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A Facile Microwave-Assisted Hydrothermal Synthesis of Graphene Quantum Dots for Organic Solar Cell Efficiency Improvement
摘要： Carbon-based nanomaterials have successively remained at the forefront of different research fields and applications for years. Understanding of low-dimension carbon material family (CNT, fullerenes, graphene, and graphene quantum dots) has arrived at a certain extension. In this report, graphene quantum dots were synthesized from graphene oxide with a microwave-assisted hydrothermal method. Compared with conventional time-consuming hydrothermal routes, this novel method requires a much shorter time, around ten minutes. Successful formation of quantum dots derived from graphene sheets was verified with microscopic and spectroscopic characterization. Nanoparticles present a diameter of about 2-8 nm, blue emission under ultraviolet excitation, and good dispersion in polar solvents and can be collected in powder form. The synthesized graphene quantum dots were utilized as a hole transport layer in organic solar cells to enhance the cell quantum efficiency. Such quantum dots possess energy levels (Ec and Ev) relevant to HOMO and LUMO levels of conductive polymers. Mixing P3HT:PCBM polymer and graphene quantum dots of sufficient extent notably helps reduce potential difference at interfaces of the two materials. Overall efficiency consequently advances to 1.43%, an increase of more than 44% compared with pristine cells (0.99%).
关键词： microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis,organic solar cells,graphene quantum dots,efficiency improvement
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Tuning the optoelectronic properties of Benzo Thiophene (BT-CIC) based Non-Fullerene Acceptor Organic Solar Cell
摘要： Organic solar cells have become a center of attention in the field of research and technology due to its remarkable features. In current research work, we designed Benzo Thiophene (BT-CIC) based non-fullerene acceptor organic solar cell having A-D-A novel structure. The designed structures D1-D4 were derived from BT-CIC (non-fullerene acceptor) by replacing 2-(5,6-dichloro-2-methylene-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-ylidene)acetonitrile of reference molecule R with different electron withdrawing end-capper acceptor moieties. The e?ect of end acceptor groups on absorption, energy level, charge transport, morphology, and photovoltaic properties of the designed molecules (D1-D4) were investigated by TD-DFT B3LYP/6-31G basic level of theory and compared with reference molecule R. Among all novel structures, D3 exhibited maximum absorption (λmax) of 701.7nm and 755.2 nm in gaseous state and chloroform respectively. The red shift in D3 was due presence of strong electron withdrawing acceptor moiety and more extended conjugation as compared to other structures. D3 also displayed lowest values of energy band gap (1.97 eV), λe (0.0063 eV) and λh (0.0099 eV) and which signify its ease electron mobility. Lowest value of binding energy 1.20 eV of D3 suggested that this molecule could be easily dissociated into charge carriers TDM results revealed that easy exciton dissociation occurred in D3. Overall, designed structure D3 was found to be more effective and efficient acceptor molecule for SMOSCs. The findings provide novel information for the development of non-fullerene acceptors for OPVs.
关键词： theoretical studies,opto-electronic properties,benzothiophene,organic solar cells,Non-Fullerene Acceptor
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Application of Plasmonic Nanoantennas in Enhancing the Efficiency of Organic Solar Cells
摘要： It is known that the periodic use of silver nanoantennas in organic solar cells increases the e?ciency of light absorption. In this study, we performed a geometric parametric analysis of nanoantennas using the ?nite element method. Based on the study of the convex truncated cone nanoantenna, we have found that a nanoantenna arrangement formed by the convex truncated cone nanoantenna along with a pyramidal nanoantenna provides a better solution for di?erent angles of light incidence compared to a single nanoantenna. We obtained a mean increase in the absorption e?ciency of this organic solar cell, both for the TM and TE polarizations, compared to the use of the conventional nanoantenna in the wavelength range of 300–800 nm.
关键词： convex truncated cone nanoantenna,organic solar cells,finite element method,pyramidal nanoantenna,plasmonic nanoantennas,light absorption
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Fullerenea??Based Interlayers for Breaking Energy Barriers in Organic Solar Cells
摘要： Organic solar cells (OSCs) are lightweight, flexible, and have easy solution processability, thus making them advantageous for large-area device fabrication. The interlayer materials between the electrodes and organic active layer are vital elements for device fabrication. Recently, solution-processable fullerene derivatives have been studied intensively as efficient electrode interlayer materials for solar cell applications. In this Minireview, we summarize recent advances using fullerene derivatives as interlayers in OSCs. The examples include fullerene interlayers from small molecules to polymers, and to organic composites or organic/inorganic hybrid materials. We focus on the comprehensive efforts in developing fullerene-based interlayers and present the understanding of multiple functionalities of these materials as cathode interlayers in bulk hetero-junction (BHJ) OSCs. Our motivation is to describe our current understanding, recent progress, and outstanding issues of fullerene interlayers in OSCs, and propose future potential directions and opportunities.
关键词： fullerenes,interlayers,organic solar cells,surface modifications,interface engineering
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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A a????-Holea??-Containing Volatile Solid Additive Enabling 16.5% Efficiency Organic Solar Cells
摘要： Here we introduce a σ-hole containing volatile solid additive, 1, 4-diiodotetrafluorobenzene (A3), in PM6:Y6 based OSCs. Aside from the appropriate volatility of A3 additive, the synergetic halogen interactions between A3 and photoactive matrix contribute to more condensed and ordered molecular arrangement in the favorable interpenetrating donor/acceptor domains. As a result, greatly accelerated charge transport process with suppressed charge recombination possibility is observed and ultimately a champion PCE value of 16.5% is achieved. Notably, the A3 treated OSCs can maintain a high efficiency of over 16.0% in a wide concentration range of A3 additive between 10 and 35 mg/ml. The A3 treated device shows excellent stability with an efficiency of 15.9% after 360 hours’ storage. This work demonstrates that the σ-hole interaction can be applied to enhance the OSC performance and highlights the importance of non-covalent interactions in the optoelectronic materials.
关键词： volatile solid additive,σ-hole,organic solar cells,halogen interactions,charge transport
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Development of Block Copolymers with Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Segments as Compatibilizers in Non-Fullerene Organic Solar Cells
摘要： P3HT-segment-based block copolymers have been reported to deliver an effective compatibilizer function in the P3HT:PC61BM bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) system to simultaneously improve performance and stability. However, as limited by the deficient optophysic properties of the P3HT:PC61BM system, the resultant power conversion efficiency (PCE) of compatibilizer-mediated devices is low despite the optimized chemical structures of the P3HT-segment-based block copolymers. To better shed light on such compatibilizer effect, the compatibilizer function of the P3HT-segment-based block copolymers is herein investigated in the emerging non-fullerene acceptor (NFA)-based BHJ systems. A P3HT analogue, poly[(4,4′-bis(2-butyloctoxycarbonyl-[2,2′-bithiophene]-5,5-diyl)-alt-(2,2′-bithiophene-5,5′-diyl)] (PDCBT), is used as the polymer donor since it shares the same backbone as P3HT to afford good compatibility with the P3HT-segment-based block copolymers and it has been proven to deliver a higher PCE than P3HT in the NFA BHJ systems. The P3HT-segment-based block copolymers (P1-P4) are manifested to offer similar compatibilizer function for the PDCBT-based NFA BHJ systems and the importance of their structural design is also revealed. As a result, addition of P4 delivers the largest enhancement in PCE: from 5.30% to 7.11% for the PDCBT:ITIC blend and from 6.21% to 8.04% for the PDCBT:IT-M blend. Moreover, it can also enhance device’s thermal stability, which can maintain 77% of initial PCE after annealing at 85 oC for 120 h (for the PDCBT:ITIC blend), outperforming the pristine binary device (66% preservation). More importantly, all the compatibilizer-mediated device exhibits an improved Voc. Such reduced potential loss can be attributed to the improved interfacial compatibility between the photoactive components, the most important function of a compatibilizer.
关键词： compatibilizer,poly(3-hexylthiophene) segment,non-fullerene acceptor,organic solar cells,Block copolymers
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Inorganic molecule-induced electron transfer complex for highly efficient organic solar cells
摘要： Interfacial engineering of electrode modification has been proved to be an effective approach for improving the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar cells (OSCs). However, compared to the advance in active layer, the study of interfacial modification is seriously lagging behind and the contribution of electrode modification to the PCE enhancement is marginalized. Herein, we synthesized a series of polynuclear metal-oxo clusters (PMCs) with gradually varied chemical composition and photoelectronic properties, by which an efficient and stable hole extraction layer was developed to enhance OSC efficiencies. The PCE of the OSC modified by PMC-4 was improved from 15.7% to 16.3% as compared to the PEDOT:PSS device. Moreover, PMC-4 can be fabricated through solution processing without any post-treatment, and the corresponding device shows improved long-term stability. As revealed for the first time, the strong oxidizing property of PMC can induce the formation of inorganic-organic electron transfer complex with a barrier-free interface for efficient hole extraction. Furthermore, experimental data and theoretical calculation results reveal that the molecular polarization of mixed-addenda PMCs can enhance the capacitance at the AIL/active layer interfaces. As a result, the mixed-addenda PMCs can be processed by blade-coating to make a large-area OSC of 1 cm2, and a certified PCE of 14.3% was achieved.
关键词： power conversion efficiency,hole extraction layer,polynuclear metal-oxo clusters,organic solar cells,interfacial engineering
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Blade-coated efficient and stable large-area organic solar cells with optimized additive
摘要： For the fabrication of large-area devices, achieving both excellent photovoltaic performance and device stability simultaneously is the key to commercialization of organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, non-fullerene OSCs with various additives (1,8-diiodooctane (DIO), 1,8-octanedithiol (ODT), chloronaphthalene (CN)) were fabricated by blade-coating in ambient environment. It was demonstrated that all these three additives can improve device performance. However, CN based device shows only a slightly increased power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.34% as compared to the device without additive (PCE=9.19%). Although DIO based device presents an increased PCE of 9.87%, the corresponding device stability is poor. Impressively, due to the enhanced crystallization as well as the small and pure domains, the device with ODT additive not only possesses higher photovoltaic performance (PCE of 10.20%), but also exhibits better device stability. In addition, ODT based large-area device (90 mm2) prepared by blade-coating also exhibits a high PCE of 8.59%, showing great potential in fabricating efficient and stable large-area organic solar cells.
关键词： Stability,Organic solar cells,Large-area,Blade-coating,Additive
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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A 3D nonfullerene electron acceptor with a 9,9a?2-bicarbazole backbone for high-efficiency organic solar cells
摘要： One-dimensional ladder-type nonfullerene electron acceptors (NFAs) with large fused ring cores have been widely used in highly efficient organic solar cells (OSCs). Recent studies have demonstrated that small molecule acceptors with three-dimensional (3D) structures may exhibit low energy loss, and hence can lead to improved OSC performance. In this study, a new 3D NFA (99CZ-8F) with a 9,9'-bicarbazole backbone was designed, synthesized, and characterized, where two linear A-D-A architectures were linked by a single N-N bond. 99CZ-8F showed strong absorption in the range of 500-800 nm in the solid state, which is complementary to the absorption of the donor material PM6. After regulating the morphology of the active layer via binary solvent mixture, the optimized device exhibited a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 6.6 – 0.1 %, which is among the best reported values for 3D nonfullerene electron acceptor based OSCs.
关键词： Organic solar cells,end-capped groups,3D molecular structure,bicarbazole,nonfullerene electron acceptor
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Enhanced photovoltaic performance of benzodithiophene-alt-bis(thiophen-2-yl)quinoxaline polymers via ??a??bridge engineering for non-fullerene organic solar cells
摘要： A series of novel alternating polymers, namely P(BDTO-TTFQ), P(BDTT-TTFQ), and P(BDTSi-TTFQ), incorporating electron-rich benzo [1,2-b:4,5-b?]dithiophene (BDT) derivatives, namely 4,8-bis(2-butyloctyloxy)benzo [1,2-b:4,5-b?]dithiophene (BDTO), 4,8-bis(5-(2-butyloctyl)thiophen-2-yl)benzo [1,2-b:4,5-b?]dithiophene (BDTT), and 4,8-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)-benzo [1,2-b:4,5-?]dithiophene (BDTSi), as well as electron-deficient 5,8-bis(5-(4-hexylthiophen-2-yl)thiophen-2-yl)-2,3-didodecyl-6,7-difluoroquinoxaline (TTFQ) units were prepared. The photo-physical, electrochemical, crystallinity, curvature, charge transport, and photovoltaic properties of the TTFQ-based polymers were investigated thoroughly and compared briefly to those of structurally similar 2,3-didodecyl-6,7-difluoro-5,8-di(thiophen-2-yl)quinoxaline (TFQ)-based polymers, namely P(BDTO-TFQ), P(BDTT-TFQ), and P(BDTSi-TFQ), containing BDTO, BDTT, and BDTSi. This study confirmed that the incorporation of additional π bridges (3-hxeylthiophene) between the BDT and TFQ units of P(BDTO-TFQ), P(BDTT-TFQ), and P(BDTSi-TFQ) do not significantly alter the properties of the polymers P(BDTO-TFQ) and P(BDTT-TFQ), but do significantly alter the properties of P(BDTSi-TFQ). Consequently, the polymers P(BDTO-TTFQ) and P(BDTT-TTFQ) exhibit comparable power conversion efficiencies (PCEs, 3.99% and 6.69%, respectively) to those of P(BDTO-TFQ) and P(BDTT-TFQ) (3.49% and 7.06%, respectively), but P(BDTSi-TTFQ) exhibits a significantly improved PCE of 6.21% compared to that of P(BDTSi-TFQ) (0.75%).
关键词： Side-chain influences,Organic solar cells,Effects of main-chain modification
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57