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Applications of Laser Ablation - Thin Film Deposition, Nanomaterial Synthesis and Surface Modification || Application of Liquid Laser Ablation: Organic Nanoparticle Formation and Hydrogen Gas Generation
摘要： Laser ablation is induced by a heating process of materials through the absorption of laser light and results in an explosive expansion of materials. For materials located in liquid, in contrast to those in vacuum, laser ablation proceeds under rather mild conditions via a cycle of heating and cooling by mediated solvent; therefore, it is applicable for organic solids to fragment into nanoparticles. Alternatively, for effective light absorbers, the irradiated site becomes the reaction centre of a photochemical reaction even in liquids, resulting in hydrogen gas generation. In this chapter, two topics of laser ablation in the liquid phase are presented: nanoparticle formation of organic materials and hydrogen gas generation from solid carbon in water. Thereby, the extended abilities of liquid laser ablation to transform ordinary materials into functional ones are introduced.
关键词： spectroscopy,carbon-based nanoparticles,hydrogen generation,colloidal solution,nanosecond laser pulses,organic nanoparticles
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Nanosecond Pulsed Laser Processing Turns Engineering Metal Alloys Antireflective and Superwicking
摘要： In this work, superwicking and antireflective properties are achieved on engineering metal surfaces by creating surface pattern using a high pulse energy nanosecond laser followed by a chemical immersion treatment. The high-energy nanosecond pulse laser scans the metal surface in air. Subsequently, the laser-textured surface is further treated by immersion in a 3-cyanopropyltricholosilane reagent. As a result of these two processes, microgrooves with micro- and nano-scale surface features are generated on the metal surface. Due to the created surface structure and favorable surface chemistry, water sprints uphill defying the gravity. The fast self-propelling movement of water is due to the supercapillary effect of the surface microchannel and the superhydrophilic surface nitrile group. The wicking effect on the processed surface follows the classical square root of time dependence. The processed surface shows good antireflective properties in visible and infrared spectrum. Surface features, surface chemistry, surface wettability, surface reflectivity and surface wicking behavior are measured on AA6061 and Ti-6Al-4V specimens through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), contact angle goniometer, UV-VIS-NIR spectrometer and high-speed camera.
关键词： Nitrile,Superwicking,Capillary,Nanosecond Laser,Silane
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Secondary and Exploratory Outcomes of the Subthreshold Nanosecond Laser Intervention Randomized Trial in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A LEAD Study Report
摘要： To evaluate the secondary and exploratory outcomes of the Laser Intervention in Early Stages of Age-Related Macular Degeneration (LEAD) study, a 36-month trial of a subthreshold nanosecond laser (SNL) treatment for slowing the progression to late age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in its early stages.
关键词： LEAD study,age-related macular degeneration,subthreshold nanosecond laser,secondary outcomes,exploratory outcomes
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Combined effects of nanosecond laser-induced surface oxidation and nanostructure formation for selective colorization of nickel surfaces
摘要： Metal surfaces can be nanostructured by laser irradiation making use of different effects ranging from thin film generation to nanostructures formation. Here, the colorization of pure nickel surfaces by nanosecond laser irradiation in air is demonstrated and studied in detail. Correlations between chromaticity coordinates and laser-processing parameter show that the accumulated fluence is the dominating factor in creation of a specific colored surface. The color of the laser-irradiated surfaces shows both angle-dependent and angle-independent in reliance on the processing conditions. The examination of the laser-colored surface demonstrates that lateral and vertical organized, laser-induced structures with nano-, micro-, and mesoscopic scales can be found simultaneously which contribute to the colorization in a particular manner. A comprehensive analysis of the processes involved in the color formation at nickel was performed by examining the surfaces by SEM, reflectometry, XPS, and XRD to verify the multi-process mechanisms of color formation. The most saturated colors result from interference effects within the redeposited layers. It was found that controlling the hatching distance applying optimized laser fluence enables a wider color range and allows a very precise setting of the color. Based on the extracted laser-processing parameters, the surface coloration of arbitrary pattern with desired optical properties becomes practicable, and nanosecond laser color marking can, therefore, be expanded to potentially new applications.
关键词： colorization,nanosecond laser,nickel surfaces,surface oxidation,nanostructure formation
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Nanosecond Laser Cataract Surgery in LOCS III Grade 4 and 5: A Case Series
摘要： Purpose: a major obstacle to the widespread implementation of nanosecond laser cataract removal has been its limited efficacy in cases when the cataract is harder than lens opacities classification system iii (locs iii) grade 3. the latest technological modifications seem to have overcome this obstacle. Design: a case series. Methods: this study presents a case series of 17 consecutive patients with a cataract classified as harder than locs iii grade 3 who underwent nanolaser cataract surgery. the basic surgical procedure included administration of topical or local anesthesia, capsulorhexis, hydrodissection, cataract removal with a nanosecond laser, cortical cleanup, intraocular lens implantation, and clear corneal incision closure with physiological solution. Results: the nanosecond laser system effectively removed the cataract in all patients. this result was statistically significant (P < 0.000001) compared with an expected conversion rate to ultrasound phacoemulsification of 100%. Conclusions: Harder cataracts should no longer be considered a limitation for the use of nanosecond laser in cataract surgery.
关键词： nanosecond laser,nanolaser,phacoemulsification,nanolaser cataract surgery,cataract surgery
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Creation of Superhydrophobic and Superhydrophilic Surfaces on ABS Employing a Nanosecond Laser
摘要： A nanosecond green laser was employed to obtain both superhydrophobic and superhydrophilic surfaces on a white commercial acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS). These wetting behaviors were directly related to a laser-induced superficial modification. A predefined pattern was not produced by the laser, rather, the entire surface was covered with laser pulses at 1200 DPI by placing the sample at different positions along the focal axis. The changes were related to the laser fluence used in each case. The highest fluence, on the focal position, induced a drastic heating of the material surface, and this enabled the melted material to flow, thus leading to an almost flat superhydrophilic surface. By contrast, the use of a lower fluence by placing the sample 0.8 μm out of the focal position led to a poor material flow and a fast cooling that froze in a rugged superhydrophobic surface. Contact angles higher than 150? and roll angles of less than 10? were obtained. These wetting behaviors were stable over time.
关键词： superhydrophilic,superhydrophobic,surface wettability,nanosecond laser surface modification,ABS (Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene)
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14