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Block copolymer brush layer-templated gold nanoparticles on nanofibers for surface-enhanced Raman scattering optophysiology
摘要： A nanothin block copolymer (BCP) brush-layer film adsorbed on glass nanofibers is shown to address the long-standing challenge of forming a template for the deposition of dense and well dispersed nanoparticles on highly curved surfaces, allowing the development of an improved nanosensor for neurotransmitters. We employed a polystyrene-block-poly(4-vinylpyridine) BCP and plasmonic gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) of 52 nm in diameter for the fabrication of the nanosensor on pulled fibers with diameters down to 200 nm. The method is simple, using only solution processes and a plasma cleaning step. The templating of the AuNPs on the nanofiber surprisingly gave rise to more than one order of magnitude improvement in the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) performance for 4-mercaptobenzoic acid compared to the same AuNPs aggregated on identical fibers without the use of a template. We hypothesize that a wavelength-scale lens formed by the nanofiber contributes to enhancing the SERS performance, to the extent that it can melt the glass nanofiber under moderate laser power. We then show the capability of this nanosensor to detect the co-release of the neurotransmitters dopamine and glutamate from living mouse brain dopaminergic neurons with a sensitivity one order of magnitude greater than with aggregated AuNPs. The simplicity of fabrication and the far superior performance of the BCP-templated nanofiber demonstrates the potential of this method to efficiently pattern nanoparticles on highly curved surfaces and its application as molecular nanosensors for cell physiology.
关键词： block copolymer brush,neurosciences,SERS optophysiology,nanofiber,neurotransmitters
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Carbon and graphene quantum dots: a review on syntheses, characterization, biological and sensing applications for neurotransmitter determination
摘要： Neuro-transmitters have been considered to be essential biochemical molecules, which monitor physiological and behavioral function in the peripheral and central nervous systems. Thus, it is of high pharmaceutical and biological significance to analyze neuro-transmitters in the biological samples. So far, researchers have devised a lot of techniques for assaying these samples. It has been found that electro-chemical sensors possess features of robustness, selectivity, and sensitivity as well as real-time measurement. Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and carbon QDs (CQDs) are considered some of the most promising carbon-based nanomaterials at the forefront of this research area. This is due to their characteristics including lower toxicity, higher solubility in various solvents, great electronic features, inertness, high specific surface areas, plenty of edge sites for functionalization, and strong chemical versatility, in addition to their ability to be modified via absorbent surface chemicals and the addition of modifiers or nano-materials. Hence in the present review, the synthesis methods of GQDs and CQDs has been summarized and their characterization methods also been analyzed. The applications of carbon-based QDs (GQDs and CQDs) in biological and sensing areas, such as biological imaging, drug/gene delivery, antibacterial and antioxidant activity, photoluminescence sensors, electrochemiluminescence sensors and electrochemical sensors, have also been discussed. This study then covers sensing features of key neurotransmitters, including dopamine, tyrosine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, serotonin and acetylcholine. Hence, issues and challenges of the GQDs and CQDs were analyzed for their further development.
关键词： Carbon quantum dots,Graphene quantum dots,Neurotransmitters,Biological applications,Sensing applications,Electrochemical sensors
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57