- 标题
- 摘要
- 关键词
- 实验方案
- 产品
-
The mathematical and experimental analysis on the steady-state operating temperature of bifacial photovoltaic modules
摘要： The operating temperature of bifacial photovoltaic (PV) module affects its power generation and reliability. Combined with view factor model of ground reflectivity on module backside, a thermal steady-state model is established to analyze the thermal performance of bifacial module in this paper. The module operating temperatures under three different installation conditions of roof cement ground, water surface and grassland are calculated and simulated by ANSYS software, and the experiments are designed to analyze and verify it. Based on the difference of reflectivity and heat capacity of different ground for the PV module installation, the effects of ground type and module material on bifacial module temperature and its mechanism are analyzed quantitatively. According to the simulation and experiment results, the operating temperatures of the bifacial modules installed on the roof cement ground, water surface and grassland are 44.7 (cid:1)C, 41.5 (cid:1)C, 43.2 (cid:1)C respectively, under the setting environment condition with specific irradiance, wind speed and ambient temperature. The temperature difference of 1.7 (cid:1)C e3.2 (cid:1)C is caused by ground reflectivity and temperature. The operating temperature difference between glass-glass and glass-backsheet module is less than 0.4 (cid:1)C under the standard condition. The conductivity and emissivity of encapsulation material does not show strong influence on module operating temperature.
关键词： Bifacial PV module,Solar cell,Ground reflectivity,Operating temperature
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
-
Experimental investigation of sandwich glazed solar photovoltaic module
摘要： The light and heat energies from the sun are directly converted into electricity either by directly using solar photovoltaic (SPV) module or indirectly using concentrated solar technology system. Photovoltaic (PV) cells is a semiconductor device which is sensitive to temperature. The energy gap of the silicon material reduces when its temperature increases. The decrease in the energy gap of the silicon semiconductor with increasing working temperature can affect the performance of the PV cell. In this article, the working temperature of commercial grade silicon-based solar photovoltaic module as well as sandwich glazed solar photovoltaic module and its impact upon the electricity delivered is discussed. The significant effects of operating temperature, irradiation and wind speed on the PV module temperature were presented. These parameters were used to estimate the electrical performance of the commercial and sandwich glazed PV modules.
关键词： Performance,Irradiation,Electrical efficiency,Operating temperature,Photovoltaic
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
-
Thermodynamics assessment on cooling photovoltaic modules by phase change materials (PCMs) in critical operating temperature
摘要： Increasing the temperature of photovoltaic (PV) cells decreases their electricity generation. The use of phase change materials (PCMs) is one of the most common methods for controlling the rate of increasing the temperature of PV cells. This research focuses on thermodynamic analysis of PV/PCM systems with and without fins in maximum operating temperature of PV modules (85 °C). Polyethylene glycol 600 (PEG-600) and paraffin, with different melting points, have been studied experimentally as PCM in an indoor condition. Moreover, the effect of using fins was investigated. For this critical temperature, the results showed that using paraffin could be better for controlling the temperature of PV cells, due to its closer melting point with the module temperature. In the case of fins included, the temperature differences of 28.0 °C and 8.8 °C between the case of paraffin + fin and the case of PEG 600 + fin in comparison with the conventional PV module were measured, respectively. At this critical temperature condition, the output power of a PV module cannot exceed the half of its nominal power. The exergy efficiency of the paraffin + fin case was measured to 4.2% more than the conventional one. Also, entropy generation was calculated and reduction up to 5% was shown for paraffin + fin in comparison with the conventional one. Moreover, variations of the Rayleigh number for proposed cases are calculated too.
关键词： Energy,Critical operating temperature,Entropy,Photovoltaic,PCM,Exergy
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
-
[IEEE 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Chicago, IL, USA (2019.6.16-2019.6.21)] 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Comparison of TPT and Thermally Conductive Backsheets in One-Cell Modules: Weather and Climate Dependence
摘要： Various improved backsheet materials have been developed and used by the industry to reduce the module operating temperatures. The focus of this paper is to evaluate the thermal characteristics of modules having thermally conductive backsheets (TCB) exposed in three different climatic conditions over two years. In this work, 30 one-cell PV modules with glass/EVA/cell/EVA/backsheet were fabricated using 2 different thermally conductive backsheets (TCB_A and TCB_B) and their backsheet temperatures were compared with conventional tedlar-polyester-tedlar (TPT) under different climatic conditions. The results clearly show that TCB_A operates at lower temperatures compared to TPT under hot climatic conditions with higher ambient temperatures and wind blowing from west direction at speeds 1-2 m/s. On the other hand, TCB_B operates at lower temperature than TPT under temperate climatic conditions with ambient temperatures between 25 and 35 °C and wind blowing from east direction at speeds 2-3 m/s.
关键词： weather dependence,degradation rate,thermally conductive backsheet,module operating temperature,TPT
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
-
Effects of sintering temperature on sensing properties of WO <sub/>3</sub> and Ag-WO <sub/>3</sub> electrode for NO <sub/>2</sub> sensor
摘要： Pure WO3 and Ag-WO3 (mixed solid solutions Ag with WO3) have been successfully synthesized by sol-gel method and the influences of calcination temperature on the particle size, morphology of the WO3 and Ag-WO3 nanoparticles were investigated. Powder X-ray diffraction results show that the hexagonal to monoclinic phase transition occurs at calcination temperature varying from 300°C to 500°C. SEM images show that calcination temperature plays an important role in controlling the particle size and morphology of the as-prepared WO3 and Ag-WO3 nanoparticles. The NO2 gas sensing properties of the sensors based on WO3 and Ag-WO3 nanoparticles calcined at different temperatures were investigated and the experimental results exhibit that the gas sensing properties of the Ag-WO3 sensors were superior to those of the pure WO3. Especially, the sensor based on Ag-WO3 calcined at 500°C possessed larger response, better selectivity, faster response/recovery and better longer-term stability to NO2 than the others at relatively low operating temperature (150°C).
关键词： tungsten trioxide,sintering temperature,low operating temperature,gas sensing properties
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
-
Influence of Interfacial Traps on the Operating Temperature of Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： In this paper, by developing a mathematical model, the temperature of PSCs under different operating conditions has been calculated. It is found that by reducing the density of tail states at the interfaces through some passivation mechanisms, the operating temperature can be decreased significantly at higher applied voltages. The results show that if the density of tail states at the interfaces is reduced by three orders of magnitude through some passivation mechanisms, then the active layer may not undergo any phase change up to an ambient temperature 300 K and it may not degrade up to 320 K. The calculated heat generation at the interfaces at different applied voltages with and without passivation shows reduced heat generation after reducing the density of tail states at the interfaces. It is expected that this study provides a deeper understanding of the influence of interface passivation on the operating temperature of PSCs.
关键词： interface passivation,perovskite solar cells,degradation,operating temperature
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04