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[IEEE 2019 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) - Baltimore, MD, USA (2019.9.29-2019.10.3)] 2019 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) - A CMOS-Based Energy Harvesting Approach for Laterally-Arrayed Multi-Bandgap Concentrated Photovoltaic Systems
摘要： This paper presents an energy harvesting approach for a concentrated photovoltaics (CPV) system based on cell-block-level integrated CMOS converters. The CPV system, built upon the Laterally-Arrayed Multi-Bandgap (LAMB) cell structure, is a potentially higher-efficiency and lower-cost alternative to traditional tandem-based systems. The cells within a sub-module block are connected for approximate voltage matching, and a CMOS-based multi-input single-output converter harvests and combines the energy while performing maximum power point tracking (MPPT) locally. First, a comparison of modeled performances achievable with traditional tandem CPV and LAMB CPV with a MISO converter is presented using day-long outdoor measured solar spectrum. The model predicts on average >19% more energy can be extracted from LAMB modules on a typical day. Then, a prototype miniaturized MISO dc-dc converter operating at 10MHz is developed in a 130nm CMOS process. For 45-160mW power levels, the prototype converter achieves >92% nominal and >95% peak efficiency in a small form factor designed to fit within available space in a LAMB PV cell block. The results demonstrate the potential of the LAMB CPV architecture for enhanced solar energy capture.
关键词： energy harvesting,maximum power point tracking,concentrated photovoltaic systems,CMOS,MISO dc-dc converter,DC-DC power converters
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 16th International Conference on Smart Cities: Improving Quality of Life Using ICT & IoT and AI (HONET-ICT) - Charlotte, NC, USA (2019.10.6-2019.10.9)] 2019 IEEE 16th International Conference on Smart Cities: Improving Quality of Life Using ICT & IoT and AI (HONET-ICT) - Novel Direct Power Control Strategy for Single-Phase Photovoltaic Inverters
摘要： In the design of inverter controllers, a phase-locked loop (PLL) is usually used to synchronize the inverter output with power grids. However, the adoption of PLL may increase the complexity of the controller. In addition, the accuracy of the PLL can be impacted if the power quality of the power grid is distorted, and the inaccurate PLL output can degrade the performance of the controller. To overcome these issues, a number of non-PLL control strategies have been studied for the single-phase PV inverter. In this work, a novel non-PLL direct power control strategy (DPC) for single-phase H-bridge SVPWM photovoltaic (PV) inverters are proposed. In this strategy, instantaneous real and reactive power are calculated respectively by using voltage and current components with specific frequencies. Then a maximum power point tracker (MPPT) technique is integrated with the strategy to maximize PV generation. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.
关键词： phase-locked loop,single-phase H-bridge inverter,Direct power control,SVPWM,photovoltaic generation
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Solar irradiance estimations for modeling the variability of photovoltaic generation and assessing violations of grid constraints: A comparison between satellite and pyranometers measurements with load flow simulations
摘要： Global horizontal irradiance (GHI) is typically used to model the power output of distributed photovoltaic (PV) generation. On the one hand, satellite estimations are nonpervasive and already available from commercial providers, but they have a limited spatiotemporal resolution. On the other hand, local estimations, e.g., from pyranometers, sky-cameras, and monitored PV plants, capture local irradiance patterns and dynamics, but they require in situ monitoring infrastructure and upgrading the asset of electrical operators. Considering that in most power systems, PV generation is typically the aggregated contribution of many distributed plants, are local GHI estimations necessary to characterize the variability of the power ?ow at the grid connection point (GCP) and detect violations of the limits of voltages and line currents accurately? To reply, we consider GHI measurements from a dense network of pyranometers (used to model the ground truth GHI potential), satellite estimations for the same area, and information about a medium and low voltage distribution system. We perform load ?ows at different levels of installed PV capacity and compare the nodal voltages, line currents, and the power at the GCP when the irradiance is from pyranometers and when from satellite estimations, deriving conclusions on the necessity, or not, of highly spatiotemporally resolved irradiance estimations.
关键词： solar irradiance,grid constraints,satellite measurements,pyranometers,load flow simulations,photovoltaic generation
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Photovoltaic output parameters of a mono-crystalline silicon solar cell with non-uniform horizontal temperature distributions
摘要： Temperature inhomogeneity occurs frequently in the application of photovoltaic devices. In the present study, the effect of nonuniform horizontal temperature distributions on the photovoltaic output parameters of a monocrystalline silicon solar cell including short-circuit current, open-circuit voltage, output power, etc. was investigated. A laser beam irradiated on the center of the cell surface was used to obtain nonuniform temperature distributions. The results show that the higher initial temperature region of the solar cell absorbs more heat energy and achieves higher temperature than the lower initial temperature region after exposure to the same sunlight. Meanwhile, the photovoltaic parameters vary with the temperature difference between the center and edge of the solar cell. The maximum output power decreases exponentially with the temperature difference. The output power under an external load resistance of 1 X is almost inversely proportional to the temperature difference. According to the experimental results, when the temperature difference between the center and edge of the solar cell changes from 0 K to 60 K, the open-circuit voltage, maximum output power, output current, and power under external load resistance of 1 X would decrease by 4.8%, 4.8%, 5.1%, and 9.8%, respectively. The photovoltaic ef?ciency decreases when the temperature distribution is nonuniform.
关键词： nonuniform temperature distributions,photovoltaic output parameters,output power,open-circuit voltage,monocrystalline silicon solar cell,short-circuit current
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Influence of Fragment Size on the Time and Temperature of Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Lamination Decomposition in the Photovoltaic Module Recycling Process
摘要： Photovoltaics is a commercially available and reliable technology with significant potential for long-term growth in nearly all global regions. Several research institutes and companies are working on recycling concepts for thin film modules and modules with crystalline cells. The establishment of recycling and reuse technologies appropriate and applicable to all photovoltaics (PV) modules is a key issue to be addressed as part of corporate social responsibility to safeguard the environment and to implement a fully material-circulated society without any waste. The copolymer ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) layer is a thermoplastic containing cross-linkable ethylene vinyl acetate, which is used to encapsulate the photovoltaic cells. The cells are laminated between films of EVA in a vacuum, under compression, and up to 150°C. The encapsulant’s primary purpose is to bond or laminate the multiple layers of the module together. In the photovoltaic module recycling process, the second important step (after mechanical dismantling of the frame) is EVA lamination removal. In this study, different parameters of the thermal delamination method used during the recycling process were experimentally tested and compared, and the most ecological and economical one is proposed.
关键词： recycling,photovoltaic,EVA
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE Innovative Smart Grid Technologies - Asia (ISGT Asia) - Chengdu, China (2019.5.21-2019.5.24)] 2019 IEEE Innovative Smart Grid Technologies - Asia (ISGT Asia) - Fault Analysis for Three Phase Unbalanced Distribution Network with Photovoltaic Generation Integration
摘要： Due to the asymmetry of three phase distribution network parameters, the traditional symmetrical method cannot meet the requirement for fault analysis. This paper aims to calculate the fault current of the unbalanced distribution network by employing the phase component modelling. A three-phase model of the unbalanced distribution network with photovoltaic generation system is proposed, considering the low voltage ride through control of photovoltaic generation system. A phase based iterative algorithm is explored to solve the three-phase voltage and short-circuit current. The impact of different connected locations and capacities of photovoltaic power generation on fault characteristics are analyzed.
关键词： unbalanced distribution network,fault calculation,low voltage ride through,photovoltaic generation system
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Enhanced bulk photovoltaic effect in ZnO:Bix (p-type)/MoS2 (n-type) heterostructure by tuning Bi content
摘要： To investigate the metal oxide thin film application in optoelectronic field via changing its conduction type, the p-n junction with Bi-doped p-type ZnO and n-type MoS2 is fabricated by pulsed laser deposition. In this work, we explore the photovoltaic effect of the ZnO/MoS2 heterostructure, focusing on the function of tuning Bi contents in enhancing the photoelectric conversion efficiency. Doping-Bi ZnO thin film perfectly shows stable p-type semiconductor properties with high carrier concentration (about from 1×1016 to 1×1017 cm-3), high rational mobility (363 cm2/(υs)) and low resistivity (216.7 Ω). In addition, MoS2 clearly exhibits large quantities of nanosheets and distinct vertically standing structure. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of ZnO:Bix/MoS2 enhances from 0.518 % to 2.430 % along with increasing doping Bi element from 1 % to 7 %, but when doping Bi content reaches 10 %, the PCE decrease 0.552 %. Essentially, the ability of capturing photon-generated carriers in ZnO:Bix film gradually increases as doping Bi content to without excessive doping content. These findings illustrate that this proposed Bi-doped ZnO has potential in promoting the photoelectric conversion efficiency of MoS2 based p-n junction.
关键词： photovoltaic effect,Doping - Bi,p-type ZnO,ZnO/MoS2
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Discussion of Photovoltaic Mechanisms of Organic Semiconductor Solar Cells; 有機半導体太陽電池の発電機構に関する一考察;
摘要： We have studied photovoltaic mechanisms of an organic solar cell using phthalocyanine for a p-type semiconductor and fullerene C60 for an n-type semiconductor in quantum chemistry simulation. This study examines computation of the electronic state of the phthalocyanine–fullerene C60 bimolecular system in the ground state by the DFT method using long-range corrected hybrid functional CAM-B3LYP. Some double bonds in unimolecular phthalocyanine become semi-double bonds in the bimolecular system. Furthermore, some carbon atoms in a fullerene molecule are negatively charged in the bimolecular system. These results suggest the generation of positive holes and conduction electrons in the bimolecular system. Investigation of reports about simulation in an excited state and the actual measurement of electric conductivity has revealed that these positive holes and conduction electrons in the ground state facilitate the migration of positive holes and conduction electrons generated in a photoactive layer by light irradiation.
关键词： The ground state,Semi-double bond,Negative charge,DFT method,Organic solar cell,Photovoltaic mechanisms
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Photon Management in Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： Metal-halide perovskites as absorber materials for solar cells have captured the attention of an increasing number of scientists over the last years. As is common for most photovoltaic technologies, early stages of solar cell development were dedicated to understanding and tuning the properties of materials and interfaces in the perovskite-based solar cells to ensure efficient charge separation and suppress unwanted recombination channels. However, when photovoltaic technologies become more mature, the design of optical properties of materials, interfaces, and complete device stacks becomes increasingly important in order to come even closer to the efficiency limits dictated by thermodynamics. This Viewpoint is dedicated to briefly discuss how photons can be absorbed more efficiently, be reused, be distributed between different cells in tandem devices, and finally be used as a means to characterize the electronic properties of materials and interfaces. More detailed discussions of these topics can then be found in a series of Perspective articles on topics related to the optical properties and the optical design of perovskite-based solar cells that are introduced in this Viewpoint.
关键词： optical design,photovoltaic technologies,perovskite solar cells,efficiency limits,photon management
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Enhancing the Performance of Textured Silicon Solar Cells by Combining Up-Conversion with Plasmonic Scattering
摘要： This paper experimentally demonstrates the bene?ts of combining an up-conversion (UC) layer containing Yb/Er-doped yttrium oxide-based phosphors with a plasmonic scattering layer containing indium nanoparticles (In-NPs) in enhancing the photovoltaic performance of textured silicon solar cells. The optical emissions of the Yb/Er-doped phosphors were characterized using photoluminescence measurements obtained at room temperature. Optical microscope images and photo current-voltage curves were used to characterize the UC emissions of Yb/Er-doped phosphors under illumination from a laser diode with a wavelength of 1550 nm. The plasmonic e?ects of In NPs were assessed in terms of absorbance and Raman scattering. The performance of the textured solar cells was evaluated in terms of optical re?ectance, external quantum e?ciency, and photovoltaic performance. The analysis was performed on cells with and without a UC layer containing Yb/Er-doped yttrium oxide-based phosphors of various concentrations. The analysis was also performed on cells with a UC layer in conjunction with a plasmonic scattering layer. The absolute conversion e?ciency of the textured silicon solar cell with a combination of up-conversion and plasmonic-scattering layers (15.43%) exceeded that of the cell with an up-conversion layer only (14.94%) and that of the reference cell (14.45%).
关键词： plasmonic scattering,up-conversion,indium nanoparticles,phosphors,photovoltaic performance,yttrium oxide
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04