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Design of titanium nitride coated PCF-SPR sensor for liquid sensing applications
摘要： In this paper, a titanium nitride (TiN) coated highly sensitive PCF-SPR sensor design is proposed and numerically analyzed. Titanium shows the excellent plasmonic properties in the visible and infrared regions and it has low loss and corrosion resistive nature. In this theoretical analysis, we introduce the dependencies of the confinement loss, wavelength sensitivity and amplitude sensitivity to the operating wavelength, thickness of TiN, channel width and refractive index of the measured liquid. For the proposed PCF-SPR sensor design, the high wavelength sensitivity and the refractive index resolution of ～10,000 nm/RIU and ～2.0 × 10?5 has been achieved in the refractive index (RI) range of 1.385–1.40, respectively. Even the proposed design has low amplitude sensitivity, but this proposed sensor will be used in detection of RI of chemicals, biochemical analyte with low concentrations, and highly demand in lab-on-a-chip PCF-SPR sensing probe devices.
关键词： Sensitivity,PCF,Surface plasmon resonance
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Highly sensitive strain sensor based on a novel Mach–Zehnder mode interferometer with TCF-PCF-TCF structure
摘要： We have demonstrated a high-sensitivity strain sensor based on a novel photonic crystal fiber (PCF) interferometer by means of splicing two sections of thin core fibers (TCF) with a piece of PCF between two single mode fibers (SMFs). The proposed MZI has exhibited an excellent fringe visibility as high as 21 dB in air. Particularly, the measurement range was up to 4 m ε and a strain sensitivity of ?1.89 pm/με was achieved. It was found that the strain sensitivity of the MZI was weekly dependent on the PCF length. The measured sensitivities of the MZI with 25 mm, 30 mm and 35 mm PCF at ～1590 nm were ?1.83 pm/με, ?1.85 pm/με and ?1.77 pm/με, respectively. Moreover, the temperature characteristics of the sensor were also investigated. Additionally, the sensor has advantages of simplicity of fabrication, low cost, compact size as well as large strain measurement range.
关键词： Strain sensor,Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI),Photonic crystal fiber (PCF),Thin core fiber (TCF)
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Photonic Crystal Fibres PCF for Different Sensors in Review
摘要： In this work, we present the update results for using the PCF as a sensors application, where we have chosen a modern collection of manuscripts previously published in scientific journals in the field of optical, biological and chemical sensors. So we compared their presented results, in order to reach the best results previously published in the use PCF for optical, biological and chemical sensors.
关键词： PCF,Sensors,Refractive Index Sensors,Photonic Crystal Fiber,Gass Sensors
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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EXPRESS: Analysis of Natural Gas Using a Portable Hollow-Core Photonic-Crystal-Coupled Raman Spectrometer
摘要： The low accessibility of natural gas fields and transporting pipelines requires portable online analyzers of the composition of natural gas, ensuring nearly chromatographic precision and capable of in situ analysis of a wide range of gases, including infrared-inactive ones (hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, chlorine). We have developed an express method of gas analysis meeting all requirements for the analysis of natural gas and its derivative mixtures using a portable 532 nm Raman spectrometer rigidly connected to a hollow-core crystal photonic fiber.
关键词： hollow-core photonic crystal fiber,HC-PCF,Raman spectrometry,gas chromatography,natural gas,calibration gas mixture
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Fiber temperature and humidity sensor based on photonic crystal fiber coated with graphene oxide
摘要： A temperature and humidity sensor based on photonic crystal fiber(PCF) coated with graphene oxide (GO) cascaded with two spherical structures is presented and demonstrated. The principle of this sensor is based on Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI), and the interference spectrum is sensitive to the change of temperature and humidity. Because of the hydrophilic property of GO, refractive index (RI) of the fiber surface changes significantly with the variation of humidity. Therefore, the GO film deposited on the PCF surface can improve the humidity sensitivity of the sensor. Experimental results show that the temperature sensitivities are 0.063 nm/?C and 0.086 nm/?C from 10?C to 70?C. The humidity sensitivities are 0.128 nm/%RH and 0.159 nm/%RH from 30% to 70%. Moreover, it also contains the following advantages: low cost, simple construction, and high sensitivity.
关键词： Photonic crystal fiber (PCF),Graphene Oxide (GO),Optical fiber sensor,Humidity,Temperature
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Ultra high birefringence and lower beat length for square shape PCF: Analysis effect on rotation angle and eccentricity
摘要： In this article, a circular air hole organized in a square manner cladding with porous core using elliptical holes index-guiding photonic crystal fiber (IG-PCF) has been proposed and numerically examined. The numerical study is obtained by using finite element method (FEM) inclusion with an electromagnetic absorption boundary perfectly matched layer (PML). Investigation process runs over a broader wavelength range near IR region from 1.20 mm to 1.80 mm for evaluating modal properties of proposed square shaped PCF. S-PCF expresses higher birefringence (2.2 (cid:1) 10(cid:3)3), high nonlinearity (23.46 W(cid:3)1 km(cid:3)1) along with lower beat length (553.86 mm) at the pumping wavelength k = 1.20 mm. Core holes angle orientation and eccentricity are tuned for gaining higher birefringence. Furthermore, beat length, Veff, spot size, beam divergence are inquired in details. Finally, this research is focused on birefringence and nonlinearity behaviors are highly affected by angle effect and eccentricity.
关键词： Beat length,Birefringence,Nonlinearity,Single mode PCF,Eccentricity,Spot size
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Polymer Based PCF with High Nonlinearity and Low Bend Loss: A New Modeling
摘要： The effect of ellipticity ratio on low bend loss, high nonlinearity, wideband high birefringence and low confinement loss in a hexagonal spiral thermoplastic polymer based PCF having air holes with Kerr nonlinearity is investigated. Moreover, the above all property are simulated initially with wide range of wavelength (for different value ellipticity ratio) and secondly with ellipticity ratio at an operating wavelength of 1.55 μm. Through the optimization of arrangement and diameter of elliptical air holes, the designed spiral PCF offers low bend loss, high nonlinearity depends on mode field area (As small as mode field area, increase the nonlinearity), high birefringence and nonzero dispersion for X/Y polarization within the wavelength range of 0.5 to 1.75 μm. These results seem to be most useful in optical communication.
关键词： Bend loss,High nonlinearity,Spiral PCF
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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[IEEE 2019 10th International Conference on Computing, Communication and Networking Technologies (ICCCNT) - Kanpur, India (2019.7.6-2019.7.8)] 2019 10th International Conference on Computing, Communication and Networking Technologies (ICCCNT) - Hexagonal Photonic Crystal Fiber with Small Effective Area and Zero Waveguide Dispersion
摘要： This paper presents the investigation of waveguide dispersion and effective area by modifying air hole layer sizes and numbers for hexagonal photonic crystal fiber (PCF). The design and analysis of dispersion and effective area have been studied extensively for eight layers hexagonal PCF and six layers hexagonal PCF structure for a certain range of operating wavelengths. Modal analyses of the proposed geometries have been performed for wavelength from 1200 nm to 1600 nm. Achieving nearly zero dispersion and small effective area has been the main focus of this research work. Between the two structures, the six layers hexagonal PCF has shown excellent result like- zero dispersion from 1250 nm up to 1550 nm as well as large negative dispersion about -7893.33 ps/(nm.km) is achieved for 1600 nm where negative dispersion of approximately -3200 ps/(nm.km) is obtained for eight layers hexagonal PCF. The effective area is achieved around 3.9144 μm2 and 3.9469 μm2 for 1550 nm and 1575 nm respectively for six layers hexagonal is achieved around PCF. Contrariwise, the effective area 7.9481μm2 and 8.0443 μm2 for 1550 nm and 1575 nm respectively for eight layers hexagonal PCF and the proposed PCFs are expected to be useful for application oriented renowned field like nonlinear optics.
关键词： Dispersion,PCF,Effective area
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Combining Harmonic Laser Beams by Fiber Components for Refractivity-Compensating Two-Color Interferometry
摘要： A perfect spatial overlap with multiple beams of different wavelengths is a prerequisite for multi–wavelength interferometry. Beam combination with the help of ?bers seems to be an interesting method for this. We investigated three different types of ?ber components, multi–mode wavelength division multiplexers (MM–WDMs), single–mode wavelength division multiplexers (SM–WDMs) and endlessly single–mode polarization maintaining photonic crystal ?bers (PM–PCFs). All three seem potential candidates for a perfect spatial overlap of laser beams separated by an octave, i.e. fundamental and harmonic beams. We performed an experimental study on the impact of these components on polarization, wavefront, and coherence. These properties are essential for high–accuracy interferometry. As a test system, we used the fundamental and second harmonic beam of a Nd:YAG laser system at 1064 nm and 532 nm as a popular system in two–color interferometry for intrinsic refractive index compensation. The experimental results show the potential of PM–PCFs for this challenging application.
关键词： Beam properties,Two–color interferometry,Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM),Photonics crystal ?ber (PCF)
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Extremely low loss optical waveguide for terahertz pulse guidance
摘要： This study proposed a dielectric terahertz (THz) D-shape core based photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with very low level of effective material loss (EML) for efficient THz pulse propagation. The modal parameters of the proposed fiber have been rigorously computed using finite element method (FEM) by considering the absorption boundary condition (ABC) using perfectly matched layer (PML). Investigation results of the fiber exhibit a low material absorption loss of 0.027 cm-1 and zero flatted dispersion within the 0.85–1.25 THz range. Additionally, large number of crucial features of the fiber have been evaluated. It reduces the bulk absorption loss of ~87% at the same time offers single mode operation. The proposed fiber can be easily fabricated by using stack and draw or sol-gel technique. Due to excellent optical guiding properties, it can be a potential prospect in THz sensing, communication and imaging applications.
关键词： Low effective material loss,Zero flatted dispersion,D shape PCF,Bulk absorption loss,Terahertz waveguide
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22