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Quantitative Characterization of Optical Coupling in Nanoporous ZnO-WO <sub/>3</sub> and ZnO-PEDOT Composite Electrodeposited Gratings using Electrodiffraction Measurements
摘要： In order to quantitatively characterize the optical coupling between ZnO (a high refractive index, but non-absorptive material) and an electrochromic material (either tungsten oxide (WO3) or poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT)), electrodiffractive and electrochromic properties were investigated from a novel two-component composite nanostructured electrodeposited grating that incorporated both ZnO and either WO3 or PEDOT. The sequential electrodeposition of these two materials through a photopatterned photoresist layer onto a fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) coated glass substrate created a grating structure that exhibited optical diffraction that could be modulated electrochemically. SEM images of the electrochromic gratings revealed that the ZnO electrodeposition created a high surface area nanostructured thin film. The nanostructured ZnO is non-absorbing, but its high refractive index and large surface area redirect light into the electrochromic grating and create a four-fold enhancement in the grating’s electrodiffractive response.
关键词： optical coupling,nanoporous,ZnO-PEDOT,electrodeposited gratings,ZnO-WO3,electrodiffraction measurements
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Polymer morphology and interfacial charge transfer dominate over energy-dependent scattering in organic-inorganic thermoelectrics
摘要： Hybrid (organic-inorganic) materials have emerged as a promising class of thermoelectric materials, achieving power factors (S2σ) exceeding those of either constituent. The mechanism of this enhancement is still under debate, and pinpointing the underlying physics has proven dif?cult. In this work, we combine transport measurements with theoretical simulations and ?rst principles calculations on a prototypical PEDOT:PSS-Te(Cux) nanowire hybrid material system to understand the effect of templating and charge redistribution on the thermoelectric performance. Further, we apply the recently developed Kang-Snyder charge transport model to show that scattering of holes in the hybrid system, de?ned by the energy-dependent scattering parameter, remains the same as in the host polymer matrix; performance is instead dictated by polymer morphology manifested in an energy-independent transport coef?cient. We build upon this language to explain thermoelectric behavior in a variety of PEDOT and P3HT based hybrids acting as a guide for future work in multiphase materials.
关键词： polymer morphology,charge transport,PEDOT:PSS,thermoelectric materials,hybrid materials
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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[IEEE 2018 IEEE 4th International Forum on Research and Technology for Society and Industry (RTSI) - Palermo, Italy (2018.9.10-2018.9.13)] 2018 IEEE 4th International Forum on Research and Technology for Society and Industry (RTSI) - Conductive Free Standing Polymer Paste Synthesized by Acid Induced Phase Separation
摘要： PEDOT:PSS is one of the most studied and used polymers. The current literature shows that this material is employed in solar cells, electrochemical cells, devices for energy storage and stretchable electronics. However films with thickness in the scale of hundreds of nanometres have the intrinsic limitation that must be deposited onto a solid and consistent substrate, thus leading to bulky devices. Moreover pristine PEDOT:PSS exhibits thus several treatments, such as drop casting or acid vapours exposure, are usually pursued to increase it. These methods however are not easily implementable in production lines. Here we show a free-standing conductive dark-PEDOT (d-PEDOT), obtained by a low cost and fast in-solution treatment by sulphuric acid. The proposed synthesis procedure is based on methods industrially implementable. The obtained paste is mouldable and allows for the fabrication of free-standing tens of μm thick foils, made as easily as scribing by an ink pen. Electrical characterization shows a conductivity of 500 Scm-1, which makes the new material a good alternative to standard and expensive metal contacts.
关键词： free-standing,electrodes,PEDOT:PSS,solar cells
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Anisotropic conductivity of Cellulose-PEDOT:PSS composite materials studied with a generic 3D four-point probe tool
摘要： The conductive polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiphene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is widely used in organic electronics and printed electronics due to its excellent electronic and ionic conductivity. PEDOT:PSS films exhibit anisotropic conductivities originating from the interplay of film deposition processes and chemical structure. The previous studies found that high boiling point solvent treated PEDOT:PSS exhibits an anisotropy of 3 to 4 orders magnitude. Even though both the in-plane and out-of-plane conductivities are important for the device performance, the out-of-plane conductivity is rarely studied due to the complexity with the experiment procedure. Cellulose-based paper or films can also exhibit anisotropic behavior due to the combination of their intrinsic fibric structure and film formation process. We have previously developed a conductive paper based on PEDOT:PSS and cellulose which could be used as the electrodes in energy storage devices. In this work we developed a novel measurement set-up for studying the anisotropy of the charge transport in such composite materials. A tool with two parallel plates mounted with spring loaded probes was constructed enabling probing both lateral and vertical directions and resistances from in-plane and out-of-plane directions to be obtained. The measurement results were then input and analyzed with a model based on a transformation method developed by Montgomery, and thus the in-plane and out-of-plane conductivities could be detangled and derived. We also investigated how the conductivity anisotropy depends on the microstructure of the cellulose template onto which the conductive polymer self-organizes. We show that there is a relatively small difference between the in-plane and out-of-plane conductivities which is attributed to the unique 3D-structure of the composites. This new knowledge gives a better understanding of the possibilities and limitations for using the material in electronic and electrochemical devices.
关键词： Cellulose,PEDOT:PSS,composite material,anisotropic conductivity,four-point probe
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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High-Performance PEDOT:PSS/Hexamethylene Diisocyanate-Functionalized Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites: Preparation and Properties
摘要： Graphene oxide (GO) has emerged as an ideal ?ller to reinforce polymeric matrices owing to its large speci?c surface area, transparency, ?exibility, and very high mechanical strength. Nonetheless, functionalization is required to improve its solubility in common solvents and expand its practical uses. In this work, hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI)-functionalized GO (HDI-GO) has been used as ?ller of a conductive polymer matrix, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS). The nanocomposites have been prepared via a simple solution casting method, and have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV–Vis and Raman spectroscopies, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), tensile tests, and four-point probe measurements to get information about how the HDI-GO functionalization degree (FD) and the HDI-GO concentration in the nanocomposite in?uence the ?nal properties. SEM analysis showed a very homogenous dispersion of the HDI-GO nanosheets with the highest FD within the matrix, and the Raman spectra revealed the existence of very strong HDI-GO-PEDOT:PSS interactions. A gradual improvement in thermal stability was found with increasing HDI-GO concentration, with only a small loss in transparency. A reduction in the sheet resistance of PEDOT:PSS was found at low HDI-GO contents, whilst increasing moderately at the highest loading tested. The nanocomposites showed a good combination of stiffness, strength, ductility, and toughness. The optimum balance of properties was attained for samples incorporating 2 and 5 wt % HDI-GO with the highest FD. These solution-processed nanocomposites show considerably improved performance compared to conventional PEDOT:PSS nanocomposites ?lled with raw GO, and are highly suitable for applications in various ?elds, including ?exible electronics, thermoelectric devices, and solar energy applications.
关键词： hexamethylene diisocyanate,PEDOT:PSS,functionalization degree,nanocomposite,optical transmittance,sheet resistance,graphene oxide,mechanical properties
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14