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Degradation and inactivation of adenovirus in water by photo-electro-oxidation
摘要： The present study analyzed the efficiency of the photo-electro-oxidation process as a method for degradation and inactivation of adenovirus in water. The experimental design employed a solution prepared from sterile water containing 5.107 genomic copies/L (gc/L) of a standard strain of human adenovirus type 5 (HAdV-5) divided into two equal parts, one to serve as control and one treated by photo-electro-oxidation (PEO) for 3 hours and with a 5A current. Samples collected throughout the exposure process were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for viral genome identification and quantitation. Prior to gene extraction, a parallel DNAse treatment step was carried out to assess the integrity of viral particles. Integrated cell culture (ICC) analyses assessed the viability of infection in a cell culture. The tested process proved effective for viral degradation, with a 7 log10 reduction in viral load after 60 minutes of treatment. The DNAse-treated samples exhibited complete reduction of viral load after a 75 minute exposure to the process, and ICC analyses showed completely non-viable viral particles at 30 minutes of treatment.
关键词： advanced oxidation process,water,adenovirus,photo-electro-oxidation
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Europium-Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols to Aldehydes/Ketones and Photoluminescence Tracking
摘要： Europium is a lanthanide rare-earth metal and is known as a key element in luminophore development. Since europium has two relatively stable oxidation states, Eu2+ and Eu3+, which is exceptional among the various lanthanide elements, we have developed a europium-catalyzed aerobic oxidation with external oxidants utilizing the redox cycle of Eu2+/Eu3+. The reaction was performed under mild conditions with a wide substrate scope. The photoluminescence spectra clearly demonstrate the oxidation state changes that occur during the presented europium-catalyzed aerobic oxidation.
关键词： europium,oxidation,redox cycle,photoluminescence,homogeneous catalysis
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Composite materials based on active carbon/TiO2 for photocatalytic water purification
摘要： The present work describes the preparations of active carbon (AC) – titania composites with different AC/TiO2 ratio, their characterization using XRD, BET and SEM and evaluation of adsorption capacity and photocatalytic activity in aqueous solution using azo-dye Acid Orange 7 (AO7). Composite materials based on AC/TiO2 were prepared from commercial active carbon (1737 m2/g) and TiO2 (P25, 45 m2/g) materials by the mixing method. The studied parameters were the ratio of AC/TiO2, hydrothermal treatment and milling of as-prepared composites. The composites show increased BET surface area proportional to the content of AC in the material. The disappearance of AO7 is due to the combination two processes, e. g. adsorption and photocatalytic oxidation which takes place in parallel. Thus the overall removal of AO7 has been corrected on adsorption (measured in dark) to obtain the rate of AO7 disappearance due to photocatalytic oxidation (PO). The optimum ratio of AC/TiO2 was found to be 0.23 where PO rate is only slightly lower than that for P25 and overall AO7 removal is twice higher than for P25 itself. The less intensive (low-frequency) milling of the composite results in the decrease of carbon particle size, increase in AO7 adsorption and decline in the PO of AO7. More intensive milling (high-frequency) results in the decrease of the anatase content, appearance of the small amount of brookite and almost negligible PO rate of AO7. Irradiation of low-frequency milled AC/TiO2 composite in aqueous suspensions resulted in the generation of a comparable concentration of hydroxyl radical spin-adduct (?DMPO-OH) as non-milled composite, high-frequency milled composite revealed substantially lower ?DMPO-OH concentration which can be explained by the increased concentration of carbon-centered radicals in AC acting as scavengers of photogenerated electrons.
关键词： adsorption,Active carbon,P25,EPR spectroscopy,AO7,photocatalytic oxidation
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Au nanoparticles supported on nanorod-like TiO2 as catalysts in the CO-PROX reaction under dark and light irradiation: Effect of acidic and alkaline synthesis conditions
摘要： Gold nanoparticles precipitated-deposited on titania nanostructures (1.0 wt% nominal loading) were studied in the preferential CO oxidation in excess of H2 at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, both in dark and under simulated solar light irradiation. Titania supports were synthesized by means of two hydrothermal methods markedly acid and basic, giving rise to rutile nanorods and anatase deformed nanorods structures, respectively. Characterization techniques such as N2 physisorption, XRD, XPS, DRUV-vis, HRTEM and XRF were performed in order to study the chemical, structural and optical properties of the catalysts. Well defined rutile nanorods structures were obtained from the acidic treatment allowing a regular distribution of gold nanoparticles and resulting quite active in the CO-PROX reaction. In particular the sample from the acidic synthetic approach calcined at 700 °C displayed the best results as it was highly selective to CO2 under both dark and simulated solar light irradiation.
关键词： Photocatalysis,CO preferential oxidation,Gold nanoparticles,Titania nanorods,Simulated solar light
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Mixed-metal organic framework-coated ZnO nanowires array for efficient photoelectrochemical water oxidation
摘要： Designing of high-performance photoanodes is essential for efficient solar energy conversion in photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. Herein, we report an effective approach to synthesize three dimensional (3D) mixed-metal organic framework-coated ZnO nanowires array (ZnNi MOF@ZnO) for the effective PEC performance. The ZnO nanowires act as photon absorber as well as rapid charge transporter; whilst the ZnNi MOF provides the active sites for PEC process by lowering the energy barrier of water oxidation and suppressing electron-hole recombination. The 3D nanostructure of ZnNi MOF@ZnO nanowires array provides intimate interfacial contact through covalent interactions between the ZnNi MOF and ZnO nanowires which facilitates the rapid charge transfer during photocatalytic oxygen evolution reactions. As a result, the ZnNi MOF@ZnO nanowires array exhibited excellent photoelectrochemical water oxidation with very low onset potential (0.31 V vs. RHE) and high photocurrent density (1.40 mA/cm2) as compared to the Zn MOF @ZnO and ZnO nanowires array. This facile strategy provides a promising direction towards high performance photoanode design for adequate solar energy conversion.
关键词： Metal organic frameworks (MOFs),Photoelectrocatalyst,Nanowires array,Photoelectrochemical water oxidation,Photoanodes
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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UV-activated persulfate oxidation of 17β-estradiol: Implications for discharge water remediation
摘要： The female sexual hormone, 17β-estradiol (E2), was chosen as a model emerging contaminant to study its degradation kinetics using UV-activated persulfate (UV/PS). Our objective was to quantify the effectiveness of UV/PS coupled with slow-release technology to degrade E2 in real wastewater using a systematic design flow-through system. This was accomplished by quantifying the effects on E2 degradation rates of the initial PS or E2 concentration, initial pH, constituent ions, turbidity, humic acids, and real wastewater. The results showed that the E2 degradation rates increased with increasing PS concentration. The presence of other constituent ions (NO3–, Cl–, HCO3–) resulted in varying degradation rates due to the formation of active and less reactive radicals. Humic acid had higher significant impact on the rates than did turbidity. In addition, the observed degradation rates (0.140 min-1) in Deionized water were much higher than those observed in real wastewater matrix (0.001 min-1). Biodegradable soywax was the best binding agent that provided sustained delivery of PS thus resulting in better E2 removal than with other waxes. But treating E2 with PS soywax in a wastewater matrix, our flow-through system was able to maintain the E2 concentration below 50% in the contact tank (~150 min) and able to continually remove E2 up to 65% (~240 min) in the effluent reservoir. The overall results supported the use of UV-activated slow-release PS to treat discharge water in animal farming.
关键词： influencing factor,slow-release oxidant,17β-estradiol,UV activation,persulfate oxidation,sulfate radical
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Synthesis of Graphene Oxide Nanosheets via Modified Hummers’ Method and Its Physicochemical Properties
摘要： The efficient synthesis of exfoliated graphene oxide nanosheets (GO) via modified Hummers’ method was successfully carried out. The physicochemical properties of GO were determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-visible spectrophotometry (UV-vis), x-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The graphite was fully oxidized by strong oxidizing agent caused the oxygen-containing functional groups such as C-O-C, C=O, and COOH were introduced into the graphite layers as analyzed by Raman and FTIR. XRD pattern of GO showed 2θ of 12.0o with interlayer spacing ~ 7.37A which describe non uniform crystal structure with the addition of oxygen containing functional groups. UV-vis spectrum of GO exhibit maximum absorption peak at ~ 234 nm corresponding to the aromatic C=C bond with π-π* transition. The morphology of GO was observed to have flake-like shape and less transparent layers by TEM. The properties of synthesized GO suggest high potential in producing the high quality of graphene which is can be applied as the electrocatalyst support for direct methanol fuel cell application.
关键词： Graphene oxide nanosheets,characterization,Hummers’ method,graphite,chemical oxidation
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Unsubstituted metallophthalocyanine catalysts for the removal of endocrine disrupting compounds using H2O2 as oxidant
摘要： Advanced oxidation processes have become increasingly important to treat non-biodegradable compounds entering environmental waters. In recent decades, water-soluble metallophthalocyanines have been shown to catalyse H2O2-containing oxidation reactions through the production of unique reactive species, nucleophilic metal-peroxo complexes. Few reports in the literature have examined water insoluble metallophthalocyanines (MPc). The oxidative catalytic activity of water insoluble manganese- and iron-phthalocyanine (MnPc, FePc) at pH 7 has been shown through the decolourisation of methylene blue and removal of bisphenol A. These studies expand on this previous study, exploring the catalytic activity of a range of metallophthalocyanines catalysts under both acidic and neutral conditions. FePc, while only active under neutral conditions, was the best performing catalyst. This activity was significantly improved upon by the addition of acetonitrile as a co-solvent, as well as increasing the ratio of H2O2 to catalyst. MnPc was catalytically active at both pH 3 and 7. FePc and MnPc catalysts showed the ability to remove bisphenol A in the presence of dam water. Reaction rates were reduced for bisphenol A removal with FePc as a catalyst but were unchanged in the presence of MnPc. The removal of 17β-estradiol, estrone, and coumestrol was successfully demonstrated, with greater than 96% removal of all tested EDC’s achieved. This is the first reported study showing the removal of the phytoestrogen, coumestrol. Even though considerably lower concentrations of costly catalysts and oxidation reagents were used in our work, the removal extent of EDC’s by the MPc-catalysed oxidation reactions achieved here compares favourably with literature.
关键词： Bisphenol A,Endocrine disrupting compounds,Metallophthalocyanine,Advanced oxidation processes,Coumestrol
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Study on supercritical water oxidation of o-dichlorobenzene in a quartz micro-reactor with in situ microscope and Raman spectroscopy
摘要： The supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) of o-dichlorobenzene (o-DCB) in a fused quartz capillary reactor was studied by in situ microscope combined with Raman spectroscopy. The influence of oxidant dosage, reaction temperature and time on the o-DCB degradation efficiency was investigated and the reaction kinetics for CO2 yield was explored as well. The obvious phase change of o-DCB-H2O/H2O2 system was observed during the heating and cooling process. The increase in H2O2 dosage, temperature and time enhanced the o-DCB degradation efficiency. The degradation of o-DCB could be attributed to the simultaneous oxidation induced by HO· and O2. The effect of temperature on the o-DCB degradation efficiency and the CO2 yield was not significant at the lower temperature stage but turned to be important at the higher temperature stage. When the oxidant dosage was twice that of chemometry and the temperature and time were 440.0 °C and 4 min, respectively, the o-DCB degradation efficiency reached approximately 100%. Under the same conditions, the CO2 yield was lower than the o-DCB degradation efficiency, indicating that the degradation of o-DCB was a multi-step reaction. The reaction kinetics showed that the kinetics of CO2 production in SCWO followed the pseudo-first order and the apparent activation energy was 172.4 kJ mol?1.
关键词： Microscope,Supercritical water oxidation,O-dichlorobenzene,Fused quartz micro-reactor,Raman spectroscopic
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Front-face and right-angle fluorescence spectroscopy for monitoring extra virgin olive oil spectrum evolution
摘要： Fluorescence spectroscopic techniques were applied in a study in order to monitor the evolution of the spectral pattern of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) samples exposed to indirect light at room temperature. Detailed information was extracted from three-dimensional fluorescence spectra with excitation wavelengths ranging from 230 to 646 nm and emission wavelengths ranging from 250 to 698.5 nm. Relevant emission regions were revealed in FF experiments that were useful to study the variability of the characteristic spectral patterns and to develop fast inspection procedures. Such procedures include simultaneous excitation at wavelengths lower than 400 nm, which was proposed and implemented in a right-angle prototype in order to monitor the evolution of EVOO samples exposed to indirect light. Emission signals at local maxima around 400, 434, 464, 513 and 674 nm were found to be relevant. Ongoing research highlights that hyperspectral images provide spectral patterns of the olives, allowing more precise sorting into categories, which would enable the classification into lots of oils with more homogeneous characteristics for subsequent modelling.
关键词： principal component analysis,oil quality,oxidation,oil storage
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29