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Ti3C2 MXene nanoparticles modified metal oxide composites for enhanced photoelectrochemical water splitting
摘要： MXene, an emerging family of two-dimensional (2-D) material, has shown outstanding electronic properties and promise for the applications on energy storage and conversion. In this paper, Ti3C2 MXene nanoparticles were synthesized by a facile solvent exfoliation method and used to construct metal oxide/Ti3C2 heterostructures. When these heterostructures were used as photoanodes for photoelectrochemical water splitting, significantly improved photoactivity and stability were achieved. Compared to pristine TiO2, 6-fold enhanced applied bias photon-to-current efficiency (ABPE) was achieved for TiO2/Ti3C2 heterostructures. According to the electron spin resonance, electrical impedance spectroscopic and Mott-Schottky measurements, the enhanced photoelectrochemical performance was ascribed to the presence of Ti3C2 as oxygen evolution cocatalysts and the strong interfacial interactions between metal oxide and Ti3C2. Therefore, our research provides a new way to design MXene-based heterostructures for solar energy conversion applications.
关键词： Metal oxide,MXene,Heterostructured photoanodes,Photoelectrochemical,Water splitting
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Novel design of photocatalyst coaxial ferromagnetic core and semiconducting shell microwire architecture
摘要： We report a novel design of coaxial core-shell magnetic-semiconductor microwire, as a catalyst under sunlight irradiation. The nano/micro hierarchical architecture-like device is comprised of a coaxial core-shell microwire where the core is the ferromagnetic Fe metal and the shell is formed by a semiconducting hematite layer. The fabrication process of our substrate-free device is simply based on controlled thermal oxidation process revealing a simple and low-cost method. The hematite outer microlayer has a mesoporous structure decorated with nanowires. The ferromagnetic and metallic core assume fundamental importance as to mechanical stability, collect the generated photoelectrons, and to be removed back from the dye solution by a magnetic field gradient or simply a magnet. This nano/micro device has exhibited photocatalytic activity to degrade the methylene blue dye under simulated sunlight irradiation. Additionally, the coaxial magnetic/semiconducting can also be designed as a photoanode to drive water oxidation reaction. The coaxial magnetic/semiconducting photoanode response has shown good chemical stability and long activity under simulated sunlight radiation. In fact, this designed architecture gives novel perspective in the development of substrate free photocatalyst.
关键词： Photoelectrochemical performance,Hematite photoanodes,Photodegradation,Micro/nano architecture,Core-shell microstructures,Thermal oxidation
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Mixed-metal organic framework-coated ZnO nanowires array for efficient photoelectrochemical water oxidation
摘要： Designing of high-performance photoanodes is essential for efficient solar energy conversion in photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. Herein, we report an effective approach to synthesize three dimensional (3D) mixed-metal organic framework-coated ZnO nanowires array (ZnNi MOF@ZnO) for the effective PEC performance. The ZnO nanowires act as photon absorber as well as rapid charge transporter; whilst the ZnNi MOF provides the active sites for PEC process by lowering the energy barrier of water oxidation and suppressing electron-hole recombination. The 3D nanostructure of ZnNi MOF@ZnO nanowires array provides intimate interfacial contact through covalent interactions between the ZnNi MOF and ZnO nanowires which facilitates the rapid charge transfer during photocatalytic oxygen evolution reactions. As a result, the ZnNi MOF@ZnO nanowires array exhibited excellent photoelectrochemical water oxidation with very low onset potential (0.31 V vs. RHE) and high photocurrent density (1.40 mA/cm2) as compared to the Zn MOF @ZnO and ZnO nanowires array. This facile strategy provides a promising direction towards high performance photoanode design for adequate solar energy conversion.
关键词： Metal organic frameworks (MOFs),Photoelectrocatalyst,Nanowires array,Photoelectrochemical water oxidation,Photoanodes
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Europium and terbium lanthanide ions co-doping in TiO2 photoanode to synchronously improve light-harvesting and open-circuit voltage for high-efficiency dye-sensitized solar cells
摘要： In this study, we explore the effects on the incorporation of europium (Eu3+) and terbium (Tb3+) rare-earth ions into titanium dioxide (TiO2) photoanodes in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies affirm that the Eu3+ ions are arranged at the cationic locales of Ti4+ in the matrix whereas the site inhabitance was remunerated by Tb3+ ions, supporting that the anatase phase stays unaltered without generating any new deformities. Additionally, the Eu3+ ions decidedly changed the conduction band minimum of TiO2, actually, Tb3+ ions contrarily conversion because of various vacant trap states in the band gap. Besides, the photoinduced electron transfer estimations show an efficient interfacial charge transfer for co-doped TiO2 (kET = 3.1 ns) contrasted with the bare TiO2 (2.6 ns). DSSCs based on Eu3+/Tb3+ co-doped TiO2 display higher efficiency (9.11%) than those for the bare TiO2 (7.20%) and the exclusively Eu3+ (8.01%) or Tb3+ (7.10%) doped samples, which is ascribed to the joined impact of a faster electron transportation and longer electron lifetime in the co-doped TiO2 film. This work may open another approach to further improve the performance of DSSCs by Eu3+/Tb3+ co-doping technique, advancing the development of DSSCs toward commercial applications.
关键词： Co-doping process,Europium (Eu3+)/terbium (Tb3+) lanthanide ions,Stability,Photoanodes,DSSCs,Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanopowders
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Synergistic enhancements in the performances of dye-sensitized solar cells by the scattering and plasmon resonance of Au-nanoparticle multi-shell hollow nanospheres
摘要： Novel multi-shell hollow SiO2@Au@TiO2 (HSAT) nanospheres are synthesized by multi-step method. Composite photoanodes and Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) with different amount of HSAT nanospheres are studied. The study indicates that the HSAT nanospheres have enhanced the scattering and absorption of incident light in the photoanode, reduced the interface transmission resistance, increased the electron lifetime, and thus significantly improved performance of DSSCs. The maximal Jsc and photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) obtained in the optimal DSSC doped with HSAT of 3.0% are 15.83 mA cm?2 and 7.21%, greatly enhanced by 21.0% and 20.4%, respectively, compared with those of the pure TiO2-based DSSC. These remarkable enhancements in DSSCs performance can be attributed to the synergistic and complementary effects of the localized surface plasmon resonance and strong light scattering of HSAT nanospheres, which has significantly improved the absorption and utilization on incident light and thus the PCE of the DSSCs. Such synergistic and complementary effects of the different functions are also likely expected to play roles in the performance improvements in other solar cells.
关键词： scattering enhancement,localized surface plasmon resonance,composite photoanodes,dye-sensitized solar cells,multi-shell hollow structure
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Efficiency Enhancement of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Using Tia??Nb Alloy Photoanodes with Mesoporous Oxide Surface
摘要： A native mesoporous titanium-niobium oxides layer on a Ti-6wt%Nb alloy sheet surface prepared through H2O2 pretreatment was successfully developed as an ef?cient photoanode for a dye-sensitized cell (DCCS). This alloyed mesoporous structure not only provided an increased surface area in contact with screen-printed TiO2 nanoparticles but also enabled Nb alloying in sintered nanoparticle deposits. Improvement of energy conversion ef?ciency of DSSCs can be increased up to 22% using H2O2 pretreatments with a proper post-annealing, and the mesoporous Ti–Nb photoanodes enhanced conversion ef?ciency by 15.2% to 18.3%, compared with unalloyed structures. EIS results under dark current indicate that DSSCs with mesoporous Ti–Nb photoanode exhibited a greater inhibition of recombination of electrons and holes at the interfaces of Nb-doped TiO2/dye/electrolyte layer due to energy barriers.
关键词： Efficiency enhancement,Mesoporous oxide surface,Ti–Nb alloy,Photoanodes,Dye-sensitized solar cells
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Role of Modifying Photoanodes by Organic Titanium on Charge Collection Efficiency Enhancement in Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
摘要： Mesoporous TiO2 photoanodes are prepared by an electrophoretic deposition (EPD) method and applied in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Pretreating an F-doped SnO2 coated glass (FTO) substrate and post-treating a TiO2 film to introduce an anatase TiO2 layer on the FTO and the TiO2 film, respectively, can greatly improve the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of a DSSC, which constitutes up 31% improvement compared with the untreated device. To disclose the mechanism for improvement, scanning electron microscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, open-circuit voltage decay, and photoluminescence spectra are investigated. It is proposed that the preformed compact TiO2 layer can suppress the back recombination by preventing direct contact between the electrolyte and the FTO substrate. Moreover, the compact TiO2 layer can reduce contact resistance between FTO and TiO2 particles. Further increased PCE by post-treatment is attributed to the promoted charge transfer efficiency. Both pre- and post-treating strategies can offer a reference to enhance the PCE for other porous film-based DSSCs, as well as promote the application of EPD in DSSCs.
关键词： photoanodes,anatase TiO2 layers,dye-sensitized solar cells,modify
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Interfacial Engineering in Functional Materials for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells || Graphitic Carbon Nitride Based Nanocomposites as Photoanodes
摘要： Owing to their unique properties, nanocomposites, nanostructures, and nanomaterials are playing a key role in energy conversion and in energy storage applications. In recent years, carbon-based nanostructures are used to meet the future energy demands. Nanostructured carbon nitrides (C3N4) are very attractive candidates for energy-based devices due to its high hardness, low friction coefficient, and steadfast chemical inertness. It has a great potential in solving the issues related to energy and environmental applications. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is one among the carbon-based nanostructures which has attracted enormous attention in green technologies for arresting solar energy, energy storage, supercapacitor, fuel cells, electrocatalysis, and environmental remediation as well as for electronic and composite industry. g-C3N4 is a well-known polymeric materials mainly consisting of carbon, nitrogen, and is also one of the oldest material discovered in 1843. It is considered as an artificial polymer in the scientific literature [1]. Its structure is shown in Figure 12.1.
关键词： Nanocomposites,Energy Storage,Energy Conversion,Photoanodes,Graphitic Carbon Nitride
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Interfacial Engineering in Functional Materials for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells || Light Scattering Materials as Photoanodes
摘要： Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are existing to be a promising alternative to conventional silicon solar cells owing to its ease of fabrication, low cost, along with the additional features like flexible devices and building integrated photovoltaic system [1]. In general, DSSC architecture comprised of semiconducting photoanode, counter electrode (catalyst), and an electrolyte [2, 3]. In DSSC, the quantity of light caught by the dye-sensitized photoanode has a strong influence on the overall performance because the electrons are generated directly from the excited dye molecules by the irradiated sunlight. One of the primary key tasks is to boost the performance of the device by enriching the photon absorption in DSSCs such as the introduction of a tandem structure and the introduction of a light-scattering effect. Among these developments, the light-scattering effect had more attention than others because of an easy method for enhancing light absorption [4–7]. The simple theory of light scattering effect was introduced by Usami [8] in 1997, stating that a new photoelectrode structure consisting of top layer made up of a large sized particle film on the below layer made up of a small sized particle film; the light scattered by the top layer triggered an increase in the light absorption. In initial days, several studies had been focused on the analysis of the light-scattering effect in the DSSCs by using various simulation methods based on the Monte Carlo model, Mie theory, and the many-flux model. Subsequently, the light-scattering effect had been widely used as an important technique to develop the performance of DSSCs [9]. So, the introduction of light scattering and light scattering materials are explained in the following sections.
关键词： Dye-sensitized solar cells,Rayleigh scattering,TiO2,Mie theory,nanoparticles,light scattering,DSSCs,photoanodes
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Interfacial Engineering in Functional Materials for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells || Doped Semiconductor as Photoanode
摘要： Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are currently attracting widespread academic and commercial interests for the conversion of sunlight into electricity. DSSCs are third-generation solar cells, which overcome the Shockley–Queisser limit of power efficiency for single band gap solar cells. These devices can be operated in extensive range of lighting conditions that make them suitable for various arrays of shaded and diffused light locations, without suffering from angular dependence of sunlight or light. The performances of these cells are not affected by temperature, direct sunlight, climate, etc. The main advantages of these solar cells are that they are highly efficient, low cost, easy fabrication, and eco-friendly. As a result they are versatile and can be incorporated into a wide variety of products. The key components of DSSC are transparent conducting oxide (TCO) fluorine-doped tin oxide/indium-doped tin oxide (FTO/ITO), semiconducting oxide materials such as TiO2, ZnO, SiO2 which acts as photoanodes, dyes such as inorganic/organic dyes as sensitizers, LiI/I as an electrolyte and platinum counter electrode.
关键词： Dye-sensitized solar cells,TiO2,efficiency,DSSCs,photoanodes,doping
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22