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A fully coupled numerical simulation of a hybrid concentrated photovoltaic/thermal system that employs a therminol VP-1 based nanofluid as a spectral beam filter
摘要： The realistic numerical modelling of multiphysics applications is an efficient way to precisely predict the operation of concentrated solar systems. Although many multiphysics conjugating approaches have been proposed in the literature, it is difficult to adopt such methods into simulating complex concentrated solar technologies. Consequently, this study introduces a novel 2D:3D numerical optical, thermal and electric coupling approach for a hybrid compound parabolic concentrator photovoltaic/thermal (CPC-PV/T) collector using a nanofluid as a spectral beam filter. In this approach, the volumetric absorbed radiation in each component of the system obtained from the non-gray 2D model is patched into the 3D model as a volumetric heat source using sophisticated computational tools. The main features of the full coupling method (FCM) are extensively analyzed and compared with the other two coupling methods previously adopted. Further, the module performance has been investigated employing both the nanofluid and base-fluid spectrum filters (BF-filter) compared with a stand-alone concentrated PV cell. From findings, the FCM can be applied to reveal more realistic operation characteristics of the proposed system compared with the other approaches, since the FCM can take into account the non-uniformity of solar illumination and the direction of reflected solar beams upon the receiver, along with the variation in the optical characteristics of utilized materials over the solar irradiance. Additionally, suspending indium tin oxide (ITO) nanoparticles into the Therminol VP1 oil raises the absorption rate over the thermal-bands with 62.5% higher than the use of BF-filter, whilst the cell temperature and the transmitted irradiance within the PV-band are obviously declined.
关键词： Radiative heat transfer,Multiphysics coupling method,Nanofluid,Concentrated photovoltaic/thermal system,Spectral beam filter
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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A numerical study on a photovoltaic thermal system integrated with a thermoelectric generator module
摘要： In this work, a three-dimensional numerical model is developed to investigate the performance of a photovoltaic thermal system integrated with a thermoelectric generator module (PVT/TE). Furthermore, the effects of various operating parameters such as solar radiation, coolant mass flow rate, and inlet and ambient temperatures on the performance of both the PVT and PVT/TE systems are investigated and compared. Based on the obtained results, the electrical efficiency of the PVT/TE system, when exposed to solar radiation of 600 and 1000 W/m2, is 6.23% and 10.41% higher than that of the PVT system, respectively. Besides, the electrical efficiency of the PVT and PVT/TE by increasing the inlet fluid temperature from 26 oC to 34 oC, reduces by 2.58% and 4.56%, respectively. Furthermore, by increasing the ambient temperature from 26 oC to 34 oC, the electrical efficiency of the PVT reduces by 1.43%, the electrical efficiency of the PVT/TE increases by 0.82%. Based on the simulation results, the electrical efficiency of the PVT/TE system is much higher than that of the PVT system, while the PVT system benefits from higher thermal efficiency in comparison to the PVT/TE system.
关键词： Numerical simulation,Electrical efficiency,Thermal efficiency,Thermoelectric generator module (TE),Photovoltaic thermal system (PVT)
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Numerical simulation and experimental validation of a photovoltaic/thermal system based on a roll-bond aluminum collector
摘要： In this paper, the performance of a polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic module and photovoltaic/thermal module are experimentally investigated under outdoor conditions, using a roll-bond thermal collector attached on the backside of the photovoltaic module. Furthermore, the temperature, pressure and velocity distributions across the photovoltaic/thermal module are simulated using a steady state thermal model. Compared with the photovoltaic module, the performances of photovoltaic/thermal module with and without the coolant circulation are both examined using a water volume of 100 L and a coolant mass ?ow rate of 0.034 kg/s. Using a design with a timed supplement water strategy, the electrical energy produced by the photovoltaic/thermal system has been increased by 3.25%. Compared without supplement before, the electrical energy can be extra increased more than 1%. A good agreement is found between simulated and experimental results. There is no doubt that the output performance of the photovoltaic/thermal system can be improved effectively by the design of timed supplement water.
关键词： Performance,Roll-bond design,Aluminum collector,Supplemental water strategy,Photovoltaic/thermal system
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Effect of dust deposition on performance characteristics of a refrigerant based photovoltaic/thermal system
摘要： A photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) system is an integration of a solar thermal system and photovoltaic module, which produces both heat and electricity simultaneously with better performance characteristics. Depending on the heat transfer fluid employed, they are mainly classified as air, water or refrigerant based systems. Advances in the field of PV/T systems ascertained that refrigerant based PV/T systems have better reliability and superior performance compared to air or water based PV/T systems. To date, the effect of dust deposition on the performance of a refrigerant-based photovoltaic/thermal system is hardly reported. The objective of the present study is to analyze the effect of dust deposition on the performance characteristics of a refrigerant photovoltaic/thermal system. Firstly the dust deposition under the climatic conditions of Surat City (21.17° N, 72.83° E), India was characterized through an experimental procedure following which a validated numerical model was used to study its effect on performance. It was observed that the progressive dust accumulation for a period of eight weeks reduced the spectral transmissivity of the glass from 91% to 46.09% due to which the electrical efficiency and coefficient of performance (COP) of the system reduced relatively by 44.14% and 8.53% respectively.
关键词： Dust deposition,Photovoltaic/thermal system,Heat pump
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Experimental study on the performance of a solar photovoltaic/thermal system combined with phase change material
摘要： We present a comprehensive analysis of a solar photovoltaic/thermal system combined with phase change material, i.e., a PV/T-PCM system. A fatty acid was chosen as the PCM with a phase transition temperature of 37 °C. A solar collector filled with PCM, which contained rectangular metal fins to enhance heat transfer, was used to cool the PV. Four-day experimental measurements were carried out under real outdoor climatic conditions in Shanghai, China. During the experiment, we examined two different intermittent thermal regulation strategies using a water circulation loop in the PV/T-PCM system to improve the overall solar energy utilization efficiency, and detailed comparisons were performed. The results indicated that the use of PCM in the solar collector could significantly mitigate the temperature fluctuation of the PV panel and improve the photoelectric efficiency. Due to the low thermal conductivity of fatty acid, the temperature stratification in the solar collector was still significant even with the addition of metal copper fins. The thermal regulation strategy of setting the temperature at 45 °C gave better performance and the overall efficiencies of Case 1 and Case 3 could reach approximately 91%. The overall efficiency of Case 3 and Case 4 was approximately 85% with the thermal regulation strategy of setting the temperature at 50 °C. More heat could be removed from the PCM in the solar collector using the relatively low temperature setting of the thermal regulation strategy. It was concluded that the overall energy utilization ratio of the PV/T-PCM system can be improved through a reasonable thermal regulation strategy; however, further work on the economics analysis of the system is still needed.
关键词： Phase change material,Photovoltaic/thermal system,Dual-axis tracker,Photoelectric efficiency,Photothermal efficiency
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Three-dimensional numerical investigation of a hybrid low concentrated photovoltaic/thermal system
摘要： Concentrated photovoltaic/thermal hybrid collectors have received ever-increasing attention due to the simultaneous output of electric and thermal energy. For further improvement of concentrated hybrid PV/T systems, a simulation method combining the multiphysics fields is necessary to accurately analyze the optical, thermal, and electric performance. Herein, a three-dimensional numerical study has been conducted on a low concentrated photovoltaic/thermal system utilizing a heat transfer fluid as the cooling medium and a compound parabolic concentrator as the mirror field. A finite volume (FV)-CFD code has been employed to simulate the entire model, where the optical modelling is validated theoretically with the Monte Carlo ray-tracing method. The influences of employing various heatsink designs (U-type and Z-type) and coolants (water, ethylene glycol, and therminol VP-1) are numerically investigated. The economic feasibility of the hybrid PV/T system is also assessed in comparison with the standalone PV-cell. Good compatibility with the empirical data was obtained when the appropriate modelling tunings were applied. It is also shown that, on a typical day, the total energy and exergy efficiencies of the system are up to 57.66% and 7.94%, respectively. The Z-type heatsink decreases the average PV-cell temperature than the U-type design, and also the output power is slightly enhanced.
关键词： Photovoltaic/thermal system,FV-DO radiation method,heat sink,energy and exergy analysis
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Progress of MWCNT, Al <sub/>2</sub> O <sub/>3</sub> , and CuO with water in enhancing the photovoltaic thermal system
摘要： Hybrid photovoltaic thermal system is an effective method to convert solar energy into electrical and thermal energy. However, its effectiveness is widely affected due to the high temperature of photovoltaic panel, and it can be minimized by employing nanofluids to the PV/T systems. In this research, the effect of various nanoparticles on the PV/T systems was studied experimentally. The nanofluids Al2O3, CuO, and multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) were dispersed with water at different volume fractions of 0, 0.5, 1, 2.5, and 5 (vol%) using ultrasonication process. The effect of nanomaterials on viscosity and density was classified. All tests were carried out in an outdoor laboratory setup for calibrating the PV temperatures, thermal conductivity, electrical power, electrical efficiency, and overall efficiency. In addition, the energy analyses were also made to estimate the loss of heat owing to the nanofluids. Results show that use of the nanofluid increased the electric power and electrical efficiency of PV/T compared with water. Furthermore, MWCNT and CuO reduced the cell temperature by 19%. Consequently, the nanofluids MWCNT, Al2O3, and CuO produced the impressive values of 60%, 55%, and 52% increase in an average electrical efficiency than conventional PV. Particularly, the MWCNT produced superior results compared with other materials. It is evidently clear from the result that the introduction of the nanofluid increases the thermal efficiency without adding any extra energy to the system. Moreover, insertion of Al2O3, CuO, and MWCNT on PV/T system increases the exergy efficiency more than conventional PV module.
关键词： photovoltaic thermal system,solar energy,nanoparticles,nanofluid,exergy,hybrid PV/T collectors
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22