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Surface Engineering of Low-Temperature Processed Mesoporous TiO <sub/>2</sub> via Oxygen Plasma for Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： A major problem in the application of mesoporous TiO2 as an electron transport layer for flexible perovskite solar cells is that a high temperature sintering process is required to remove organic additives from the TiO2 layer. A facile oxygen plasma process is herein demonstrated to fabricate mesoporous structured perovskite solar cells with significant photovoltaic performance at low temperatures. When the low-temperature processed TiO2 layer is modified via oxygen plasma, the organic additives in the TiO2 layer that hinder the charge transport process are successfully decomposed. The oxygen plasma treatment improves the wettability and infiltration of the perovskite layer and also passivates the oxygen vacancy related traps in TiO2. Hence, the oxygen plasma treatment evidently enhances charge extraction and transport, thereby improving photovoltaic performance and decreasing hysteresis.
关键词： Mesoporous TiO2,Flexible solar cell,Oxygen plasma,Low-temperature processed TiO2,Perovskite solar cell
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Tungsten-Doped Zinc Oxide and Indiuma??Zinc Oxide Films as High-Performance Electron-Transport Layers in Na??Ia??P Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted tremendous research attention due to their potential as a next-generation photovoltaic cell. Transition metal oxides in N–I–P structures have been widely used as electron-transporting materials but the need for a high-temperature sintering step is incompatible with flexible substrate materials and perovskite materials which cannot withstand elevated temperatures. In this work, novel metal oxides prepared by sputtering deposition were investigated as electron-transport layers in planar PSCs with the N–I–P structure. The incorporation of tungsten in the oxide layer led to a power conversion efficiency (PCE) increase from 8.23% to 16.05% due to the enhanced electron transfer and reduced back-recombination. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images reveal that relatively large grain sizes in the perovskite phase with small grain boundaries were formed when the perovskite was deposited on tungsten-doped films. This study demonstrates that novel metal oxides can be used as in perovskite devices as electron transfer layers to improve the efficiency.
关键词： transparent metal oxide,zinc–oxynitride,perovskite solar cell,tungsten-doped InZnO
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Graphene as charge transport layers in lead free perovskite solar cell
摘要： Tin-based perovskite material is one of the promising candidates used in lead-free perovskite solar cells. In the present study, the use of graphene material as charge transport layers is suggested and the structure n-Graphene/CH3NH3SnI3/p-Graphene is simulated in AFORS-HET (Automat for Simulation of Heterostructures) software. The effect of layer properties on the performance of the proposed structure is analyzed. After optimizing the layer parameters, the best possible structure gives a Voc = 687.1 mV, Jsc = 19.93 mA cm?2, FF = 77.92% and efficiency = 10.67%. The textured nature of front surface enhances the efficiency of the cell from 10.67% to 13.28%. The effect of operating temperature is observed on the performance of the cell. The proposed structure is also modelled using one diode model in MATLAB software for comparison with AFORS-HET results. The results of the simulated and modelled structure are in good agreement with each other. To the best of our knowledge, the proposed structure and the corresponding results reported herein are new for the research community.
关键词： perovskite solar cell,graphene,AFORS-HET software,efficiency,MATLAB
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Simulated development and optimized performance of CsPbI3 based all-inorganic perovskite solar cells
摘要： Cesium lead iodide (CsPbI3), as one promising inorganic halide perovskite for higher stability, has received extensive attention in recent years. However, CsPbI3 based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have yet to realize the high e?ciency achieved in organic-inorganic hybrid PSCs. In this work, we perform a device modeling by SCAPS-1D to investigate the limitation of CsPbI3 all-inorganic PSC (CsPbI3 i-PSCs) and improve its performance. For i-PSC, not only the absorber but all the layers should be composed of inorganic materials only. Therefore, several potential inorganic hole and electron transport layers (i-HTL and i-ETL) are compared ?rstly and the results reveal that Cu2O HTL and SnO2 ETL are the most suitable materials among them. Moreover, the device performance is further improved by optimizing the work function of back electrode, absorber thickness, doping density as well as defect density. Under optimized conditions, a conversion e?ciency of 21.31% is obtained for the FTO/SnO2/CsPbI3/Cu2O/Au i-PSC, indicating that there is much room for further performance enhancement.
关键词： CsPbI3,Device modeling,All-inorganic perovskite solar cell
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Simultaneous Power Conversion Efficiency and Stability Enhancement of Cs <sub/>2</sub> AgBiBr <sub/>6</sub> Leada??Free Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cell through Adopting a Multifunctional Dye Interlayer
摘要： Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are highly promising next-generation photovoltaic devices because of the cheap raw materials, ideal band gap of ≈1.5 eV, broad absorption range, and high absorption coefficient. Although lead-based inorganic-organic PSC has achieved the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.2%, the toxic nature of lead and poor stability strongly limits the commercialization. Lead-free inorganic PSCs are potential alternatives to toxic and unstable organic-inorganic PSCs. Particularly, double-perovskite Cs2AgBiBr6-based PSC has received interests for its all inorganic and lead-free features. However, the PCE is limited by the inherent and extrinsic defects of Cs2AgBiBr6 films. Herein, an effective and facile strategy is reported for improving the PCE and stability by introducing an N719 dye interlayer, which plays multifunctional roles such as broadening the absorption spectrum, suppressing the charge carrier recombination, accelerating the hole extraction, and constructing an appropriate energy level alignment. Consequently, the optimizing cell delivers an outstanding PCE of 2.84%, much improved as compared with other Cs2AgBiBr6-based PSCs reported so far in the literature. Moreover, the N719 interlayer greatly enhances the stability of PSCs under ambient conditions. This work highlights a useful strategy to boost the PCE and stability of lead-free Cs2AgBiBr6-based PSCs simultaneously, accelerating the commercialization of PSC technology.
关键词： charge carrier separation,dye interlayer,Cs2AgBiBr6,energy level alignment,perovskite solar cell
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Ideal efficiency of resonant cavity-enhanced perovskite solar cells
摘要： Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted significant attention in recent years due to the rapid increase in device efficiency (reaching over 25% in 2019), ease of fabrication, and the potential to produce low-cost photovoltaic modules. In this paper we have determined the ideal power conversion efficiency and quantum efficiency of PSCs with the p–i–n device structure, where p is the hole transport layer, i is the perovskite absorber layer, and n is the electron transport layer. The absorption of incident light occurs in a thin perovskite layer, the thickness of which is comparable to the wavelength of absorbed light. We take into account interference effects when the PSC structure is represented by a Fabry–Perot resonator. The optical flux within the absorbing layer is calculated as a function of the spatial coordinate (in the direction of the layer thickness), for a certain wavelength, at the normal incident light. The power quantum efficiency is calculated assuming that the incident light source is a blackbody at the temperature of the Sun, as well as for the AM1.5g standard solar spectrum. The results obtained by using the derived expressions that take into account the interference effects are compared with those obtained by neglecting these effects.
关键词： Resonant cavity,Efficiency,Perovskite,Solar cell
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Naphthalene imide dimer as interface engineering material: An efficient strategy for achieving high-performance perovskite solar cells
摘要： How to design and synthesize interfacial engineered materials that have efficient surface passivation and electron extraction properties is an important problem in the field of optoelectronic materials. Herein, a simple naphthalene imide dimer, namely 2FBT2NDI, is developed by Stille coupling reaction with a high yield, and it is used as interface engineering for inverted perovskite solar cells (PSC). Owing to the existence of intermolecular interactions between MAPbI3 and the 2FBT2NDI layer, the introduction of the interfacial layer can passivate the surface defects of perovskite film and improve interface contact. In addition, 2FBT2NDI exhibits suitable energy levels and high electron mobility because of its large linear conjugated skeleton containing two fluorine atoms, which are beneficial for electron extraction for efficient PSCs. Employing 2FBT2NDI as an interfacial layer, inverted PSCs show a maximum power conversion efficiency of 20.1%, which is over 14% higher than that of the control devices without interfacial layer (17.1%). These results highlight that the naphthalene imide dimer can potentially be used as a commercializable interfacial material for achieving high-performance PSCs.
关键词： electron extraction,perovskite solar cell,naphthalene imide,surface passivation,interface engineering
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Reliability and Ecological Aspects of Photovoltaic Modules || Emerging Thin Film Solar Panels
摘要： Utilizing of photovoltaics (PVs) has been rapidly developing over the past two decades due to its potential for transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy based economies. However, PVs as fuel less energy sources will be sustainable if some issues such as raw materials abundance, production cost, and environmental impacts carefully addressed in their value chains. Among PV technologies, thin film solar panels have been illustrated the potential to reach the sustainability. In this chapter we review some studies about environmental impacts of thin film PVs through life cycle assessment (LCA) and some environmental fate modeling. For the PV technologies, LCA studies need to be conducted to address environmental and energy impacts and encourage the development of PV technologies in a better sustainable way. Three methods of impact assessment in LCA are reviewed and compared, namely, Energy Payback Time (EPBT), Cumulative Energy Demand (CED), and Greenhouse Gases (GHG) emission rate, owing to data and information published in the literature. Generally, most results show promising potential of emerging thin film PVs, especially perovskite solar cells, to reach the best sustainable solution among PV technologies in near future.
关键词： perovskite solar cell,sustainable energy,emerging thin film photovoltaics,life cycle assessment,environmental impact
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Enhancing fully printable mesoscopic perovskite solar cell performance using integrated metallic grids to improve carbon electrode conductivity
摘要： Carbon based Perovskite Solar cells (C-PSCs) have emerged as the most promising candidates for commercialisation in the field of perovskite photovoltaics, as they are highly stable, low cost and make use of easily scaled manufacturing techniques. However, the limited conductivity of the carbon electrode inhibits performance and represents a significant barrier to commercial application. Τhis work presents a scalable method for enhancing the carbon electrode conductivity through the integration of aluminium and copper grids into prefabricated C-PSCs. Adhered to the cells using an additional low temperature carbon ink, the metallic grids were found to dramatically reduce top electrode series resistance, leading to a large improvement in fill factor and efficiency. After grid integration, the 1 cm2 C-PSCs yielded power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 13.4% and 13% for copper and aluminium respectively, while standard C-PSCs obtained PCE of 11.3%. Performance is also significantly augmented in the case of larger-scale 11.7 cm2 modules, where PCEs went from 7.7% to 10% and 11% for aluminium and copper grids respectively. This technique offers a fast and low temperature route to high-performance, large-area C-PSCs and could therefore have serious potential for application to the high-volume manufacture of perovskite cells and modules.
关键词： Module,Carbon based perovskite solar cell,Enhanced efficiency,Low temperature carbon ink,Metallic grid,Highly conductive carbon electrode
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Applying neoteric MgTiO3-coated TiO2 nanoparticulate films as scaffold layers in perovskite solar cells based on carbon counter electrode for retarding charge recombination
摘要： MgTiO3-coated TiO2 mesoporous scaffold layers were fabricated and applied in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) based on carbon counter electrode (CCE), in which TiO2 mesoporous layers were treated with different concentration of Mg2+ solution. Compared with PSCs based on pure TiO2 mesoporous layer, the open circuit voltage (Voc) and circuit photocurrent density (Jsc) of MgTiO3/TiO2-based devices significant improved. Intensive characterizations including scanning electron microscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy can confirm that the presence of MgTiO3 shell layer can’t only retard charge recombination at CH3NH3PbI3/TiO2 interface, but also have a strong effect on the perovskite film growth. Based on the optimized treating concentration of 0.10 M, power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.39% could be achieved for the hole-conductor-free PSCs with excellent long-term stability, suggesting immense potential for large-scale industrial production in the future.
关键词： Carbon counter electrode,Perovskite solar cell,MgTiO3/TiO2,Mesoporous scaffold layer,Hole-conductor-free
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57