- 标题
- 摘要
- 关键词
- 实验方案
- 产品
-
Concentrated photovoltaic and thermal system application for fresh water production
摘要： This study was conducted to investigate the performance of Concentrated Photovoltaic/Thermal system (CPV/T) coupled with direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) for saline water desalination. A numerical heat and mass flux model was constructed to investigate the feasibility of freshwater production. The average electrical efficiency was found to be about 18%, while thermal efficiency increased to an average of 25% and the total efficiency reached an average of 71%. The CPV/T efficiency with the cooling loop reached 19.26% at the peak time of the process. Eventually, the DCMD produced 3 kg/m2/h of fresh water and consumed thermal energy of about 9200 kJ/kg water. Moreover, the water mass flux decreased from 3 L/m2/h to 1.8 L/m2/h in a nonlinear manner. When the gain output ratio (GOR) of the system reaches 2.6 efficiency value or greater, the water outlet temperature from the CPV/T can increase along with the water permeate flux produced by the coupled system. In contrast, if the temperature of the outlet water from the CPV/T system is low, the feed water temperature in the heat exchanger also decreases. As a result, a significant decrease is observed in the feed inlet temperature of the DCMD module.
关键词： Membrane distillation,Solar desalination,Concentrated flat plate solar photovoltaic–thermal,Solar energy,Water desalination
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
-
Experimental and theoretical analysis of hybrid concentrated photovoltaic/thermal system using parabolic trough collector
摘要： In the current work, a hybrid concentrated photovoltaic thermal system was designed and coupled with a parabolic trough collector and investigated theoretically and experimentally for combined heat and power output. In the design, a photovoltaic module was mounted on a flat surface of parabolic trough absorber tube having semi cylindrical shape. A provision was made to cool photovoltaic panel from both the surfaces by flowing water through the absorber tube as well as the annulus of between absorber tube and glass cover. The model was developed using first law of the thermodynamics and then validated using experimental data generated through the fabricated setup. During the experimentation, the annulus flow rate was varied from 0.008 kg/s, 0.017 kg/s and 0.025 kg/s and inner flow rate was varied from 0.075 kg/s, 0.083 kg/s and 0.091 kg/s. The field testing results showed the mean overall efficiency of system obtained as 61.42%, 64.61% and 66.36% for inner tube flow rate of 0.075 kg/s, 0.083 kg/s and 0.091 kg/s respectively for annulus flow rate of 0.008 kg/s. The theoretical results of hybrid system obtained from the simulation are in good agreement with the experimental data. In the end environmental cost analysis was also carried out for the proposed system.
关键词： Hybrid system,Concentrated Photovoltaic/thermal,Parabolic trough collector,Renewable energy,Solar energy
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
-
Indoor and outdoor characterization of concentrating photovoltaic attached to multi-layered microchannel heat sink
摘要： Concentrating Photovoltaic technology is a promising option in power generation using the photovoltaics compared to the conventional ?at PV system. This study investigates the performance of a high concentrated photovoltaic single solar cell module attached to a multi-layered microchannel heat sink. The system has been tested the ?rst time experimentally both at indoor and outdoor conditions. The indoor characterization of the system investigated the e?ect of varying the number of the layers of the heat sink and the ?ow rate of the ?uid electrically and thermally. The experiments show that varying the number of the heat sink layers from 1-layer to 3-layers increase the maximum electrical generation by 10% and reduces the cell temperature by 3.15 °C under the same ?uid ?ow rate of 30 ml/min. The outdoor experiments show the maximum output electrical generation of the system of 4.60 W and the short circuit current of 1.96 A. The maximum solar cell temperature was maintained below 61 °C where the extracted heat of the system was 12.85 W which represents of 74.9% of the total generated power.
关键词： Heat sink,Concentrating photovoltaic,Thermal regulation,Multi-layered microchannel
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
-
Performance of Solar Photovoltaic panel using Forced convection of water-based CuO nanofluid: An Understanding
摘要： Most of the conventional Solar Photovoltaic module consists of a Silicon cell that converts sunlight into electric energy. The process of conversion into electricity is exothermic and all photons are not able to produce electricity due to insufficient energy. Depending upon efficiency to convert it into electricity only the small amount of radiations are used and rest all are involved in increasing the temperature of the module. Study shows that 80% of incident solar radiation are absorbed by a solar photovoltaic cell. This increases the temperature of the module, reduces its electrical efficiency. This increase in temperature affects the power output and lifespan of the PV module. So to maintain the temperature of the module various cooling methods such as air cooling, hydraulic cooling, heat pipe cooling, cooling with phase change materials and cooling with nanofluids have been reported in the literature. The use of suitable nanofluids is one of the effective methods to increase thermal capacitance and control the temperature rise of the PV module. To increase the performance of the system thermal properties of working fluid must be improved which is achieved by using suitable additives with the base fluid which are referred to as nanofluids. Using Copper oxide/water as a working fluid analysis was performed. It was concluded that performance can be improved significantly if we integrate the system with a good heat exchanger. In this paper, the effect of CuO based nanofluids as a cooling medium for a PV module has been reported.
关键词： Solar photovoltaic,Thermal efficiency,cut off voltage,Electrical efficiency
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
-
Environmental Impact of the High Concentrator Photovoltaic Thermal 2000x System
摘要： High Concentrator Photovoltaic Thermal (HCPV/T) systems produce both electrical and thermal energy and they are efficient in areas with high Direct Normal Irradiance (DNI). This paper estimates the lifecycle environmental impact of the HCPV/T 2000x system for both electrical and thermal functionalities. Process-based attributional method following the guidelines and framework of ISO 14044/40 was used to conduct the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). The midpoint and endpoint impact categories were studied. It was found that the main hotspots are the production of the thermal energy system contributing with 50% and 55%, respectively, followed by the production of the tracking system with 29% and 32% and the operation and maintenance with 13% and 7%. The main contributor to the lifecycle environmental impact category indicators was found to be the raw materials acquisition/production and manufacturing of the thermal energy and tracking systems. The results indicate that the lifecycle environmental impact of the HCPV/T 2000x system is lower compared to fuel-based Combined Heat and Power (CHP) and non-Renewable Energy Sources (non-RES) systems.
关键词： High Concentrator Photovoltaic Thermal (HCPV/T),environmental impacts,Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
-
Analysis of a Residential Photovoltaic-Thermal (PVT) System in Two Similar Climate Conditions
摘要： Photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) panels combine solar thermal and photovoltaic technologies and generate simultaneously both heat and electricity. This paper looks at the potential of integrating these systems into small domestic prosumer households for the climates of Bucharest, Romania, and Strasbourg, France. First, some brief background information on PVT systems and the concept of prosumers is introduced, highlighting their features as well as the solar energy market setting in Romania and France. Next, a PVT system is proposed for a given household consumer in Strasbourg and Bucharest with the variable weather conditions corresponding to the two locations. The PVT system and the coupled consumer are modelled in TRNSYS (v17, Thermal Energy System Specialists, Madison, USA). A performance analysis is carried out in order to establish the daily instantaneous energy output and the annual energy production. The results indicate a 10–12% better performance in Bucharest compared to Strasbourg due to slightly better weather conditions. The system e?ciency was assessed through various methods (?rst law e?ciency and primary energy saving). Depending on the method used, the location and time of year, the results vary from 15% for the ?rst law e?ciency to 90% for the primary energy saving e?ciency. The most suitable e?ciency assessment method for this study was found to be the primary energy saving method, as it takes into account the regional di?erences in energy production. This study concludes that the Romanian PVT market has a good potential for adopting the technology, especially since it is currently less mature than in France.
关键词： photovoltaic-thermal,solar energy,prosumer,renewable energy,micro-cogeneration
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
-
Performance Evaluation and Optimization of a Building-Integrated Photovoltaic/Thermal Solar Water Heating System for Exterior Shading: A Case Study in South China
摘要： Building-integrated photovoltaic/thermal (BIPV/T) systems can produce both electrical and thermal energy through the use of photovoltaic/thermal modules integrated with building envelope. Exterior shading is a common way to improve summer indoor thermal environment of the buildings in low latitudes. This study presents a BIPV/T solar water heating system for exterior shading of residences. In order to evaluate and optimize the system performances, a model was developed to simulate the thermal and electrical production of such system. The simulations for an example system in Guangzhou, a city in South China, were performed to investigate the influences of tank installation height and panel tilt angle on system performances. According to simulation results, the suggested tank installation height is 0.6~0.8 m. The shading coefficient ranges from 0.797 to 0.828 when the tilt angle varies from 14° to 38°. The reduction of panel tilt angle causes a certain improvement of shading performance. The annual auxiliary heat reaches the minimum when the panel tilt angle equals 28°, and the annual electric energy output changes little when the panel tilt angle ranges from 20° to 28°. Comprehensively considering thermal, electrical, and shading performances, the suggested panel tilt angle is 20°~28°. The average thermal and electrical efficiencies are respectively 38.25% and 11.95% when the panel tilt angle ranges from 20° to 28°. The presented system is a promising way to provide hot water, electricity, and exterior shading for residences.
关键词： exterior shading,BIPV/T,thermosyphon photovoltaic/thermal water heater,performance evaluation and optimization
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
-
A new method for evaluating nominal operating cell temperature (NOCT) of unglazed photovoltaic thermal module
摘要： Photovoltaic thermal (PVT) modules convert solar energy into electricity and heat. Unlike that of normal photovoltaic modules, the nominal operating cell temperature (NOCT) of PVT modules, which is used to evaluate the temperature and electrical power output, is unknown because it depends on the mass flow rate and inlet temperature of the working fluid in the module. In this paper, a new method for calculating the NOCT of PVT modules with water as the working fluid is presented. Four unglazed identical PVT modules in series were tested outdoors with various mass flow rates. The tests, which were similar to solar collector tests, were conducted from 8:30 to 16:30 on clear-sky days in Chiang Mai, Thailand, and the water inlet temperature of the first PVT module of the system was varied from 27 to 60 ?C. The correlation between the NOCT of the unglazed PVT module, based on (Tfi ? Ta)/IT , and the water mass flow rate, ˙m, was determined. The calculated PVT module temperature determined with the new NOCT method agrees well with the experimental data, and 96% of the calculated results deviate only by up to ±10% from the experimental data.
关键词： Performance,Photovoltaic thermal module,Module temperature,Nominal operating cell temperature
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
-
Thermal and electrical performance of a novel photovoltaic-thermal road
摘要： The solar road is a new type of technology for solar energy conversion. As the solar energy utilization e?ciency of a solar road is too low, to solve this issue, a novel photovoltaic-thermal road is proposed in this paper. In addition, a mathematical model is developed to evaluate thermal and electrical performance of the photovoltaic-thermal road, and it is validated by experimental data. Moreover, the performance of a simple water system of the photovoltaic-thermal road is investigated and compared with that of a photovoltaic road. The results show that overall energy e?ciency of the photovoltaic-thermal road system is 3.95 times that of the photovoltaic road system. In addition, this study analyzed the e?ects of some meteorological and geometric parameters on the system performance. The pipe diameter was found to have little e?ect on the overall performance of photovoltaic-thermal road. Furthermore, the solar-radiation intensity, packing factor of photovoltaic cell, mass ?ow rate of circulating water, and transparent surface transmissivity have positive in?uences on the overall energy e?ciency; in contrast, the wind speed and burial depth of the pipe have negative in?uences, implying that a windless environment is conducive to the energy output of the PVTR system. An optimum thermal conductivity of asphalt concrete can maximize the overall energy e?ciency; for this study, the recommended range of this value is from 1.0 to 1.5 W/(m·K). The results of this study substantially contribute to the state of knowledge regarding photovoltaic-thermal road designs.
关键词： Thermal storage e?ciency,Electrical e?ciency,Solar energy,Photovoltaic-thermal road
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
-
Storage systems for building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) and building-integrated photovoltaic/thermal (BIPVT) installations: Environmental profile and other aspects
摘要： In recent years there has been an increasing interest in Building-Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) and Building-Integrated Photovoltaic/Thermal (BIPVT) systems since they produce clean energy and replace conventional building envelope materials. By taking into account that storage is a key factor in the effective use of renewable energy, the present article is an overview about storage systems which are appropriate for BIPV and BIPVT applications. The literature review shows that there are multiple storage solutions, based on different kinds of materials (batteries, Phase Change Material (PCM) components, etc.). In terms of BIPV and BIPVT with batteries or PCMs or water tanks as storage systems, most of the installations are non-concentrating, fa?ade- or roof-integrated, water- or air-based (in the case of BIPVT) and include silicon-based PV cells, lead-acid or lithium-ion batteries, paraffin- or salt-based PCMs. Regarding parameters that affect the environmental profile of storage systems, in the case of batteries critical factors such as material manufacturing, accidental release of electrolytes, inhalation toxicity, flammable elements, degradation and end-of-life management play a pivotal role. Regarding PCMs, there are some materials that are corrosive and present fire-safety issues as well as high toxicity in terms of human health and ecosystems. Concerning water storage tanks, based on certain studies about tanks with volumes of 300 L and 600 L, their impacts range from 5.9 to 11.7 GJprim and from 0.3 to 1.0 t CO2.eq. Finally, it should be noted that additional storage options such as Trombe walls, pebble beds and nanotechnologies are critically discussed. The contribution of the present article to the existing literature is associated with the fact that it presents a critical review about storage devices in the case of BIPV and BIPVT applications, by placing emphasis on the environmental profile of certain storage materials.
关键词： ecotoxicity,Building-Integrated Photovoltaic/Thermal (BIPVT),embodied energy,Human toxicity,Life Cycle Assessment (LCA),CO2 emissions,Building-Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV),Storage materials
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59