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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 15th Brazilian Power Electronics Conference and 5th IEEE Southern Power Electronics Conference (COBEP/SPEC) - Santos, Brazil (2019.12.1-2019.12.4)] 2019 IEEE 15th Brazilian Power Electronics Conference and 5th IEEE Southern Power Electronics Conference (COBEP/SPEC) - Evaluation of Techniques to Reduce the Effects of Partial Shading on Photovoltaic Arrays
摘要： Shading is a harmful effect that decreases the power output of photovoltaic arrays. It can be observed that only a single shaded module is able to drastically reduce the energy production of the photovoltaic array. In addition, when shading reaches a larger number of modules, it becomes even more necessary to use techniques to reduce this effect, because in a series association the less efficient module limits the string current. This paper presents an analysis of six techniques that aim to reduce energy losses in photovoltaic panels operating under partial shading conditions. The techniques are evaluated through computer simulations, with the aid of PSIM? software. Therefore, a comparison is made between these techniques, defining which is the most suitable for each shading profile.
关键词： reconfiguration,photovoltaic modules,partial shading,by-pass diodes
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Effects of Doping of Bragg Reflector Layers on the Electrical Characteristics of InGaAs/GaAs Metamorphic Photovoltaic Converters
摘要： The current–voltage characteristics of InxGa1 – xAs/GaAs metamorphic photovoltaic converters with built-in n-InGaAs/InAlAs Bragg reflectors are studied at an indium content of x = 0.025–0.24. The series resistance of the heterostructures is measured in the temperature range from 90 to 400 K. It is found that a sharp rise in the resistance of silicon-doped reflectors with an increasing fraction of In is due to weak activation of the donor impurity in InAlAs–n:Si layers. As a result, the energy barriers for majority carriers are formed in the latter, with a height of 0.32–0.36 eV and a substantial width. To suppress this effect, the technology of the Te doping of n-InGaAs/InAlAs Bragg reflectors is developed, which reduces the series resistance by five orders of magnitude. This makes it possible to keep the fill factor of the current–voltage characteristic above 80% up to current densities of 2 A/cm2. Values exceeding 85%, achieved for the quantum efficiency, indicate that the “memory” and tellurium segregation effects characteristic of this kind of impurity are suppressed.
关键词： InAlAs,resistive loss,doping,Bragg reflector,photovoltaic converter,heterointerface,InGaAs
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 9th International Conference on Consumer Electronics (ICCE-Berlin) - Berlin, Germany (2019.9.8-2019.9.11)] 2019 IEEE 9th International Conference on Consumer Electronics (ICCE-Berlin) - Case Study of Photovoltaic Energy Surplus Absorption by Charging Lithium-Ion Batteries Considering Chargea??Discharge Energy Efficiency
摘要： In Autumn 2018, reductive control of photovoltaic surplus energy was performed in Kyushu, Japan. This was a lost opportunity to utilize renewable energy, which could have been otherwise stored in rechargeable batteries. In this study, we simulated the absorption of the photovoltaic energy surplus by charging battery systems of a working electric vehicle considering the energy efficiency of lithium-ion battery systems to reduce the operation cost. This study clarified the quantitative effects of a real-time energy efficiency diagnosis of lithium-ion battery systems. From the simulation results, we discovered that the improvements of the charge–discharge energy loss and the economic gain of the photovoltaic energy surplus absorption depended on the input–output power of the bidirectional vehicle- to-grid charger and the amount of surplus energy. When the input–output power is sufficiently high and the ratio of surplus energy to total capacity of the battery systems is sufficiently low, is the reasonable. The real-time degradation diagnosis of the battery systems and selection considering charge–discharge energy efficiency is necessary to improve the profit from surplus energy absorption.
关键词： charge – discharge energy efficiency,Lithium-ion battery,degradation diagnosis,photovoltaic surplus energy,working electric vehicle
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Extraction of uncertain parameters of a single-diode model for a photovoltaic panel using lightning attachment procedure optimization
摘要： The aim of this work is to improve the estimation of parameters of solar photovoltaic models. An approach based on lightning attachment procedure optimization, which takes into account the uncertainties of measurements, is proposed. The approach includes three steps: the extraction of the parameters in a conventional manner, the determination of the partial uncertainties of all the parameters, and finally the determination of the instantaneous parameters based on the results of the first two steps. To validate the proposed theoretical developments, the approach is applied to four different photovoltaic parameter estimation problems. The results obtained are compared with those given by well-established algorithms to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method, revealing that the proposed method exhibits very effective performance with a root-mean-square error on the order of 1 × 10?17, compared with 1 × 10?4 for existing literature methods.
关键词： Lightning attachment procedure optimization,Photovoltaic modeling,Parameter estimation,Uncertain measurements
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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[IEEE 2019 8th International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications (ICRERA) - Brasov, Romania (2019.11.3-2019.11.6)] 2019 8th International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications (ICRERA) - Estimation of Photovoltaic Panel Parameters by a Numerical Heuristic Searching Algorithm
摘要： This work uses the Nelder-Mead approach, which is a direct search optimization method, to obtain the accurate photovoltaic parameters by minimizing a predetermined objective function of five variables. This paper presents some new modifications made to the Nelder-Mead algorithm which allow a better convergence of the method. A comparison study has conducted between this proposed technique and a classical Nelder-Mead algorithm towards the additive noise of the current along with a sensitivity analysis towards the resolution of ADC.
关键词： parameter extraction,Photovoltaic panel,Nelder-Mead algorithm
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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An Experimental and Theoretical Study into Interface Structure and Band Alignment of the Cu2Zn1-xCdxSnS4 Heterointerface for Photovoltaic Applications
摘要： To improve the constraints of kesterite Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) solar cell, such as undesirable band alignment at p?n interfaces, bandgap tuning, and fast carrier recombination, cadmium (Cd) is introduced into CZTS nanocrystals forming Cu2Zn1-xCdxSnS4 through cost-effective solution-based method without post-annealing or sulfurization treatments. A synergetic experimental-theoretical approach was employed to characterize and assess the optoelectronic properties of Cu2Zn1-xCdxSnS4 materials. Tunable direct band gap energy ranging from 1.51 eV to 1.03 eV with high absorption coefficient was demonstrated for the Cu2Zn1-xCdxSnS4 nanocrystals with changing Zn/Cd ratio. Such bandgap engineering in Cu2Zn1-xCdxSnS4 helps in effective carrier separation at interface. Ultrafast spectroscopy reveals a longer lifetime and efficient separation photo-excited charge carriers in Cu2CdSnS4 (CCTS) nanocrystals compared to that of CZTS. We found that there exists a type-II staggered band alignment at the CZTS (CCTS)/CdS interface, from cyclic voltammetric (CV) measurements, corroborated by first-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations, predicting smaller conduction band offset (CBO) at the CCTS/CdS interface as compared to the CZTS/CdS interface. These results point towards efficient separation of photoexcited carriers across the p?n junction in the ultrafast time scale and highlight a route to improve device performances.
关键词： grain boundary,photovoltaic,cation substitution,Earth-abundant material,interfacial engineering,band offset,ultrafast carrier dynamics
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Chicago, IL, USA (2019.6.16-2019.6.21)] 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Thermo-mechanical degradation at finger-solder interface in a crystalline silicon photovoltaic module under thermal fatigue conditions
摘要： The thermo-mechanical performance of fingers in a crystalline silicon photovoltaic (PV) cell is often discussed in the domain of solder layer degradation due to their close proximity, and vulnerability under transient temperature variations. This paper discusses thermo-mechanical damage at common interfaces of the solder layer. It was established that the finger-solder interface is most prone to breakages. Further, effect of variable solder geometrical parameters on damage accumulation at the finger-solder interface was investigated. Solder thickness was found to be a crucial parameter. The variable width simulation demonstrated increased damage accumulation due to the case of over-soldering.
关键词： fingers,photovoltaic modules,solder,thermal cycling,thermo-mechanical degradation
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Chicago, IL, USA (2019.6.16-2019.6.21)] 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Simulation of Optical and Electrical Losses of PV Modules in Moderate and Desert Conditions
摘要： Measurements of the PV modules are based on standard test conditions. However, PV modules have significant difference in performance based on the locations, environmental conditions and mounting situation. One of the environmental factors which influence the performance of the PV module is the spectrum of incident light on the PV module. In this paper, we compare the optical reflection losses, thermal losses as well as electricity production of modules under moderate (AM1.5) and desert-like spectrums (AM1.0). The results show quantitatively that thermalization has the highest loss portion with an average of 29.5% of the total incoming power density for both spectrums. The highest relative change is for absorption of light in polymer encapsulant especially between 280-400 nm with 24.3% and total resistive losses (in cell and interconnection) with 21.3% extra losses from desert to moderate conditions. Finally, we show that similar modules in desert climate produce 5% extra power gain while it suffers from 7.2% extra heat and 5% extra reflections.
关键词： Photovoltaic cells,Si PV Modelling,Metrology and Characterization,PV,Crystalline Silicon PV
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Effect of film thickness and evaporation rate on co-evaporated SnSe thin films for photovoltaic applications
摘要： SnSe thin films were deposited by a co-evaporation method with different film thicknesses and evaporation rates. A device with a structure of soda-lime glass/Mo/SnSe/CdS/i-ZnO/ITO/Ni/Al was fabricated. Device efficiency was improved from 0.18% to 1.02% by a film thickness of 1.3 mm and evaporation rate of 2.5 ? s?1 via augmentation of short-circuit current density and open-circuit voltage. Properties (electrical, optical, structural) and scanning electron microscopy measurements were compared for samples. A SnSe thin-film solar cell prepared with a film thickness of 1.3 mm and evaporation rate of 2.5 ? s?1 had the highest electron mobility, better crystalline properties, and larger grain size compared with the other solar cells prepared. These data can be used to guide growth of high-quality SnSe thin films, and contribute to development of efficient SnSe thin-film solar cells using an evaporation-based method.
关键词： SnSe thin films,film thickness,co-evaporation,photovoltaic applications,evaporation rate
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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High-Performance Photovoltaic Hydrogen Sensing Platform with a Light-Intensity Calibration Module
摘要： Although battery-free gas sensors (e.g., photovoltaic, or triboelectric sensors) have been recently appeared to resolve the power consumption issue of conventional chemiresistors, severe technical barriers remain. Especially, their signals varying with ambient conditions such as light intensity confines the utilization of the sensors. Insufficient sensing performances (low response and slow sensing rate) of the previous battery-free sensors are also an obstacle for practical use. Herein, a photovoltaic hydrogen (H2) sensing platform having constant sensing responses regardless of light condition is demonstrated. The platform consists of two photovoltaic units: (1) a palladium (Pd)-decorated n-IGZO/p-Si photodiode covered with a microporous zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) film and (2) the same device configuration without the Pd catalyst as a reference to calibrate the base current of the sensor (1). The platform after calibration yields accurate response values in real-time regardless of unknown irradiance. Besides, the sensing performances (e.g., sensing response of 1.57 × 104% at 1% H2 with a response time < 15 s) of our platform is comparable with those of the conventional resistive H2 sensors, which are unprecedented results in photovoltaic H2 sensors.
关键词： zeolitic imidazolate framework,hydrogen sensor,battery-free gas sensor,light-intensity calibration module,photovoltaic gas sensor
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01