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Cadmium sulfide quantum dots impact Arabidopsis thaliana physiology and morphology
摘要： The differential mechanisms of CdS QDs (Quantum Dots) and Cd ion toxicity to Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh were investigated. Plants were exposed to 40 and 60 mg L-1 for CdS QDs and 76.9 and 115.2 mg L-1 CdSO4·7H2O and toxicity was evaluated at 5, 20, 35 (T5, T20, T35) days after exposure. Oxidative stress upon exposure was evaluated by biochemical essays targeting non-enzymatic oxidative stress physiological parameters, including respiration efficiency, total chlorophylls, carotenoids, ABTS and DPPH radicals reduction, total phenolics, GSH redox state, lipid peroxidation. Total Cd in plants was measured with AAS. Root and leaf morphology and element content were assessed in vivo utilizing low-vacuum Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (ESEM) with X-ray microanalysis (EDX). This integrated approach allowed identification of unique nanoscale CdS QDs toxicity to the plants that was distinct from CdSO4 exposure. The analyses highlighted that CdS QDs and Cd ions effects are modulated by the developmental stage of the plant, starting from T20 till T35 the plant development was modulated by the treatments, in particular CdS QDs induced early flowering. Both treatments induced Fe accumulation in roots, but at different intensities, while CdS QDs was associated with Mn increase into plant leaf. CdSO4 elicited higher levels of oxidative stress compared with QDs, especially the former treatment caused more intense respiration damages and reduction in chlorophyll and carotenoids than the latter. The two types of treatments impact differently on root and leaf morphology.
关键词： oxidative stress,morphology,Arabidopsis thaliana,Iron,ESEM/EDX,CdS QDs
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Formation of Antifriction Alloys on the Metal Materials Surface by Laser Radiation
摘要： In this paper, we present the results of an investigation of the production of antifriction coating based on tin bronze using continuous laser radiation. The powder material was uniformly distributed on a copper substrate and subjected to laser melting under various experimental conditions. X-ray diffraction analysis of the obtained samples was carried out, topology, morphology and tribology of the surface were studied.
关键词： powder,laser action,morphology,bronze coating,melting
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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New Antimony-Based Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Material as Electron Extraction Layer for Efficient and Stable Polymer Solar Cells
摘要： Hybrid organic-inorganic materials are a new class of material used as interfacial layers in polymer solar cells. A hybrid material, composed of antimony as inorganic part and diaminopyridine as organic part, is synthesized and described as a new material for electron extraction layer in polymer solar cells and compared to the recently demonstrated hybrid materials using bismuth instead of antimony. The hybrid compound is solution-processed onto the photoactive layer based on a classical blend, composed of PTB7-Th low bandgap polymer as donor mixed with PC70BM fullerene as acceptor material. By using a regular device structure and an aluminum cathode, the solar cells exhibited a power conversion efficiency of 8.42%, equivalent to the reference device using ZnO nanocrystals as interfacial layer, and strongly improved compared to bismuth-based hybrid material. The processing of extraction layers up to a thickness of 80 nm of such hybrid material reveals that the change from bismuth to antimony has strongly improved the charge extraction and transport properties of the hybrid materials. Interestingly, nanocomposites made of the hybrid material mixed with ZnO nanocrystals in a 1:1 ratio further improved the electronic properties of the extraction layers, leading to power conversion efficiency of 9.74%. This was addressed to a more closely packed morphology of the hybrid layer, leading to further improved electron extraction. It is important to note that these hybrid electron extraction layers, both pure and ZnO-doped, also greatly improved the stability of solar cells, both under dark storage in air and under lighting under inert atmosphere compared to solar cells treated with ZnO intermediate layers.
关键词： solar cell,morphology,hybrid material,electron extraction,nanocrystals,interfacial layer
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Studying the spatial and temporal changes in aeolian sand transport in a wind tunnel using 3D terrestrial laser scanning
摘要： The spatial and temporal changes in aeolian sand transport are important in modeling wind erosion and parameterizing sand dunes and ripples. In this study, we explored the wind erosion processes that occur in sand beds using a Trimble 3D laser scanner. We found that the erosion intensity varied with distance along the sand bed and that the sand bed surface could be divided into three zones. In the pre-bowl zone, the sand bed surface showed small and uniform variation, indicating weak erosion intensity in this zone. Downwind of the pre-bowl zone, the bowl zone developed where the sand surface was eroded seriously and a kind of morphology analogous to blowouts occurred. The post-bowl zone, which followed the bowl zone, was characterized by alternating accumulation and erosion. Wind velocity affected the spatial development of this bed morphology, whereas the erosion duration only affected the erosion depth. We developed an equation of the form QL = Qsat/(1+e(-10(L-s)/k)) to describe the relationship between sediment flux (QL) and bed length (L) in the pre-bowl and bowl zones and found the fitting coefficients R2 were very high (1.0, 0.98, 0.97 at wind velocities 10.0, 11.0 and 12.0 m s-1, respectively). Using a fine spatial resolution for the measurements revealed features of the sand flux profile that were missed at coarser resolution. However, it will be necessary to use a longer sand bed to study the full length of the post-bowl zone.
关键词： erosion depth,sand bed,fetch,bed morphology,dynamic changes
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Growth of multi-morphology amorphous silicon oxycarbide nanowires during the laser ablation of polymer-derived silicon carbonitride
摘要： Multi-morphology amorphous SiOC nanowires were successfully prepared within the interfacial interstices between the una?ected SiCN ceramic and the bracket during the laser ablation of polymer-derived SiCN ceramic in a low-pressure argon atmosphere. Laser irradiation experiments were performed using a continuous-wave CO2 laser, and the gas source for the growth of amorphous SiOC nanowires was provided by the laser ablation of the SiCN ceramic. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows that the amorphous SiOC nanowires possess a SiO2 dominated nanostructure, and the formation of amorphous SiOC nanowires is attributed to the good di?usivity of CO in SiO2. The morphologies of the amorphous SiOC nanowires include straight nanowires, beaded nanowires, helical nanowires, and branched nanowires, and these are determined by the ?owing state of the reactant gases, the laser power, and the surface morphology of the SiCN ceramics. Each amorphous SiOC nanowire with speci?c morphology can be uniformly distributed in separate regions, which makes it possible to control the growth of amorphous SiOC nanowires in di?erent morphologies.
关键词： Laser ablation,SiOC,Polymer-derived ceramics,Amorphous nanowires,Multi-morphology
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Synthesis and photovoltaic investigation of 8,10-bis (2-octyldodecyl) -8,10-dihydro-9H-bisthieno [2 ', 3': 7.8; 3``, 2 '': 5.6] naphtho [2,3-d] imidazol-9-one based conjugated polymers using non-fullerene acceptor
摘要： Two donor -acceptor (D-A) conjugated polymers designed on same 8,10-bis (2-octyldodecyl)-8,10-dihydro-9H-bisthieno [2`,3`:7,8; 3”,2”:5,6]naphtho [2,3-d]imidazole-9-one donor and dissimilar acceptor units, i.e. benzothiadiazole BT (P104) and fluorinated benzothiadiazole (P105) were synthesized and investigated their photophysical and electrochemical properties. The influence of the incorporation of fluorine atoms into the benzothiadiazole (BT) acceptor moiety in the polymer backbone on the photovoltaic performance when combined with the low bandgap non-fullerene acceptor ITIC-F was explored. The polymer solar cells based on P105:ITIC-F exhibited higher PCE (10.65 %) as compared to P104 :ITIC-F (8.32 %), resulted from the improved values of all the photovoltaic parameters. High value of Voc is linked with the deeper highest occupied molecular orbital energy level of P105 and the larger values of both short circuit current and fill factor are endorsed to the efficient exciton separation into charge carriers and their subsequent transfer owing to the increased value of dielectric constant and reduced value of exciton dissociation and energy loss and promoted balanced charge transportation. The intra/interchain interaction can be modulated by F atom substitution in the BT unit, resulting reduction in π-π stacking distance and increase in the crystal coherence length, benefiting the charge transportation in the active layer. These results offer a simple effective approach to regulate the optical and electrochemical properties and therefore increase the overall photovoltaic response.
关键词： D-A conjugated copolymer,non-fullerene acceptor,Polymer solar cells,morphology
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Size-Controlled Synthesis of Pt Particles on TiO2 Surface: Physicochemical Characteristic and Photocatalytic Activity
摘要： Different TiO2 photocatalysts, i.e., commercial samples (ST‐01 and P25 with minority of rutile phase), nanotubes, well‐crystallized faceted particles of decahedral shape and mesoporous spheres, were used as supports for deposition of Pt nanoparticles (NPs). Size‐controlled Pt NPs embedded in TiO2 were successfully prepared by microemulsion and wet‐impregnation methods. Obtained photocatalysts were characterized using XRD, TEM, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) specific surface area, DR/UV‐vis and action spectrum analysis. The effect of deposition method, amount of Pt precursor and TiO2 properties on size, distribution, and chemical states of deposited Pt NPs were investigated. Finally, the correlations between the physicochemical properties and photocatalytic activities in oxidation and reduction reactions under UV and Vis light of different Pt‐TiO2 photocatalysts were discussed. It was found that, regardless of preparation method, the photoactivity mainly depended on platinum and TiO2 morphology. In view of this, we claim that the tight control of NPs’ morphology allows us to design highly active materials with enhanced photocatalytic performance. Action spectrum analysis for the most active Pt‐modified TiO2 sample showed that visible light‐induced phenol oxidation is initiated by excitation of platinum surface plasmon, and photocatalytic activity analysis revealed that photoactivity depended strongly on morphology of the obtained Pt‐modified TiO2 photocatalysts.
关键词： titania morphology,microemulsion,platinum size,Pt‐TiO2,TiO2 particle size,heterogeneous photocatalysis
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Over 16.7% efficiency of ternary organic photovoltaics by employing extra PC71BM as morphology regulator
摘要： Ternary organic photovoltaics (OPVs) are fabricated with PBDB-T-2Cl:Y6 (1:1.2, wt/wt) as the host system and extra PC71BM as the third component. The PBDB-T-2Cl:Y6 based binary OPVs exhibit a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.49% with a short circuit current (JSC) of 24.98 mA cm?2, an open circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.868 V and a fill factor (FF) of 71.42%. A 16.71% PCE is obtained in the optimized ternary OPVs with PBDB-T-2Cl:Y6:PC71BM (1:1.2:0.2, wt/wt) active layer, resulting from the synchronously improved JSC of 25.44 mA cm?2, FF of 75.66% and the constant VOC of 0.868 V. The incorporated PC71BM may prefer to mix with Y6 to finely adjust phase separation, domain size and molecular arrangement in ternary active layers, which can be confirmed from the characterization on morphology, 2D grazing incidence small and wide-angle X-ray scattering, as well as Raman mapping. In addition, PC71BM may prefer to mix with Y6 to form efficient electron transport channels, which should be conducive to charge transport and collection in the optimized ternary OPVs. This work provides more insight into the underlying reasons of the third component on performance improvement of ternary OPVs, indicating ternary strategy should be an efficient method to optimize active layers for synchronously improving photon harvesting, exciton dissociation and charge transport, while keeping the simple cell fabrication technology.
关键词： ternary strategy,organic photovoltaics,morphology regulator,organic solar cells,power conversion efficiency
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Dumbbell–Like Silica Coated Gold Nanorods and their Plasmonic Properties
摘要： Silica coated gold nanorods with dumbbell-like morphology allowing dual functionalization in an individual nanostructure have attracted great attention for applications such as sensing and biological imaging. We report a detailed study on the feasibility of controlling the morphology of silica coating on gold nanorods. The morphology of the silica shell can be either cylindrical or dumbbell shaped. The morphology of the silica shell can be either cylindrical or dumbbell shaped. With constant GNR concentration, the ratio of CTAB and TEOS concentration is the key to determine the amount of available TEOS for silica deposition on GNR since the TEOS will diffuse towards the surface of GNRs. The effect of morphologies on surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) performance was also investigated and we found that the dumbbell morphology of silica coated gold nanorods has the most significant SERS enhancement. Our study is significant in terms of the capability to control the dumbbell morphology of silica coated gold nanorods, which can eventually broaden the application of these plasmonic nanomaterials.
关键词： SERS,TEOS,plasmonic properties,dumbbell-like morphology,CTAB,Silica coated gold nanorods
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Analysis of physical interaction between peroxisomes and chloroplast induced by dynamic morphological changes of peroxisomes using femtosecond laser impulsive force
摘要： Plant organelles dynamically change their morphology responding to environmental signals. To investigate the correlation between the light-dependent morphological changes of peroxisomes and interaction force between peroxisomes and chloroplasts, we applied femtosecond laser to estimate the interaction force between peroxisomes and chloroplasts. Here, we introduce our studies based on resent researches about organelles interaction.
关键词： photosynthesis,photorespiration,organelle interaction,femtosecond laser,organelle morphology
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22