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Pulsed laser deposition of antimony selenosulfide thin film for efficient solar cells
摘要： Antimony selenosul?de, Sb2(SxSe1(cid:2)x)3, has been considered as a promising light harvesting material for low-cost, non-toxic, and stable solar cell applications. However, current preparation methods of Sb2(SxSe1(cid:2)x)3 suffer from low-quality ?lms, which hampers the performance improvement in Sb2(SxSe1(cid:2)x)3-based solar cells. Herein, we develop a pulsed laser deposition technique to fabricate antimony selenosul?de ?lms with ?at and compact surface morphology and high crystallinity. The composition of the as-obtained ?lms can be conveniently tuned via varying molar ratios of Sb2S3 and Se in targets. At optimized conditions, we fabricate planar heterojunction solar cells and then obtain a signi?cantly improved power conversion ef?ciency of 7.05%. Our research offers a facile and robust preparation method for Sb2(SxSe1(cid:2)x)3 ?lms with enhanced photovoltaic properties.
关键词： antimony selenosulfide,photovoltaic properties,thin film,pulsed laser deposition,solar cells
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Dye-sensitized solar cells based on graphene oxide and natural plant dye extract
摘要： The world is advancing quickly in terms of population and technology and this has placed a high demand on energy. The exploitation of conventional sources of energy such as fossil fuel, has proven to be harmful to the environment and its biota. Consequently, there is a need to exploit clean, renewable and sustainable sources of energy like the sun. Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have been of particular interest owing to their low price-to-performance ratio, relatively low cost of fabrication, availability of raw materials and eco-friendliness. The performance of the cell is highly dependent on the materials used for each of its components: the sensitizer, photoanode, counter electrode and the electrolyte. This work was carried out to study the photovoltaic properties of DSSCs based on TiO2-GO photoanodes sensitized with natural dye pigments. Graphene oxide (GO), synthesized from graphite by Hummer’s method, was incorporated into the photoanodes to study the effects of its varying composition on the photovoltaic performance of the cells. GO was incorporated into the photoanodes by forming a nanocomposite layer (GO-TiO2) onto a pristine TiO2 nanoparticle layer to form double-layer sensitized photoanodes. The synthesized GO was characterized by UV–vis spectroscopy showing an absorbance peak at 221 nm wavelength, characteristic of GO. Mimosa pudica dye, a chlorophyll dye, was extracted from the leaves of the photosensitive green plant to sensitize the photoanodes. The photovoltaic properties of the cells were evaluated by current density–voltage (JV) curves. Promising results were observed. Generally, the incorporation of GO in the double layer photoanodes enhanced the photovoltaic properties of the cells. This led to a 41% improvement in ef?ciency for 0.71 wt% GO double layer based DSSC compared to the single layer nanoparticle based DSSC. The highest ef?ciency was recorded for the double layer (DL) photoanode with 0.71 wt% GO composition (Voc = 0.284, Jsc = 16.085, FF = 0.00035, g = 0.1%). Furthermore, single-layer chlorophyll-sensitized photoanodes were compared with single-layer anthocyanin-sensitized photoanodes using Rhoeo spathacea and Hibiscus rosa-sinensis dye extracts. The highest ef?ciency was recorded for the TiO2/ Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (Voc = 0.468, Jsc = 0.039, FF = 0.485, g = 0.55%).
关键词： Dye-sensitized solar cells,Plant dye,Photovoltaic properties,Graphene oxide
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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The Optimized Thickness of Silver Doping on CdS/CdSe for Quantum Dot-Sensitized Solar Cell
摘要： Overall, CdSe:Ag+ quantum dots were prepared by the successive ionic layer absorption and reaction method using two solutions: mixing molar concentrations of 0.003 mM AgNO3 and a Cd(CH3COO)2·2H2O anion to make solution 1 and 2.27 g Se powder and 0.6 M Na2SO3 were dissolved in 100 ml deionized water, solution 2. The FTO was coated with TiO2 nanoparticles and then was dipped in both solutions, which created a FTO/TiO2/CdSe:Ag+ photoanode with a thickness of 1 layer to 4 layers. The layers of the CdSe:Ag+ film show an effect on the morphology, crystalline structure, optical properties, and photovoltaic through optical and photovoltaic measurements. Finally, the performance of the device based on a FTO/TiO2/CdSe:Ag+ photoanode with the different thickness increased significantly to exactly 3.96%. Moreover, in the pattern of an explanation of the optical and photovoltaic properties of materials, we use Tauc’s theory to determine the band gap, the conduction band, and the valence band.
关键词： CdSe:Ag+ quantum dots,Tauc’s theory,photovoltaic properties,Quantum dot-sensitized solar cells,successive ionic layer absorption and reaction method
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Boosting photovoltaic properties and intrinsic stability for MA-based perovskite solar cells by incorporating 1,1,1-trimethylhydrazinium cation
摘要： The most critical reason for limiting the extensive study and promotion of MA-based perovskites is their intrinsic instability when compared to FA-based perovskites. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a simple and effective method to improve their intrinsic stability. Herein, 1,1,1-trimethylhydrazinium cation (TMH+) was firstly introduced into MAPbI3 to fabricate high-performance mixed-cation perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with enhanced power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.86%, which benefits by the improved crystallization and morphology of films. On the one hand, the slightly large size of TMH+ is complementary to the low tolerance factor of MAPbI3 and then enhance the structure stability. On the other hand, the presence of methyl groups in TMH+ is beneficial to promote the hydrophobicity of MA-based perovskite. More importantly, the hydrazinium group can effectively inhibit the production of Pb0 in perovskites which is the initial stages of degradation. As a result, the intrinsic stability of PSCs has been observably boosted. After aging at 45±5% RH for 1800 h and 85 °C for 200 h, the unencapsulated PSCs retained 77% and 79% of initial PCE, respectively. This work provides a new design thought of the selection of suitable cations with special structure and chemical groups to enhance the moisture resistance and intrinsic stability of MA-based perovskite at the source of degradation.
关键词： 1,1,1-trimethylhydrazinium cation,intrinsic stability,perovskite solar cells,photovoltaic properties,MAPbI3
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Photovoltaic effect of ITO/Bi <sub/>3.15</sub> Nd <sub/>0.85</sub> Ti <sub/>3</sub> O <sub/>12</sub> /Pt heterojunction structure
摘要： ITO/BNT/Pt heterojunction structure has been prepared by sol-gel method combined with dc magnetron sputtering. The BNT (Bi3.15Nd0.85Ti3O12) films were polycrystalline with typical ferroelectric hysteresis. The ITO/BNT/Pt structure displayed photovoltaic properties with a Voc of about 0.28 V and a photocurrent of 2.4 nA. After being polarized by a + 4 V pulse, at the voltage of 0.1 V, the current was 3 × 10?8 A, while it was ?1 × 10?9 A after being polarized by a ?4 V pulse. This demonstrated the depolarization field of the BNT films played a significant role in the I–V properties of the ITO/BNT/Pt structure. Therefore, we speculated the depolarization field had influenced the photovoltaic properties.
关键词： Bi3.15Nd0.85Ti3O12,Depolarization field,photovoltaic properties,Sol-gel
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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A symmetric benzoselenadiazole based D–A–D small molecule for solution processed bulk-heterojunction organic solar cells
摘要： Benzoselenadiazole as the central acceptor unit with terminal donor unit of n-hexylbithiophene was chosen to design the symmetric donor-acceptor-donor (D–A–D) configuration based small organic chromophore, 4,7-bis(50-hexyl-[2,20-bithiophen]-5-yl)benzo[c][1,2,5]selenadiazole, RTh-BSe-ThR, for the fabrication of solution-processed bulk-heterojunction organic solar cells (BHJ-OSCs). RTh-BSe-ThR chromophore showed assuring solubility in common organic solvents and exhibited wider absorption in the visible region with an optical band gap (Eg opt) of ~1.87 eV. Benzoselenadiazole unit with two n-hexylbithiophene units exhibited an excellent electrochemical behavior with the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of ~5.38 eV and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of ~3.51 eV. The fabricated BHJ-OSCs with RTh-BSe-ThR:PC61BM (1:3, w/w) blend thin film displayed a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of ~3.46% and a high value of short circuit current density (JSC) of ~11.20 mA/cm2. The enhancement in the photovoltaic parameters might be attributed to the significant improvements in the interfacial area of bulk heterojunction which might enhance the light harvesting property and the shunt resistance of the blend thin films.
关键词： Organic solar cells,Photovoltaic properties,Organic chromophore,Bulk heterojunction,Benzoselenadiazole
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Asymmetric push-pull small molecules with auxiliary electron-accepting unit for bulk heterojunction organic solar cells
摘要： Two small molecular donors (TPA-DPP and TPA-DPP-MDN) were designed with asymmetric push-pull structure, namely, donor-acceptor (D-A) and donor-acceptor-acceptor (D-A-A) systems. They were synthesized and investigated by thermogravimetric analysis, UV–vis spectra, X-ray di?raction, density functional theory (DFT) calculation, electrochemical and the photovoltaic (PV) measurement. The D-A-A architecture (TPA-DPP-MDN) exhibited lower highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of –5.18 eV, narrower optical band gap of 1.52 eV, better thermal stability and higher degree of ordered aggregation than these of the D-A system (TPA-DPP). TPA-DPP-MDN based PV device showed better performance with higher open-circuit voltage (VOC) and short-circuit current density (JSC) than these of TPA-DPP based PV devices due to the low-lying HOMO level and wide spectral absorption range of TPA-DPP-MDN.
关键词： Photovoltaic properties,Small molecular donor,Donor-acceptor-acceptor,Asymmetrical push-pull
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Structural, optical, optoelectrical and photovoltaic properties of the thermally evaporated Sb2Se3 thin films
摘要： Production of inexpensive and promising light-absorbing materials is very important in photovoltaic device applications. In this study, we investigate the preparation of good-quality antimony selenide (Sb2Se3) thin films via thermal evaporation procedure with different thicknesses (241, 315, 387 and 429 nm). The analysis of the X-ray diffraction examination of the Sb2Se3 thin films demonstrates that the as-deposited Sb2Se3 thin films are polycrystalline with a single-phase orthorhombic structure. The elemental composition analysis of the evaporated Sb2Se3 thin film established that the as-deposited film has near stoichiometric composition of the compound. The linear optical results of the Sb2Se3 thin films revealed that the films show optical direct transitions and optical energy gaps in the range 1.12–1.05. The optoelectrical parameters of the Sb2Se3 thin films (ratio of the charge carrier concentrations to the effective mass N/m*, optical electronegativity ξopt and the lattice dielectric constant, εL) were estimated. The analysis of nonlinear optical parameters of the Sb2Se3 thin films reveals the increase of the film thickness combined with increase in the nonlinear refractive index. The Al/n-Si/Sb2Se3/Ag heterojunction was produced by the thermal evaporation technique. The photovoltaic constants of the Al/n-Si/Sb2Se3/Ag heterojunction were estimated from the J–V curve and demonstrate a solar efficiency of 4.03%.
关键词： Structural properties,Optoelectrical properties,Photovoltaic properties,Sb2Se3 thin films,Optical properties,Thermal evaporation
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Device Characteristics of Bandgap Tailored 10.04% Efficient CZTSSe Solar Cells Sprayed from Water Based Solution
摘要： Diverse S/(S+Se) ratio of Cu2ZnSn(Sx,Se1–x)4 (CZTSSe) thin film solar cells fabricated by water based spray pyrolysis approach. By fine tuning the S/(S+Se) ratio, base CZTSSe device efficiency has significantly improved from 7.02% to 10.04% by minimizing the Voc deficit up to 616 mV and increasing FF from 56.42% to 62.38%. As S/(S+Se) ratio was increased from 0 to 0.4, surface compactness was observed to be improved with slightly decreased grain size, which increased shunt resistance and resultantly increased fill factor. However, S-alloying more than S/(S+Se)=0.4, grain size was too much decreased and had detrimental effect on device performance. To deeply understand the role effect of S/(S+Se) ratio, detailed spectroscopic analysis performed with admittance spectroscopy (AS), temperature dependent current-voltage characteristic (J-V-T), time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) and Raman depth profiling. Experimental results revealed that the different power conversion efficiency (PCE) limiting factors were developed with various S/(S+Se) ratio. High density of deep defect states generated with S/(S+Se) ≥ 40% content and larger conduction band offset observed with red kink were formed in the Se/(S+Se) ≥ 80% content. Hence, in order to get high efficient CZTSSe solar cell, fine tuning of S/(S+Se) ratio is necessary.
关键词： Aqueous solution,Defect characterization,Spray deposition,Chalcogen ratio,Photovoltaic properties,CZTSSe thin films
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Regio-regular alternating diketopyrrolopyrrole-based D <sub/>1</sub> –A–D <sub/>2</sub> –A terpolymers for the enhanced performance of polymer solar cells
摘要： We designed and synthesized regio-regular alternating diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-based D1–A–D2–A terpolymers (PDPPF2T2DPP-T2, PDPPF2T2DPP-TVT, and PDPPF2T2DPP-DTT) using a primary donor (D1) [3,30-di?uoro-2,20-bithiophene (F2T2)] and a secondary donor (D2) [2,20-bithiophene (T2), (E)-1,2-di(thiophen-2-yl)ethene (TVT), or dithieno[3,2-b:20,30-d]thiophene (DTT)]. A PDPP2DT-F2T2 D–A polymer was synthesized as well to compare optical, electronic, and photovoltaic properties. The absorption peaks of the terpolymers (PDPPF2T2DPP-T2, PDPPF2T2DPP-TVT, and PDPPF2T2DPP-DTT) were longer (lmax ? 801–810 nm) than the peak of the PDPP2DT-F2T2 polymer (lmax ? 799 nm), which is associated with the high-lying HOMO levels of the terpolymers ((cid:2)5.08 to (cid:2)5.13 eV) compared with the level of the PDPP2DT-F2T2 polymer ((cid:2)5.38 eV). The photovoltaic properties of these DPP-based polymers were investigated under simulated AM 1.5G sunlight (100 mW cm(cid:2)2) with a conventional structure (ITO/PEDOT:PSS/polymer:PC71BM/Al). The open-circuit voltages (Voc) of photovoltaic devices containing the terpolymers were slightly lower (0.68–0.70 V) than the Voc of the device containing the PDPP2DT-F2T2 polymer (0.79 V). The short-circuit current (Jsc) of the PDPPF2T2DPP-DTT device was signi?cantly improved (14.14 mA cm(cid:2)2) compared with that of the PDPP2DT-F2T2 device (8.29 mA cm(cid:2)2). As a result, the power conversion e?ciency (PCE) of the PDPPF2T2DPP-DTT device (6.35%) was increased by 33% compared with that of the simple D–A-type PDPP2DT-F2T2 device (4.78%). The highest Jsc and PCE values (the PDPPF2T2DPP-DTT device) were attributed to an optimal nanoscopically mixed morphology and strong interchain packing with a high face-on orientation in the blend ?lm state. The study demonstrated that our strategy of using multiple donors in a regio-regular alternating fashion could ?ne-tune the optical, electronic, and morphological properties of D–A-type polymers, enhancing the performance of polymer solar cells.
关键词： diketopyrrolopyrrole,terpolymers,polymer solar cells,photovoltaic properties,regio-regular
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22