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Simulating the efficient diffusion of photovoltaics in Bogot??: An urban metabolism approach
摘要： Urban metabolism has proven to be suitable for assessing the environmental performance of cities. Bogotá, one of the world’s highest-located and largest tropical cities, has made little use of rooftop photovoltaics, despite its potential. Using a simulation model, based on the urban metabolism approach, this paper examines several possible PV technology diffusion paths considering the consumer adoption processes of the residential, commercial, industrial and institutional sectors of the city. Further, the impact of PV diffusion is analyzed in terms of urban metabolism indicators such as greenhouse gas emissions and reduction of technical losses in the electricity system. Results indicate that policy is required for promoting consumer awareness about the use of PVs for meeting electricity demand. Reductions in greenhouse gas emissions of up to 820,000t of CO2 per year could be achieved. Adoption rates in the residential sector of the order of 26% could be possible. This in turn would represent an installed capacity of 1.5 GW, and emission reductions of 450,000t of CO2 per year. Additionally, the commercial sector could reach a potential installed capacity of 1.2 GW. The industrial and institutional sectors could reach an installed capacity of about 10 MW and 70 MW respectively.
关键词： Technology adoption modelling,Distributed generation,Urban metabolism,Solar panels,Bogotá
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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The Importance of Distance between Photovoltaic Power Stations for Clear Accuracy of Short-Term Photovoltaic Power Forecasting
摘要： The current research paper deals with the worldwide problem of photovoltaic (PV) power forecasting by this innovative contribution in short-term PV power forecasting time horizon based on classification methods and nonlinear autoregressive with exogenous input (NARX) neural network model. In the meantime, the weather data and PV installation parameters are collected through the data acquisition systems installed beside the three PV systems. At the same time, the PV systems are located in Morocco country, respectively, the 2 kWp PV installation placed at the Higher Normal School of Technical Education (ENSET) in Rabat city, the 3 kWp PV system set at Nouasseur Casablanca city, and the 60 kWp PV installation also based in Rabat city. The multisite modelling approach, meanwhile, is deployed for establishing the flawless short-term PV power forecasting models. As a result, the implementation of different models highlights their achievements in short-term PV power forecasting modelling. Consequently, the comparative study between the benchmarking model and the forecasting methods showed that the forecasting techniques used in this study outperform the smart persistence model not only in terms of normalized root mean square error (nRMSE) and normalized mean absolute error (nMAE) but also in terms of the skill score technique applied to assess the short-term PV power forecasting models.
关键词： NARX neural network,photovoltaic (PV) power forecasting,multisite modelling,short-term forecasting,smart persistence model,classification methods
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Numerical modelling of non-fullerene organic solar cell with high dielectric constant ITIC-OE acceptor
摘要： The low dielectric constant of organic semiconductors has been a limiting factor in the organic photovoltaics. Non-Fullerene Acceptor Bulk Heterojunction (NFA-BHJ) organic solar cells with high dielectric constant acceptors have been gaining a lot of attention. No simulation work has been done on NFA-BHJ organic solar cell with a high dielectric constant acceptor so far to study the influence of various material parameters on the device performance. In this work, a comprehensive device modelling of the conventional structure of NFA-BHJ with poly[(2,6-(4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b]dithiophene)-co-(1,3-di(5-thiophene-2-yl)-5,7-bis(2-ethylhexyl)benzo[1,2-c:4,5-c]dithiophene-4,8-dione)] (PBDB-T)as the polymer donor and (3,9-bis(2-methylene-(3-(1,1-dicyanomethylene)-indanone)-5,5,11,11-tetraki(4-hexylphenyl)-dithieno [2,3-d:2,3-d]-s-indaceno [1,2-b:5,6-b]dithiophene)) with Oligo-Ethylene side chain (ITIC-OE) as the non-fullerene acceptor is performed. We did a detailed analysis on the impact of technological parameters on the cell performance and optimized the device characteristics to produce improved efficiency. Numerical simulation is done using SCAPS 1-D program and the validity of simulated output has been verified by comparing with the measurements from reported literature. Optimization of the device parameters produced an improved device performance with an open circuit voltage of 0.9562 V, short circuit current density of mA/cm2, Fill factor of 69.75 % and a power conversion efficiency of 11%. The results are encouraging to develop NFA-BHJ organic solar cells with high dielectric constant acceptors in the near future.
关键词： numerical modelling,Non-Fullerene Acceptor Bulk Heterojunction,high dielectric constant,ITIC-OE acceptor,organic solar cells
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Optical Communications and Networks
摘要： Due to energy and throughput constraints of visual sensing nodes, in-node energy conservation is one of the prime concerns in visual sensor networks (VSNs) with wireless transceiving capability. To cope with these constraints, the energy ef?ciency of a VSN for a given level of reliability can be enhanced by recon?guring its nodes dynamically to achieve optimal con?gurations. In this paper, a uni?ed framework for node classi?cation and dynamic self-recon?guration in VSNs is proposed. The proposed framework incorporates quality-of-information (QoI) awareness using peak signal-to-noise ratio-based representative metric to support a diverse range of applications. First, for a given application, the proposed framework provides a feasible solution for the classi?cation of visual sensing nodes based on their ?eld-of-view by exploiting the heterogeneity of the targeted QoI within the sensing region. Second, with the dynamic realization of QoI, a strategy is devised for selecting suitable con?gurations of visual sensing nodes to reduce redundant visual content prior to transmission without sacri?cing the expected information retrieval reliability. The robustness of the proposed framework is evaluated under various scenarios by considering: 1) target QoI thresholds; 2) degree of heterogeneity; and 3) compression schemes. From the simulation results, it is observed that for the second degree of heterogeneity in targeted QoI, the uni?ed framework outperforms its existing counterparts and results in up to 72% energy savings with as low as 94% reliability.
关键词： visual sensor networks,dynamic reconfiguration,node,3D field-of-view modelling,classification,energy optimization,quality-of-information,reliability analysis
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Application of Genetic Algorithm for More Efficient Multi-Layer Thickness Optimization in Solar Cells
摘要： Thin-?lm solar cells are predominately designed similar to a stacked structure. Optimizing the layer thicknesses in this stack structure is crucial to extract the best ef?ciency of the solar cell. The commonplace method used in optimization simulations, such as for optimizing the optical spacer layers’ thicknesses, is the parameter sweep. Our simulation study shows that the implementation of a meta-heuristic method like the genetic algorithm results in a signi?cantly faster and accurate search method when compared to the brute-force parameter sweep method in both single and multi-layer optimization. While other sweep methods can also outperform the brute-force method, they do not consistently exhibit 100% accuracy in the optimized results like our genetic algorithm. We have used a well-studied P3HT-based structure to test our algorithm. Our best-case scenario was observed to use 60.84% fewer simulations than the brute-force method.
关键词： optical modelling,?nite difference time domain,genetic algorithm,solar cell optimization
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Synthesis of novel small-molecule fluorescently labeled probes for the in vitro imaging of KCa3.1 channels
摘要： In order to facilitate the in vitro visualization of KCa3.1 channel-expressing cells, novel small-molecule imaging probes were designed and developed. Senicapoc showing high affinity and excellent selectivity towards the KCa3.1 channels was selected as targeting component. Different BODIPY dyes (15 - 20) were synthesized and connected by a Cu-catalyzed azide alkyne [3+2]cycloaddition with propargyl ether derivative 8 of senicapoc yielding fluorescently labeled ligands 21 - 26 targeting KCa3.1 channels. The novel dimethylpyrrole-based imaging probes 25 and 26 allow staining of KCa3.1 ion channels in NSCLC cells following a simple, fast and efficient protocol. The specificity was shown by removing the punctate staining pattern by pre-incubation with senicapoc. The density of KCa3.1 channels detected with fluorescent probe 25 and by immunostaining was identical. The punctate structure of the labeled channels could be observed in living cells as well. Molecular modeling studies showed binding of the senicapoc targeting component towards the binding site within the ion channel and orientation of the linker with the dye along the inner surface of the ion channel.
关键词： labeled ligands,KCa3.1 channel,fluorescent probes,non-small cell lung cancer cells,molecular modelling,imaging agents,cycloaddition
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Applicability of small-signal laser and fiber models for passive optical networks operating at the 1550??nm window
摘要： Small-signal techniques are a useful engineering tool to estimate system performance, though small-signal models need to be tested against the large-signal from which they are derived. We show that combined small-signal models for lasers and optical fiber are valid for passive optical networks employing directly modulated semiconductor lasers, provided that the modulation extinction ratios are < 4 dB and the transmission distances < 25 km. For larger extinction ratios and longer transmission distances, large-signal approaches are needed in order to investigate system capabilities. The small-signal models break down due to the increasing adiabatic chirp in semiconductor lasers with increasing modulation current. We estimate how the small-signal models can estimate for the performance of 10 Gbit/s signal from directly modulated lasers. We verify the equivalence of the small-signal and large-signal regimes and we develop a quality metric to identify the range of fiber lengths and signal extinction ratios over which the small-regime remains valid.
关键词： Frequency,Modulation,Passive Optical Networks,Semiconductor lasers,Phase,Fiber dispersion,Numerical modelling
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Heat transfer model of a 50 kW solar receiver-reactor for thermochemical redox cycling using cerium dioxide
摘要： This work reports on the development of a transient heat transfer model of a solar receiver-reactor designed for thermochemical redox cycling by temperature and pressure swing of pure cerium dioxide in the form of a reticulated porous ceramic (RPC). In the first, endothermal, step the cerium dioxide RPC is directly heated with concentrated solar radiation to 1500 °C while under vacuum pressure of less than 10 mbar, thereby releasing oxygen from its crystal lattice. In the subsequent, exothermic, step the reactor is re-pressurized with carbon dioxide as it cools, and at temperatures below 1000 °C the partially reduced cerium dioxide is re-oxidized with a flow of carbon dioxide. To analyze the performance of the solar reactor and to gain insight into improved design and operational conditions, a transient heat transfer model of the solar reactor for a solar radiative input power of 50 kW during the reduction step was developed and implemented in ANSYS CFX. The numerical model couples the incoming concentrated solar radiation using Monte-Carlo ray tracing, incorporates the reduction chemistry by assuming thermodynamic equilibrium, and accounts for internal radiation heat transfer inside the porous ceria by applying effective heat transfer properties. The model was experimentally validated using data acquired in a high-flux solar simulator, where temperature evolution and oxygen production results from model and experiment agreed well. The numerical results indicate the prominent influence of solar radiative input power, where increasing it substantially reduces reduction time of the cerium dioxide structure. Consequently, the model predicts a solar-to-fuel energy conversion efficiency of > 6% at a solar radiative power input of 50 kW; efficiency > 10% can be obtained provided the RPC macro porosity is substantially increased and better volumetric absorption and uniform heating is achieved. Managing the ceria surface temperature during reduction to avoid sublimation is a critical design consideration for direct absorption solar receiver-reactors.
关键词： design optimization,reactor modelling,ceria,thermochemical cycles,solar energy,reticulated porous ceramic
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Pseudo-Source Parameters for Flares: Derivation, Implementation and Comparison
摘要： The Alberta Energy Regulator (AER) regulates Alberta’s oil and gas industry and has done extensive development of un-combusted and combusted sour gas release dispersion models with spreadsheet interfaces. Sour gas contains hydrogen sulphide (H2S) that is converted to sulphur dioxide (SO2) during combustion. The Energy Resources Conservation Board (ERCB), the predecessor of the AER, developed ERCBH2S to calculate emergency response and planning zones for accidental, un-combusted releases of H2S (ERCB, 2010) using SLAB. AERflare-incin is a regulatory tool for permitting routine and non-routine operations of sour gas flares and incinerators (AER, 2014) using the atmospheric dispersion modelling system known as AERMOD developed by the American Meteorological Society and United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) Regulatory Model Improvement Committee.
关键词： momentum flux,buoyancy flux,pseudo-source parameters,AERMOD,flare modelling
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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[IEEE 2018 International conference on Computing, Electronic and Electrical Engineering (ICE Cube) - Quetta, Pakistan (2018.11.12-2018.11.13)] 2018 International Conference on Computing, Electronic and Electrical Engineering (ICE Cube) - An Experimental Study of Modelling and Fabrication of an Autonomous Solar Parabolic Trough Collector
摘要： this paper is related with an experimental study of modelling and fabrication of an autonomous solar parabolic trough collector. Parabolic Trough Collectors do not pollute the environment and hence can be marked as Green Technology. In this paper, a prototype of PTC is optically designed, fabricated, tested and controlled with an autonomous solar tracking system. The system is easy to install, modular and operate and maintain its primary functions under the given parameters in order to widespread and diffuse the use of solar energy. The fabricated PTC and its tracking system were tested under an open sky under hot and humid climatic conditions. The experimentation results were compared with the initial mathematical modelling and it contained significant variations due to several factors. The overall aim of the work reported in this paper was to test the performance of a solar parabolic trough collector system by raising the temperature of the working fluid above the boiling point of water and to enhance the efficiency also by reducing the cost of the heat produced.
关键词： mathematical modelling,Parabolic Trough Collector,design,solar tracking
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36