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Superweak Coordinating Anion as Superstrong Enhancer of Cyanine Organic Semiconductor Properties
摘要： The superweak tetrakis(nonafluoro-tert-butoxy)aluminate coordinating anion was employed to introduce pseudo-gas-phase conditions to the 2-[5-(1,3-dihydro-1,3,3-trimethyl-2H-indol-2-ylidene)-1,3-pentadien-1-yl]-1,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indolium chromophore. The resulting formation of a photoactive organic–inorganic hybrid salt has led to a highly stabilized excited state of the organic chromophore mainly due to the minimized lattice energy and Coulomb interactions. These highly beneficial features caused by the well dispersed negative charge of the anion have led to an enhanced neat spin-casted film fluorescence intensity, prolonged fluorescence lifetime, smooth thin film surfaces and a record power photovoltaic efficiency of 3.8 % when compared to organic salts of this particular chromophore containing anions with localised negative charge. Clear evidence is given that a superweak coordinating anion is an emerging key parameter in cyanine dye photochemistry. This approach can be seen as a general guideline to prepare highly efficient ionic dyes for organic semiconductor applications.
关键词： Weakly coordinating anions,fluorescence,organic photovoltaics,cyanine dyes,lattice energy
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Synthesis and investigation of charge transport properties in adducts of hole transporting carbazole derivatives and push-pull azobenzenes
摘要： In order to investigate the viability of a material design for bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells, where hole transporting group is bound to the donor moiety, we report the synthesis and charge transport characteristics of 3-(diphenylamino)carbazolyl- functionalized derivatives of 2-(4-((4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)diazenyl)benzylidene)-1H-indene-1,3-dione (DMAAzi) chromophore. Three different bounding configurations were examined in these adducts. Additionally, a trityl- functionalized derivative of DMAAzi was prepared and used for comparison purposes. All of the synthesized materials form thin amorphous films from volatile organic solvents and exhibit glass transition temperatures in the range from 89 °C to 124 °C. The molecular ionization energy and electron affinity energy levels in thin films were measured. Photo-induced time of flight (ToF) method was used in to determine charge carrier drift mobilities. It was found out that the formation of deep charge trap states with local energies at approximately 0.60 - 0.78 eV takes place and has a considerable negative effect on the hole drift mobility of the investigated compounds.
关键词： charge transport,molecular glasses,carbazole,organic photovoltaics,azobenzene dyes
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Experimental performance of commercial OPV panels tested outdoor
摘要： This work presents the experimental performance of commercial versions of organic photovoltaic (OPV) panels. Twenty four commercialized OPV panels of two different sizes (2.52 × 0.52 m and 1.29 × 0.52 m) were examined. Unfortunately, the company that provides the panels does not inform the technology behind the OPV they commercialize, but it provided a datasheet. We designed an outdoor test bench to make a parallelization between the commercial technology and scientific literature. The panels were bonded over a 0.04-m-thick acrylic layer to provide mechanical resistance and a clear view of the backside. The test bench was designed to allow panel tilt angles to be varied manually. We measured the total, beam, and diffuse radiation, along with the solar spectrum and all environmental conditions. Various topologies were tested, and results of power conversion efficiency (PCE) are presented. PCE was approximately 2% for all OPV panels, and was nearly stable during the four months of testing. PCE provided in the datasheet is ~3%, suggesting a loss of efficiency during the burn-in period.
关键词： outdoor tests,Organic photovoltaics (OPV),photovoltaic technology
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Infrared Absorption Imaging of Water Ingress Into the Encapsulation of (Opto-)Electronic Devices
摘要： Water ingress into the encapsulation of electronic devices is a serious issue, especially for organic and perovskite-based electronics. In order to guide the development of suitable barrier materials and design, a reliable, fast, and non-destructive analysis tool is required. In this work, an imaging setup is presented, which is based on selective infrared (IR) radiation sources and a mid- IR sensitive camera that uses the absorption band of water around 1920 nm and a reference band. This system enables us to monitor the distribution of water concentration inside the packaging of devices and its change over time. Our measurement is capable of detecting the local presence of water down to the mg/m2 concentration range in a wide variety of encapsulation materials. The new tool allows identifying the pathways of moisture ingress into the encapsulation along with the corresponding diffusion coef?cient. Thus, it provides fast and reliable analysis of humidity related failure mechanisms, and consequently helps to improve the design of encapsulation materials and processes.
关键词： optical signal detection,Degradation,organic photovoltaics (PVs),packaging,diffusion processes
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14