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Physical, Thermal and Spectroscopic Studies on Biofield Treated p-Dichlorobenzene
摘要： Para-dichlorobenzene (p-DCB) is widely used as a chemical intermediate in manufacturing of dyes, pharmaceuticals, polymers and other organic synthesis. The aim of present study was to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment on physical, thermal, and spectroscopic properties of p-dichlorobenzene. The p-dichlorobenzene sample was divided into two groups that served as treated and control. The treated group received Mr. Trivedi’s biofield treatment. Subsequently the control and treated samples were evaluated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and UV-Vis spectroscopy. XRD result showed an increase in crystallite size (4.93%) along with alteration in peak intensity of treated sample as compared to control. Furthermore, DSC analysis results showed that the latent heat of fusion of treated p-dichlorobenzene was considerably reduced by 8.66% as compared to control. The reduction in melting point of treated sample (54.99°C) was also observed as compared to control (57.01°C) p-dichlorobenzene. Moreover, TGA/DTG studies showed that Tmax (temperature, at which sample lost maximum of its weight) was increased by 6.26% and weight loss per degree celsius (°C) was decreased by 12.77% in biofield treated p-dichlorobenzene as compared to control sample. It indicates that thermal stability of treated p-dichlorobenzene sample might increase as compared to control sample. However, no change was found in UV-Vis spectroscopic character of treated p-dichlorobenzene as compared to control. These findings suggest that biofield treatment has significantly altered the physical and thermal properties of p-dichlorobenzene, which could make it more useful as a chemical intermediate.
关键词： Differential scanning calorimetry,Para-dichlorobenzene,Thermogravimetric analysis,and UV-Visible spectroscopy,Biofield treatment,X-ray diffraction study
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Study on supercritical water oxidation of o-dichlorobenzene in a quartz micro-reactor with in situ microscope and Raman spectroscopy
摘要： The supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) of o-dichlorobenzene (o-DCB) in a fused quartz capillary reactor was studied by in situ microscope combined with Raman spectroscopy. The influence of oxidant dosage, reaction temperature and time on the o-DCB degradation efficiency was investigated and the reaction kinetics for CO2 yield was explored as well. The obvious phase change of o-DCB-H2O/H2O2 system was observed during the heating and cooling process. The increase in H2O2 dosage, temperature and time enhanced the o-DCB degradation efficiency. The degradation of o-DCB could be attributed to the simultaneous oxidation induced by HO· and O2. The effect of temperature on the o-DCB degradation efficiency and the CO2 yield was not significant at the lower temperature stage but turned to be important at the higher temperature stage. When the oxidant dosage was twice that of chemometry and the temperature and time were 440.0 °C and 4 min, respectively, the o-DCB degradation efficiency reached approximately 100%. Under the same conditions, the CO2 yield was lower than the o-DCB degradation efficiency, indicating that the degradation of o-DCB was a multi-step reaction. The reaction kinetics showed that the kinetics of CO2 production in SCWO followed the pseudo-first order and the apparent activation energy was 172.4 kJ mol?1.
关键词： Microscope,Supercritical water oxidation,O-dichlorobenzene,Fused quartz micro-reactor,Raman spectroscopic
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Investigation of the Effects of Various Organic Solvents on the PCBM Electron Transport Layer of Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： In this study, four organic solvents including 1,2-dichlorobenzene (DCB), chlorobenzene (CB), methylbenzene (MB), and chloroform (CF) were used as solvents in the [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) electron transport layer (ETL) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). This study observed the effects of various solvents on the surface morphology of the ETL by using an optical microscope (OM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The surface roughness, crystal structure, and surface element bonding of the ETL were observed using an atomic force microscope (AFM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscope (XPS), respectively. The absorption spectrum of the perovskite layer was explored using an ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrometer. The characteristics of the PSC device were analyzed in terms of its current density–voltage (J–V) curve, external quantum efficiency (EQE), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. The results showed that DCB is a solvent with a high boiling point, low vapor pressure, and high dielectric constant, and using DCB as the solvent for ETL, the uniformity, coverage, and surface roughness of the ETL showed better properties. The power conversion efficiency of the PSC in which DCB was used as the solvent achieved a value of 11.07%, which was higher than that of the PSCs in which other solvents were used.
关键词： organic solvents,perovskite solar cells,1,2-dichlorobenzene,electron transport layer
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Features of molecular light scattering and structure of the chlorobenzene–o-dichlorobenzene solutions
摘要： The total light scattering coefficient, degree of depolarization, refractive index, and density were measured in chlorobenzene–o-dichlorobenzene solutions. The isotropic and anisotropic molecular light scattering intensities, isothermal compressibility, excess isothermal compressibility, molar volume, and excess molar volume were calculated. Complex nonmonotonic behavior of light scattering coefficients in response to the concentration change was found. A minimum of light scattering intensity in low concentration range at the chlorobenzene side and the maximum of light scattering intensity at the o-dichlorobenzene side were observed, which indicates a substantial rearrangement of solution local structure with a change in the concentration. Four ranges with different local structure of the solution were distinguished, namely, 0–0.03; 0.03–0.65; 0.65–0.9; and 0.9–1.0 according to analysis of light scattering coefficients, excess isothermal compressibility, and excess molar volume. The solution local structure was described in each range.
关键词： Structure of liquid solutions,Chlorobenzene–o-dichlorobenzene solutions,Microheterogeneity,Isothermal compressibility,Molecular light scattering,Agglomerates
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Enhanced effect of 1,2-dichlorobenzene on the property of PC61BM and perovskite films for planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells
摘要： PC61BM used as a common electron selective material has been widely discussed in previous articles. However, the inferior film coverage of PC61BM using chlorobenzene (CB) solvent still restricts the photoelectric property of the perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this paper, the effect of 1,2-dichlorobenzene (o-DCB) used as the solvent of PC61BM precursor is investigated in order to get an efficient method to fabricated high-quality PC61BM layer which is crucial for low-temperature PSCs. Furthermore, the morphologies of diverse PC61BM layers using CB and o-DCB solvents and the properties of perovskite films deposited on different PC61BM substrates are studied. For the performance of PSCs based on the PC61BM layers fabricated by CB and o-DCB, the optimal PC61BM concentrations in precursor are 15 mg/mL and 20 mg/mL, respectively. In all samples, the champion PSCs based on 20 mg/mL PC61BM layer using o-DCB with the structure of fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate/compact TiO2/ PC61BM/FAxMA1-xPbIyBrzCl3-y-z/2,2',7,7'-tetrakis- (N,N-di-p-methoxyphenylamine) -9,9'-spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD)/Au are prepared. It has achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.17% compared with that from the sample without PC61BM layer (8.34%) and the device with 15 mg/mL PC61BM layer using CB solvent (14.03%). We anticipate that the introduction of o-DCB would possibly become a promising method for high efficient PSCs in the future.
关键词： PC61BM,chlorobenzene,perovskite solar cells,1,2-dichlorobenzene
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22