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A Nanosystem Loaded Perfluorohexane and Rose Bengal Coupled Upconversion Nanoparticles for Multimodal Imaging and Synergetic Chemo-Photodynamic Therapy in Cancer
摘要： Theranostics is a new trend integrating diagnostic and therapeutic functions in tumour research. Theranostic nanoparticles that enabling both tumour imaging and drug delivery are a promising platform for image-guided cancer therapy. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has great potential in synergy with traditional chemotherapy while facing great challenges due to hypoxia, poor targeting ability and limited penetration depth of visible light. To solve these problems, we presented a novel nanosystem of FA/UCNPs-RB/HCPT/PFH@Lipid (denoted as FURH-PFH-NPs), with a perfluorohexane (PFH) carrying rich oxygen core and a folic acid-modified lipid shell. The shell contains 10-hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT) and self-fluorescing photosensitizer compounds, namely, of upconversion nanoparticles and Rose Bengal (UCNPs-RB). In this study, FURH-PFH-NPs aggregated at SKOV3 cells (in vitro) and the nude xenograft tumour region when combined with folic acid receptor. When triggered by low-intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU), FURH-PFH-NPs released PFH, UCNPs-RB and HCPT. The above procedure was monitored through multimodal imaging, which simultaneously guided the tumour therapy. UCNPs-RB and PFH promoted the PDT effect under LIFU. Through PDT and HCPT, we obtained better therapeutic effects and good biosafety in SKOV3 nude xenograft tumours. FURH-PFH-NPs combined with LIFU and laser irradiation might be a promising strategy for ovarian cancer.
关键词： Photodynamic therapy,Theranostics,ovarian cancer,multimodal imaging,nanoparticles
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Evaluation of Retinal Pigment Epithelium and Choroidal Neovascularization in Rats Using Laser-Scanning Optical-Resolution Photoacoustic Microscopy
摘要： Purpose: To demonstrate the value of the laser-scanning optical-resolution (LSOR)-photoacoustic (PA) microscopy (PAM) system and the conventional multimodal imaging techniques in the evaluation of laser-induced retinal injury and choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in rats. Methods: Different degrees of retinal injury were induced using laser photocoagulation. We compared the LSOR-PAM system with conventional imaging techniques in evaluating retinal injury with or without CNV. Six additional rats, treated with an anti-VEGF antibody or immunoglobulin G immediately after photocoagulation, were imaged 7 and 14 days after injection, and CNV lesion areas were compared. Results: In the retinal injury model, fundus autofluorescence showed well-defined hyperreflection, while the lesion displayed abundant PA signals demonstrating nonuniform melanin distribution in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). RPE was detected with higher contrast in the PAM B-scan image than optical coherence tomography (OCT). Additionally, the CNV lesion was present with multiple PA signal intensi- ties which distinctly characterized the location and area of CNV as found in fundus fluorescein angiography. Further- more, the decreased PA signals extending from the CNV le- sion were similar to those of the vascular bud in ex vivo im- aging, which was invisible in other in vivo images. When treated with anti-VEGF agents, statistically significant differ- ences can be demonstrated by PAM similar to other mo- dalities. Conclusions: LSOR-PAM can detect the melanin distribution of RPE in laser-induced retinal injury and CNV in rats. PAM imaging provides a potential new tool to evalu- ate the vitality and functionality of RPE in vivo as well as to monitor the development and treatment of CNV.
关键词： Age-related macular degeneration,Retinal pigment epithelium,Multimodal imaging,Photoacoustic microscopy,Choroidal neovascularization
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Cu-Fe-Se Ternary Nanosheet-Based Drug Delivery Carrier for Multimodal Imaging and Combined Chemo-photothermal Therapy of Cancer
摘要： Ternary transition-metal chalcogenide nanosheets have shown great potential in diverse applications owing to their intrinsically amazing properties with broad tunable window. Direct preparation of water-soluble and biocompatible ternary chalcogenide nanosheets for theranostic application remains a challenge. In this article, we prepared Cu-Fe-Se nanosheets (CFS NSs) in an aqueous solution under ambient conditions by sequential coprecipitation method. They were functionalized with anticancer drug doxorubin (CFS@DOX) through electrostatic interactions, and labeled with radioactive isotope 99mTc through surface coordination effect. The resulting nanosheets have a size of 70 nm and a thickness of 5 nm, and can be well dispersed in water, PBS, 10% FBS, and 0.9% NaCl with an excellent colloidal stability. They also exhibit a high photothermal conversion efficiency of 78.9% for in vitro and in vivo photoacoustic imaging and photothermal therapy. The isotope-labelled nanosheets (99mTc-CFS NSs) were used for single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) imaging, and quantification of their blood circulation time (~4.7 h) and biodistributions in major organs, which follow an order of liver > bladder > lung > spleen > heart > kidney. The DOX functionalized nanosheets (CFS@DOX) were used for chemotherapy of cancer and exhibited excellent anti-cancer efficacy. Our research shows the great promise of ternary metal chalcogenide nanosheets for combined imaging and therapy of cancer.
关键词： radiolabeling,2D ternary nanosheets,transition metal chalcogenides,multimodal imaging,chemotherapy,photothermal therapy
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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EXPRESS: Two-Dimensional Correlation Spectroscopy (2D-COS) for Analysis of Spatially Resolved Vibrational Spectra
摘要： The last two decades have seen tremendous progress in the application of two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS) as a versatile analysis method for data series obtained by a large variety of different spectroscopic modalities, including infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopy. The analysis technique is applicable to a series of spectra recorded under the influence of an external sample perturbation. 2D-COS analysis is not only helpful to decipher correlations which may exist between distinct spectral features, but can be utilized also to obtain the sequence of individual spectral changes. The focus of this review article is on the application of 2D-COS for analyzing spatially resolved data with special emphasis on hyperspectral imaging (HSI) study. In this review, we briefly introduce the fundamentals of the generalized 2D-COS analysis approach, discuss specific points of 2D-COS application to spatially resolved spectra and demonstrate essential aspects of data pre-processing for 2D-COS analysis of spatially resolved spectra. Based on illustrative examples we show that 2D-COS is useful for spectral band assignment in HSI applications and demonstrate its utility for detecting subtle correlations between spectra features, or between features from different imaging modalities in the case of heterospectral (multimodal) HSI. Furthermore, a short overview on existing 2D-COS software tools is provided. It is hoped that this article represents not only a useful guideline for 2D-COS analyses of spatially resolved hyperspectral data but supports also further dissemination of the 2D-COS analysis method as a whole.
关键词： Spatially Resolved Vibrational Microspectroscopy,Multimodal Imaging,Two-Dimensional Correlation Spectroscopy (2D-COS),Hyperspectral Imaging
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Hybrid Nanostructures for Cancer Theranostics || Hybrid Nanostructures for In Vivo Imaging
摘要： Nanohybrids with well-defined optical properties and integrated functionalities are considered to be the most advanced next-generation blend of therapeutics and diagnostics: a simultaneous “theranostics”. Targeted delivery, real-time monitoring of administration, distribution, biotransformation, and elimination from the body are some of the beneficial attributes which have enabled it to get wide attention and acceptability. A spectrum of new-generation hybrid nanosystems for future biomedical applications has been fabricated, and has a variety of applications towards in vivo optical imaging, ultrasound (US) imaging, computed tomography (CT) of X-rays, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET). Multifunctional nanoparticles containing multiple contrast agents not only allow multimodal imaging but also improve the resolution of each of these imaging modalities. This chapter provides one of the most comprehensive detailed reports on the development of nanohybrids for cancer imaging to date.
关键词： Cancer imaging,Multimodal imaging,Theranostics,Contrast agents,Nanohybrids
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Visible-light optical coherence tomography-based multimodal system for quantitative fundus autofluorescence imaging
摘要： Fundus autofluorescence (FAF) imaging is commonly used in ophthalmic clinics for diagnosis and monitoring of retinal diseases. Lipofuscin in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), with A2E as its most abundant component and a visual cycle by-product, is the major fluorophore of FAF. Lipofuscin accumulates with age and is implicated in degenerative retinal diseases. The amount of lipofuscin in RPE can be assessed by quantitative measurement of FAF. However, the currently available FAF imaging technologies are not capable of quantifying the absolute intensity of FAF, which is essential for comparing images from different individuals, and from the same individual over time. One major technical difficulty is to compensate the signal attenuation by ocular media anterior to the RPE (pre-RPE media). FAF intensity is also influenced by fluctuations in imaging conditions such as illumination power and detector sensitivity, all of which need to be compensated. In this review, we present the concept and research progress of using visible-light optical coherence tomography-based simultaneous multimodal retinal imaging to compensate signal attenuation by pre-RPE media and the influence of parameters of the acquisition system for accurate measurement of FAF intensities.
关键词： fundus autofluorescence imaging,multimodal imaging,retinal pigment epithelium lipofuscin,Visible-light optical coherence tomography,retinal imaging,fluorescence quantification
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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SkImager: a concept device for <i>in-vivo</i> skin assessment by multimodal imaging
摘要： A compact prototype device for diagnostic imaging of skin has been developed and tested. Polarized LED light at several spectral regions is used for illumination, and round skin spot of diameter 34 mm or 11 mm is imaged by a CMOS sensor via cross-oriented polarizing filter. Four consecutive imaging series are performed: (1) RGB image at white LED illumination for revealing subcutaneous structures; (2) four spectral images at narrowband LED illumination (450, 540, 660, and 940 nm) for mapping of the main skin chromophores and diagnostic indices; (3) video-imaging under green LED illumination for mapping of skin blood perfusion; (4) autofluorescence video-imaging under UV (365 nm) LED irradiation for mapping of the skin fluorophores. Design details of the device and its software as well as preliminary results of clinical tests are presented.
关键词： optical skin diagnostics,multimodal imaging,skin chromophore and fluorophore mapping
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Multimodal imaging of foveal neovascularisation in diabetic retinopathy
摘要： Proliferative diabetic retinopathy is characterised by the growth of neovascular tissue, which almost always occurs at the optic disc and/or near the major nasal and temporal vascular arcades, sparing the foveal area.1 Finkelstein et al. ?rst described neovascular frond at the fovea arising from the perifoveal capillaries.2 A few other authors like Joondeph et al., Kurz et al., Rajagopal et al. and Seth et al. have also reported similar ?ndings.3–6 We report a rare case of unilateral foveal neovascularisation (NVF) in a middle-aged (40 years) woman of Asian origin who presented to us with chief complaints of blurring of vision in both eyes (left more than right) over the past few weeks, which was sudden in onset and progressive in nature. The patient had type 2 diabetes mellitus and dyslipidaemia for the past nine years. Her HbA1c was 10.5 per cent. On examination, her best-corrected visual acuity was 6/12 in the right eye and 6/24 in the left eye. The anterior segment was within normal limits for her age. Meticulous examination of the iris did not reveal any sign of neovascularisation. Posterior segment examination revealed proliferative diabetic retinopathy changes in both eyes with vitreous haemorrhage in the left eye only. The right eye was noted to have a whitish tuft at the fovea on biomicroscopy which turned out to be vascular in nature with distorted foveal avascular zone (FAZ) in both multicolor (Figure 1) and re?ectance (Figure 2) image. This was con?rmed with fundus ?uorescein angiography (confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope-based; Figure 3) and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (Figure 4). Unlike previous reports, except for the recent report by Seth et al.,6 this patient had non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. It is possible that this type of diabetes mellitus is not a predictor of NVF, but rather compromised ocular blood ?ow and duration and control of diabetes are predictors as reported by Summanen et al.7 In concordance with Finkelstein et al.,2 Joondeph et al.3 and Seth et al.,6 we noted macular ischaemia in our case, whereas Kurz et al.4 and Rajagopal et al.5 reported cases with perfused macula. Our case had unilateral NVF as reported by Joondeph et al.,3 Kurz et al.4 and Seth et al.,6 whereas Finkelstein et al.2 and Kurz et al.4 reported bilateral cases. We report for the ?rst time multimodal imaging of foveal neovascularisation in diabetic retinopathy. Limitations include a lack of early-phase fundus ?uorescein angiography imaging, green re?ectance, and optical coherence tomography angiography images. The early phase of ?uorescein angiography would have helped us with more effective visualisation of distorted FAZ and leakage from the NVF. Green re?ectance utilises a longer wavelength as compared to blue and has less absorption by the crystalline lens and xanthophyll pigments (at fovea) and therefore better delineates the fovea. In our case, this would have been the better imaging modality than blue re?ectance. Optical coherence tomography angiography beyond being non-invasive would have helped us to portray the FAZ and origin of foveal neovascularisation in a more desirable way, which we lacked.
关键词： multimodal imaging,diabetic retinopathy,foveal neovascularisation
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Multimodal Imaging in Lung Cancer: It Is Time to Change
摘要： The imaging techniques can be classified into two main groups: Structural/morphological imaging (SMI), which includes X rays (XR), computed tomography (CT), ultrasounds (US) as well as some varieties of magnetic resonance (MRI), and shows anatomic-morphological aspects, and molecular imaging (MI), which includes nuclear medicine (SPECT, PET), fMRI, optical and nanosystems techniques, and provides information about biochemistry/biological activity, often before structural changes. According to Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, MI “is the visualization, characterization, and measurement of biological processes at the molecular and cellular levels in humans and other living systems”. MI procedures are noninvasive, safe and painless. Its sensitivity is greater than SMI, but it lacks anatomical detail, which has led to the development of multimodal imaging, combining structural and molecular techniques, widely used at present in daily practice. The pillars of MI are biochemistry/biology, instrumentation and software, and its cycle is the following: study of biology/biochemistry of a process, establishment/definition of specific targets, and development of tracers, preclinical imaging, histological validation and finally clinical imaging. This new concept led to the individualized diagnostic and treatment, being the patient the center of the medical activity. “As opposed to the doctor-centric, curative model of the past, the future is going to be patient-centric and proactive” said Dr. Zerhouni (NIH Medline Plus Winter 2007). The doctor must adapt to the needs of the own patient and this fact requires a true change of heart, because MI is intimately tied to the biology of the disease to analyzing. A new and strong interrelationship came into being: a bidirectional system biology-imaging that will allow to be much more effective in the daily practice, not only in relation to diagnosis (specific and early), but also with therapy (guide cancer treatment selection and evaluate early treatment response). There is an absolute necessity to lock the two together. Likewise, in the future the biology of a disease will indicate us what is the most adequate imaging technique and vice versa. In this regard, we know that in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), ALK+ status is associated with distinct characteristics at CT imaging (CT radiogenomic characterization) [1], and that in lung adenocarcinomas 18F-FDG uptake values are related with expression levels of cellular Glucose Transporters and EGFR mutations. For this reason, different EGFR mutations correlate with different FDG uptake values.
关键词： Small Cell Lung Cancer,PET,Biomarkers,CT,MRI,Lung Cancer,Molecular Imaging,Multimodal Imaging,Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer,Structural/Morphological Imaging
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Versatile Catalytic Deoxyribozyme Vehicles for Multimodal Imaging-Guided Efficient Gene Regulation and Photothermal Therapy
摘要： Catalytic deoxyribozyme has great potential for gene regulation, but poor efficiency of the cleavage of mRNA and lack of versatile DNAzyme vehicles remain big challenges for potent gene therapy. By rational designing a diverse vehicle of polydopamine-Mn2+ nanoparticles (MnPDA), we demonstrate that MnPDA has integrated functions as an effective DNAzyme delivery vector, self-generation source of DNAzyme cofactor for catalytic mRNA cleavage, inherent therapeutic photothermal agent, as well as contrast agents for photoacoustic and magnetic resonance imaging. Specifically, the DNAzyme-MnPDA nanosystem protects catalytic deoxyribozyme from degradation and enhances cellular uptake efficiency. In the presence of intracellular glutathione, the nanoparticles are able to in-situ generate free Mn2+ as a cofactor of DNAzyme to effectively trigger catalytic cleavage of mRNA for gene silencing. In addition, the nanosystem shows high photothermal conversion efficiency and excellent stability against photothermal processing and degradation in complex environments. Unlike previous DNAzyme delivery vehicles, this vehicle exhibits diverse functionalities for potent gene regulation, allowing multimodal imaging-guided synergetic gene regulation and photothermal therapy both in vitro and in vivo.
关键词： deoxyribozyme,multimodal imaging,photothermal therapy,DNAzyme,gene therapy
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14