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Experimental performance of commercial OPV panels tested outdoor
摘要： This work presents the experimental performance of commercial versions of organic photovoltaic (OPV) panels. Twenty four commercialized OPV panels of two different sizes (2.52 × 0.52 m and 1.29 × 0.52 m) were examined. Unfortunately, the company that provides the panels does not inform the technology behind the OPV they commercialize, but it provided a datasheet. We designed an outdoor test bench to make a parallelization between the commercial technology and scientific literature. The panels were bonded over a 0.04-m-thick acrylic layer to provide mechanical resistance and a clear view of the backside. The test bench was designed to allow panel tilt angles to be varied manually. We measured the total, beam, and diffuse radiation, along with the solar spectrum and all environmental conditions. Various topologies were tested, and results of power conversion efficiency (PCE) are presented. PCE was approximately 2% for all OPV panels, and was nearly stable during the four months of testing. PCE provided in the datasheet is ~3%, suggesting a loss of efficiency during the burn-in period.
关键词： outdoor tests,Organic photovoltaics (OPV),photovoltaic technology
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Analysis of transformer less inverter for PV applications
摘要： To enhance the effectiveness and decrease the cost of a Photovoltaic (PV) system, the utilization of transformer less PV inverters is an option of expanding interest. In any case, this topology should be considered in detail, as it shows a few issues like effectiveness degradation and safety issues identified with the galvanic association between the system and the PV generator. In this research paper, a review of standalone and grid-connected PV inverter structures has been done. From one viewpoint, a few options in light of established structures have been introduced. At last parasitic capacitance in PV arrays and leakage current produced from PV systems are examined.
关键词： Grid Connected Systems,Parasitic Capacitance,Leakage Current,Photovoltaic,Transformer Less Inverters
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Clusters partition and zonal voltage regulation for distribution networks with high penetration of PVs
摘要： Integration of distributed generation (DG) at large scale with high penetration challenges the radial structure of the traditional distribution networks and the effectiveness of the conventional voltage regulation methods. In this study, the clusters partitioning and voltage regulation are researched. The modified electrical distance is introduced. An effective method, based on spectral clustering algorithm, is proposed for the partitioning of the DG network via the judgement of critical load buses. Two-stage voltage regulation optimisation is realised in each sub-community. The optimal objects are the minimal voltage fluctuation and the network loss of the distributed network. The independent variables are reactive-power absorption and active-power curtailment for each controllable photovoltaic node. An advanced particle swarm optimisation algorithm is applied to the voltage regulation for the sub-communities. After a case study of the IEEE 33-bus system, a regional distribution network in Anhui province of China is analysed. Simulation results indicate that the node voltages are stabilised with the improvement of power quality employing the proposed clusters partitioning method and zonal power control scheme.
关键词： spectral clustering,particle swarm optimisation,voltage regulation,distributed generation,photovoltaic
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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[IEEE 2018 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) - Portland, OR, USA (2018.9.23-2018.9.27)] 2018 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) - An Extremely Low-Cost Multi-Panel PV Emulator for Research and Education
摘要： Photovoltaic (PV) emulators are necessary tools for teaching research and development when actual PV panels cannot be used. Emulation can be used when design parameters such as size and quantity of PV resources required exceed the capacity of laboratories. Emulation schemes available today use expensive hardware and/or require software licenses. This paper presents a new PV emulator using the extremely low-cost real-time digital controller platform “Workbench”. The proposed scheme uses low-cost hardware built around a single DSP and a DC bench power supply to emulate PV panels which can be used to test other equipment such as grid-tied inverters, and/or MPPT controllers. The proposed scheme is modular, in that multiple such emulators can be externally series/parallel connected. Each emulator can also be con?gured to emulate a combination of series/parallel connected PVs.
关键词： Re-programmable,recon?gurable,real-time,modular,photovoltaic,low-cost
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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[IEEE 2018 International Conference on Current Trends towards Converging Technologies (ICCTCT) - Coimbatore, India (2018.3.1-2018.3.3)] 2018 International Conference on Current Trends towards Converging Technologies (ICCTCT) - Single Stage PV Water Pumping System With MPPT Employing Three Phase Induction Motor
摘要： In recent years, solar photovoltaic systems have become more popular and today, this technology has become the application of interest mainly in isolated areas where the power grid is not accessible. Generally, PV fed dc motors are used because of their robust construction and ease to control. However, dc motors need to be frequently maintained due to its commutator and carbon brush. Hence in this paper, centrifugal pump driven by three-phase induction motor is considered. To power the three-phase induction motor, a three-phase voltage source inverter is used which performs two functions, viz., (i) converts the Maximum Power-Point dc voltage into three-phase ac voltage (ii) changes the frequency of the three-phase ac voltage and helps the system to guide at the Maximum Power Point.
关键词： Three-phase voltage source inverter,Photovoltaic (PV),Three-phase induction motor (IM)
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Recent advances in the synthesis of [ <i>a</i> ]-benzo-fused BODIPY fluorophores
摘要： This feature article summarizes the di?erent strategies for the synthesis of [a]-benzo-fused BODIPYs that have been reported in the literature until 2018. These p-extended BODIPYs are promising fluorophores for bio-imaging and organic photovoltaic applications due to both their attractive photophysical properties in the near-infrared area and their higher (photo)chemical stability compared to conventional bis-styryl derivatives. The four main strategies described in this review can be used to access either directly the expected [a]-benzo-fused BODIPYs or through the di-/tetra-hydroisoindole.
关键词： organic photovoltaic,fluorophores,near-infrared,BODIPY,bio-imaging
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Dew as a Detrimental Influencing Factor for Soiling of PV Modules
摘要： Soiling of photovoltaic (PV) modules can significantly reduce their energy yield by reflecting or absorbing the incident light and is of great importance for operation and maintenance of PV systems in dusty environments. In this paper, we examine the influence of dew—which is formed on PV modules during night and early morning hours—on soiling processes. Outdoor experiments were performed in desert conditions in Qatar using unheated and heated glass samples supplied with different heating powers, as well as outdoor microscopy studies. In addition, laboratory soiling experiments were performed using different dust types, controlled dust removal by centrifugal forces at different relative humidity levels, and defined dew cycles. Results from both the field tests and laboratory soiling experiments showed a significant impact of dew on particle adhesion, removal, and corresponding soiling rates, which was independent of the dust type. Microstructural investigations using electron microscopy were performed to determine the cause of increased particle adhesion. Heating of glass surfaces during the night can significantly reduce the processes of cementation, particle caking, and capillary aging and, thus, reduce soiling. This study indicates that the prevention of condensation can be a method to mitigate soiling.
关键词： Photovoltaic systems,surface contamination,solar panels,solar energy
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Hybrid global maximum power point tracking algorithm under partial shading condition
摘要： This paper presents a hybrid global maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm under partial shading conditions, which consists of five methods, including the global scanning method, the filtering method, the binary searching method, the three-point method, and the anti-restarting method. By making full use of the advantages of these methods, the proposed algorithm is able to improve tracking speed and efficiency, decrease oscillation, and avoid restarting. Among which, the global scanning method is used to find all the local intervals, the filtering method is used to reduce the search area, the binary searching method is used to reduce the search time, the three-point method is used to track the global maximum power point dynamically, and the anti-restarting method is used to prevent restarting the algorithm. To verify the proposed algorithm, experiments have been carried out in a standard environment, dynamic solar irradiation, and dynamic temperature, respectively. The performance of the proposed algorithm is verified by comparing it with a perturb and observe (P&O) based global scanning MPPT method and a modified P&O with checking MPPT method using computer simulations.
关键词： MPPT,global maximum power point tracking,photovoltaic systems,partial shading condition,hybrid algorithm,solar energy
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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[IEEE 2018 IEEE 15th International Conference on Group IV Photonics (GFP) - Cancun (2018.8.29-2018.8.31)] 2018 IEEE 15th International Conference on Group IV Photonics (GFP) - System-Level Integrated Active Silicon Photonic Biosensor for Detecting Small Molecule Interactions
摘要： We present a system-level integration of active silicon photonic biosensors. With on-chip photodetectors, sensors are characterized in the photovoltaic mode. A biotin-avidin affinity assay is employed to exemplify the detection of small molecule interactions, showing a detection limit in the order of 10?5 M.
关键词： photovoltaic mode,small molecule interactions,detection limit,silicon photonic biosensors,biotin-avidin affinity assay
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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[Sustainable Energy Developments] Geothermal,Wind and Solar Energy Applications in Agriculture and Aquaculture || Chapter 7: Fundamentals of solar energy
摘要： Modern agricultural systems are characterized by the intensive and optimal use of land and water, turning agricultural exploitation into a semi-industrial concept. Greenhouses are systems suitable both for zones with unfavorable climatic conditions – allowing crop growth regardless of the ambient temperature – and for regions with less restrictive weather – with the aim of increasing crop productivity and improving fruit quality. In this context, a secure and environmentally friendly energy supply must be considered, for any power range or circumstance, including for stand-alone installations. Crop growth is primarily determined by climate and the amount of water and fertilizers applied through irrigation. Therefore, greenhouses are ideal for farming because they allow one to optimize these physical parameters, via the photosynthetic process (Ramírez-Arias et al., 2012), to enhance biomass production. This manipulation requires energy consumption, depending on the crop’s physiological requirements, and the production patterns adopted for yield quantity and timing. The present general concern on the development of more efficient and sustainable productive activities has increased interest in the evaluation of alternatives to the conventional energy sources in the sector; presently many are involved in processes for assessing the environmental feasibility and technological development of such alternatives (Antón et al., 2007; Bojacá et al., 2014; Martínez-Blanco et al., 2011; Page et al., 2012; Romero-Gámez et al., 2012; Torrellas et al., 2013; van der Werf et al., 2014). This work aims to provide an overview of the existing options for the integration of renewable sources in greenhouses located in semi-arid regions where, for example, the high availability of solar radiation facilitates its use for the fulfillment of a certain percentage of the heat and/or electricity loads of greenhouses. Accordingly, this overview contains the basic technological aspects of the main renewable technologies applicable in greenhouses, some simplified design tools and criteria for their selection. Finally, it includes a summary of selected experiences in this field. The main objective is to contribute to a better understanding of the technologies that should support the promotion and development of projects for the implementation of renewable energies in agriculture.
关键词： biomass,geothermal energy,wind energy,semi-arid climates,crop growth control,renewable energy,photovoltaic,greenhouses,energy efficiency,solar energy
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14