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Lossy Mode Resonance Generation on Sputtered Aluminum-Doped Zinc Oxide Thin Films Deposited on Multimode Optical Fiber Structures for Sensing Applications in the 1.55 μm Wavelength Range
摘要： In this work, we demonstrated lossy mode resonance (LMR) generation in optical fiber structures based on multimode fibers coated with aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) films. AZO thin films were deposited by using radio frequency magnetron sputtering. In order to exhibit the usefulness of the LMR effect for sensing applications in optical fiber based systems, the deposition conditions of the AZO film coatings were set to obtain the second LMR order within the 1.55 μm wavelength range. An optical transmission configuration setup was used to investigate the LMR effect on fiber structures based on the use of no-core and cladding-removed multimode fibers coated with AZO films synthesized from metallic sputtering targets with different proportions of Zn:Al, 92:8% and 98:2%, at atomic concentrations. The optical and electrical/chemical features of the AZO films were characterized with UV–vis and XPS spectroscopy, respectively. The optical response of the proposed sensing configuration to refractive index (RI) variations was experimentally demonstrated. For the best approach, the sensitivity of wavelength displacement to RI variations on the liquid surrounding media was found to be 1214.7 nm/RIU.
关键词： multimode fiber,lossy mode resonance,optical fiber sensors,reactive RF magnetron sputtering,aluminum-doped zinc oxide
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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[IEEE 2019 21st International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON) - Angers, France (2019.7.9-2019.7.13)] 2019 21st International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON) - Development of 850 nm and 910 nm Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers for 50-100 Gb/s Applications
摘要： New generation of datacom standards require vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) operating at data rates beyond 50 Gbaud in on-off-keying (NRZ) and pulse amplitude modulation (PAM4) formats. New applications in Ethernet also demand extended wavelength range of the devices to enable wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) in multimode fiber. We report on 850 nm and 910 nm single mode industrial technology VCSELs capable for error free NRZ data transmission at 60 Gb/s over 800 m and 400 m of OM5 multimode fiber (MMF), respectively. Both types of VCSELs are also suitable for PAM4 transmission up to 60 Gbaud.
关键词： data transmission,multimode fiber,vertical cavity surface–emitting laser,oxide aperture,wavelength division multiplexing
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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[IEEE 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC) - Munich, Germany (2019.6.23-2019.6.27)] 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC) - Method for Quantum Key Establishment through a Multimode Fiber
摘要： Secure communication became extremely important in the Information Age. Quantum communication protocols have been developed to provide absolutely secure transmission of information. Historically, quantum key distribution (QKD) uses the two-dimensional polarization basis to encode information and the key element of long-distance communication is single-mode optical fiber. However, it intrinsically limits the information content to 1 bit per photon. Nowadays, significant effort is devoted to increase the data carrying capacity of a single quantum secure optical line. Large-core multimode fibers support a multitude of transverse optical modes and can potentially transfer information at much higher density. Here we propose a fundamentally new concept for secure high-dimensional remote key establishment. Our method uses a quantum-secure wavefront shaping procedure to transmit information through a light-scrambling large-core multimode fiber. It naturally works with a high-dimensional alphabet. The main idea is illustrated in Fig. 1. To send a symbol, Alice prepares a wavefront that leads to a focus at a particular point on the fiber output facet. Throughout the fiber, the photon will be present as a disordered superposition of all fiber modes. If an eavesdropper (Eve) intercepts, the photon collapses at a nearly random position on Eve’s detector, which varies even between identical copies of the same symbol. Only at Bob’s end, the photon will be spatially localized and Bob can unambiguously identify the symbol. In contrast to popular QKD protocols, our method allows to detect eavesdropper attacks without using two randomly switched mutually unbiased bases. Moreover, information is sent in a deterministic way, allowing direct decoding at the receiver end without classical postprocessing. Since it is optical fiber based, our method allows to naturally extend secure communication to larger distances. We argue that our method is quantum secure if symbols are encoded into single photons. Moreover, we show that our method does not require the light to be in an entangled (or otherwise special) quantum state; a weak coherent state (even when several photons per symbol are used) still guarantees the security of the protocol. We experimentally characterise the setup for this new type of key exchange method by encoding information into a few-photon light pulse decomposed over guided modes of an easily available step-index multimode fiber.
关键词： multimode fiber,wavefront shaping,high-dimensional alphabet,secure communication,Quantum key distribution
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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[IEEE 2018 IEEE CPMT Symposium Japan (ICSJ) - Kyoto (2018.11.19-2018.11.21)] 2018 IEEE CPMT Symposium Japan (ICSJ) - Fabrication and Evaluation for Polymer Waveguide Coupler Devices Using the Imprint Method
摘要： For further increase of data rate in multimode fiber (MMF) links widely deployed in datacenters, wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) transmission technology is expected to be introduced. In this paper, we propose a Y-branched polymer waveguide with graded-index core for optical coupler in the MMF WDM links. The low loss structure of the Y-branched polymer waveguide is designed applying BPM simulation, and designed waveguide structures are actually fabricated using an imprint method to confirm their applicability to a low-loss optical coupler in MMF WDM links.
关键词： Y branched polymer optical waveguide,optical coupler,Imprint Method,multimode fiber link,Beam propagation method
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Nonlinear interactions in multimode optical fibers
摘要： The limitations of single-mode fibers incite multimode fibers to meet the technological demands and explore new physics. Multimode fibers support many spatial modes which can interact with each other through various nonlinear processes and give rise to complex spatiotemporal dynamics. In this review paper, we address intermodal coupling based nonlinear phenomena in short and long pulse regimes. Ultrashort femtosecond pulse regime is dominated by four-wave mixing, self and cross-phase modulation, interpulse as well as intrapulse Raman scattering and provides strong platform for the realization of multitude of nonlinear phenomena such as multimode soliton formation, generation of intense combs of dispersive waves from the multimode soliton, beam clean-up, geometric parametric instability, and optical event horizon. On the other hand, long pulse regime exhibits strong stimulated Raman processes and provides natural tool for the investigation of nonlinear phenomena such as, cascaded Raman scattering, intermodal four-wave mixing based wideband frequency generation, transient grating formation and many others. This article reviews the recent developments in intermodal nonlinear interactions in multimode fiber for both the short and long pulse regimes and provides a roadmap for future research directions in the area of multimode nonlinear fiber optics.
关键词： Intermodal interaction,Multimode fiber,Nonlinear optics
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Statistical description of transport in multimode fibers with mode-dependent loss
摘要： We analyze coherent wave transport in a new physical setting associated with multimode wave systems where reflection is completely suppressed and mode-dependent losses together with mode mixing are dictating the wave propagation. An additional physical constraint is the fact that in realistic circumstances the access to the scattering (or transmission) matrix is incomplete. We have addressed all these challenges by providing a statistical description of wave transport which fuses together a free probability theory approach with a filtered random matrix ensemble. Our theoretical predictions have been tested successfully against experimental data of light transport in multimode fibers.
关键词： statistics,multimode fiber,random matrix theory
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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The Measurement of Optical Interconnect Module Post-Soldering Alignment Offsets and The Study of Its Influence on Optical Coupling Efficiency
摘要： In the process of the optical interconnection module soldering assembly, the mismatch of the thermal expansion coefficient between the substrate and PCB would result in the production of alignment offset between light source devices and light-coupled devices, which would lead to light power loss. It is of great significance to study on the optical interconnect module alignment offset in the assembly process to improve optical interconnect module coupling efficiency. In the present study, an optical interconnection module key position post soldering shift offset measurement system was established, and an optical interconnection module experimental sample was prepared. The key position post soldering shift in the X and Y directions were measured. The 3D finite element analysis model of a typical optical interconnect module was established, and post soldering shift offsets were calculated after the finite elements analysis of the reflow soldering temperature load. The coupling efficiency simulation model of the optical interconnection module was established using the ZEMAX software, and the coupling efficiency was calculated according to the alignment offset measured in the experiment. The results revealed the following: The post soldering alignment offsets in the X and Y direction were 0.316 μm and 0.422 μm, respectively, and the synthetic alignment offset was 0.527 μm. The post soldering alignment offset calculated using the finite element simulation model was 0.436 μm, and its error was 17.2%, when compared with the measured value. The coupling efficiency of the optical interconnection module was 85.804% when the post soldering alignment offset was 0.527 μm.
关键词： Reflow soldering,Optical interconnect module,Multimode fiber,Alignment offset,Coupling efficiency
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46