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[IEEE 2019 IEEE International Symposium on Measurements & Networking (M&N) - Catania, Italy (2019.7.8-2019.7.10)] 2019 IEEE International Symposium on Measurements & Networking (M&N) - Water monitoring in smart cities exploiting plastic optical fibers and molecularly imprinted polymers. The case of PFBS detection
摘要： The detection of perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS) in water is presented for the first time exploiting a low-cost optical chemical sensing strategy, based on plastic optical fibers and molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), able to detect pollutants in water. The sensor's response measured in this work for the detection of PFBS is similar to the one obtained with Perfluorooctanesulfonate and investigated. The detection limit of PFBS is considered of interest when compared to those obtained by using different expensive traditional approaches, e.g. high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). Moreover, the use of this sensing approach is a very attractive perspective for fast, in situ, and remote low-cost detection of pollutants in water for smart cities applications.
关键词： molecularly imprinted polymers,pollutants,PFAs,Surface plasmon resonance,plastic optical fibers,optical fiber sensors,water quality,PFBS,Chemical sensors
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Ultra-Thin Fiber Laser Hydrophone With Static Pressure Equalization and Improved Response
摘要： In this paper, we propose a new scheme that combines a capillary tube with an elastic cavity to develop a thin fiber laser hydrophone (FLH) with static pressure equalization, enhanced dynamic pressure sensitivity and broadband flat response. We demonstrate the improvement on the hydrophone response characteristics by introducing the compensation structure into a diaphragm-based FLH. A hydrophone prototype with a diameter of 7.2 mm was packaged and the hydrophone has a flat pressure sensitivity of 9×10-3 pm/Pa (120 dB re Hz/Pa) over a bandwidth from 40 Hz to 4 kHz. The static pressure sensitivity is ?11×10-6 pm/Pa in the measurement range of 0 to 3 MPa.
关键词： Sonar arrays,optical fiber lasers,hydrophones,optical fiber sensors,pressure equalization
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Comparative Investigation of Gamma Radiation Effects on Long Period Gratings and Optical Power in Different Optical Fibers
摘要： This work presents a comparative study regarding the effects of gamma radiation on standard and different radiation hardened optical fibers, by means of arc-induced long period gratings (LPGs) written in these fibers. In particular, the resonance wavelength shift (Δλres) of LPG attenuation bands and the attenuation in the fiber transmitted optical power (ΔP) have been comparatively explored during irradiation. Different responses were observed depending on the fiber model. The Ge-doped fiber exhibits significant changes of both resonance wavelength and optical transmission loss, whereas the pure silica core fiber is mostly insensitive to radiation (Δλres and ΔP keep almost close to zero). Surprisingly, the radiation resistant fiber, with doped core, exhibits significant resonance shift even if with trivial power losses. In addition, by combining these results with numerical modeling of LPGs, we were able to estimate the radiation effects on the optical fibers under investigation, in terms of average refractive index change. These results can be useful for the application of such devices in radiation environments, i.e., for the development of both radiation sensitive and radiation hardened sensors.
关键词： optical fiber sensors,Gamma-ray effects,Gamma-ray detectors,optical fiber applications,Dosimetry,long period gratings
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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[IEEE 2019 41st Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC) - Berlin, Germany (2019.7.23-2019.7.27)] 2019 41st Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) - Optical fiber sensors for monitoring in critical care
摘要： Monitoring of key physiological and pharmacological parameters is an important part of a closed loop control system in critical care. Optical fiber sensors provide a versatile platform technology that can be easily incorporated into existing in-dwelling catheters or face masks. With appropriate functional coatings they can be used to monitor a range of relevant parameters and two different examples are presented: (i) respiration monitoring; (ii) drug level monitoring. Respiration monitoring involves monitoring of temperature and humidity in inhaled and exhaled breath. The optical fiber sensor consists of a fiber Bragg grating to measure temperature and a tip coating whose refractive index changes with humidity. The sensor is demonstrated to be able to track breath to breath changes when incorporated into a mask. Drug level monitoring is demonstrated in vitro using a long period grating coated with molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles that are sensitive to fentanyl. The sensor has a limit of detection of 50ng/ml.
关键词： respiration monitoring,optical fiber sensors,drug level monitoring,critical care,fentanyl
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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[IEEE 2018 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC ) - Houston, TX, USA (2018.5.14-2018.5.17)] 2018 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC) - Experimental evaluation of low-cost interrogation techniques for FBG sensors
摘要： In this paper, the experimental investigation of two simple, cost-effective interrogation techniques based on optical power measurement for fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) sensors are presented. The first technique proposed employs each channel of a CWDM demultiplexer as an edge filter to modulate the optical power reflected by each sensing FBG, allowing for an array of FBG sensors to be interrogated simultaneously, sharing the same broadband light source (BLS) and interrogation system. In the second technique, the optical power reflected by a single sensing FBG is modulated directly by the transmission spectrum of the BLS, allowing for a simpler interrogation system. Both techniques rely on a compact, low-cost optoelectronic circuit developed for the acquisition and measurement of the optical signals. With resolutions of up to 1.26 pm for a mechanical strain sensor, or an equivalent 0.09 oC for a temperature sensor, experimental results show that both techniques are accurate, reliable, and suitable for applications where the only requirement is the monitoring of the spectral position of the Bragg wavelength (λB) of the FBG sensors, replacing more expensive, general-purpose FBG interrogators available in the market. Since FBGs are passive, lightweight, and provide dielectric insulation, the proposed techniques are suitable for temperature or mechanical strain measurements in hostile environments in which the use of conventional sensors must be avoided, such as in high voltage power lines and cables, and explosive atmospheres.
关键词： fiber Bragg gratings,temperature measurement,temperature sensors,optical fiber sensors
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Real-time signal processing for sub-THz range grating-based distributed fiber sensing
摘要： Distributed optical fiber sensors are an increasingly utilized method of gathering distributed strain and temperature data. However, the large amount of data they generate presents a challenge that limits their use in real-time, in situ applications. This article describes a parallel and pipelined computing architecture that accelerates the signal-processing speed of sub-terahertz fiber sensor arrays, maintaining high spatial resolution while allowing for expanded use of real-time sensing and control applications. The computing architecture described was successfully implemented in a field programmable gate array chip. The signal processing for the entire array takes only 12 system clock cycles. In addition, this design removes the necessity of storing any raw or intermediate data.
关键词： distributed optical fiber sensors,real-time signal processing,sub-THz range,FPGA,grating-based
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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A MEMS Accelerometer Based on Wavelength Modulation Using an Integrated Blazed Grating
摘要： This paper reports a MEMS optical fiber accelerometer with an integrated blazed grating as wavelength modulation component. The accelerometer includes a V-shape cantilever beam, a vertically symmetrical proof mass and an integrated blazed grating. The accelerometer prototype is fabricated with bulk micromachining processes and is tested. The bandwidth of the accelerometer is 200Hz. The optical sensitivity and nonlinearity of the measure range ±5.2g is 1.63nm/g @100Hz and 0.06% respectively. The x-axis and y-axis cross-axis sensitivities are 2% and 4.5% respectively. In the full temperature range of -20?C to 200 ?C, the temperature sensitivity is 2.8pm/ ?C. Thanks to the mentioned characteristics, the proposed MEMS accelerometer could have a wide range of applications, such as rail traffic and attitude heading sensing applications.
关键词： blazed grating,microsensors,optical fiber sensors,micromachining,Accelerometers,Microelectromechanical systems
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Fabrication and characterization of single-step optical microfiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer refractive index sensors
摘要： In this study, exploiting a new single-step process, in-line Mach-Zehnder interferometers (M-MZIs) on microfibers of different diameters are fabricated and their refractive-index (RI) sensitivities and temperature stabilities are characterized. The M-MZI comprises a microfiber with two functionalizing miniature down-tapers inscribed along its longitudinal direction. It is fabricated exploiting a selectively modulated arc-discharge assisted fiber heating and pulling one-step process. In this new technique, inserted short time OFF-switches in the heating arc signal, while the fiber ends are pulled, induce additional micro-tapers on the thinned fiber is being fabricated. The resultant one-step M-MZIs show extremely high interference visibilities up to ~34 dB and high RI sensitivities up to 2271.3 nm/RI-unit around RI = 1.368. The results show that, with reducing the diameter of the structures, in addition to the higher RI sensitivity, very low temperature coefficient (~5.2 pm/°C for 8 μm sample) will be achieved. These M-MZIs have high stability, flexibility, reproducibility and low fabrication cost.
关键词： Microsensors,Interferometers,Optical fiber sensors
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Full-scale monitoring system for structural prestress loss based on distributed brillouin sensing technique
摘要： Prestress loss is critical to impact the safety of prestressed structures. Unfortunately, up to date, there are no qualified techniques to handle this issue due to the fact that it is too hard for sensors to survive the harsh construction environments and the time-dependent service life of the large-span prestressed structures. This paper proposes a novel technique to monitor prestress loss in prestressed beams using Brillouin optical fiber sensors. A novel smart steel strand based on the sensing technique of full-scale Brillouin optical fiber sensors was introduced. Two kinds of prestressed structure were used to verify the concept of monitoring prestress loss using smart steel strands. The prestress loss data have been taken by Brillouin optical fiber sensors. And the monitoring results agree well with those from the conventional sensors. The monitoring data can reveal both the full-scale distribution and the time history of prestress loss during the construction stage and also in-service phrase.
关键词： Brillouin optical fiber sensors,full-scale monitoring,smart steel strand,prestress loss
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Infiltrated Photonic Crystal Fibers for Sensing Applications
摘要： Photonic crystal ?bers (PCFs) are a special class of optical ?bers with a periodic arrangement of microstructured holes located in the ?ber’s cladding. Light con?nement is achieved by means of either index-guiding, or the photonic bandgap effect in a low-index core. Ever since PCFs were ?rst demonstrated in 1995, their special characteristics, such as potentially high birefringence, very small or high nonlinearity, low propagation losses, and controllable dispersion parameters, have rendered them unique for many applications, such as sensors, high-power pulse transmission, and biomedical studies. When the holes of PCFs are ?lled with solids, liquids or gases, unprecedented opportunities for applications emerge. These include, but are not limited in, supercontinuum generation, propulsion of atoms through a hollow ?ber core, ?ber-loaded Bose–Einstein condensates, as well as enhanced sensing and measurement devices. For this reason, in?ltrated PCF have been the focus of intensive research in recent years. In this review, the fundamentals and fabrication of PCF in?ltrated with different materials are discussed. In addition, potential applications of in?ltrated PCF sensors are reviewed, identifying the challenges and limitations to scale up and commercialize this novel technology.
关键词： optical fiber sensors,photonic crystal fibers,optofluidics,plasmonic sensors,liquid crystals
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46