx begins to be expressed in the A-lineage photoreceptor cell progenitors located on the right side of the posterior sensory vesicle. Thus, Rx is specifically but not exclusively expressed in the photoreceptor-lineage cells in the ascidian embryo. Two cis-regulatory modules are shown to be important for the photoreceptor-lineage expression of Rx. The cell division patterns of the photoreceptor-lineage cells rationally explain the generation of the cup-shaped structure of the pigmented ocellus. The present findings demonstrate the complete cell lineage of the ocellus photoreceptor cells and provide a framework elucidating the molecular and cellular mechanisms of photoreceptor development in Ciona.
关键词： Ascidian,Photoreceptor cell,Ciona,Rx,Morphogenesis
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46