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Performance improvement in photosensitive organic field effect transistor by using multi-layer structure
摘要： In this study, a new approach was introduced for Photo-OFETs as a multi-layer structure. Poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) regioregular (P3HT) and Copper(II) phthalocyanine (CuPc) thin films were used as two different active photo-absorber layers in the same device structure. Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) was used as a dielectric layer and all devices were fabricated with a top-gate bottom-contact configuration. In order to investigate the effect of the location of each layer on the Photoresponsive organic field-effect transistors (Photo-OFET) performance, five different devices in various structures were produced and analyzed. Surface properties of active layers have been investigated via Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and effects of surface roughness on device performance have been discussed. P3HT/CuPc/P3HT multi-layered structure exhibited the best performance in terms of photoresposivity(as 45 mA/W) and photosensitivity (~ 2x103). Photo-OFET based on a multi-layer structure demonstrated superior performance with wider absorbance spectrum region compared to conventional single component devices of P3HT or CuPc. The proposed multi-layer structure can be a model to improve the realization of high performance Photo-OFETs.
关键词： Photoresponsive organic field-effect transistors,Organic field effect transistors,Multilayer structure,Poly(3-hexylthiophene),Photosensitivity,Poly(methyl methacrylate)
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Polymer/Inorganic Hole Transport Layer for Low-Temperature-Processed Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： In the search for improvements in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), several different aspects are currently being addressed, including an increase in the stability and a reduction in the hysteresis. Both are mainly achieved by improving the cell structure, employing new materials or novel cell arrangements. We introduce a hysteresis-free low-temperature planar PSC, composed of a poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT)/CuSCN bilayer as a hole transport layer (HTL) and a mixed cation perovskite absorber. Proper adjustment of the precursor concentration and thickness of the HTL led to a homogeneous and dense HTL on the perovskite layer. This strategy not only eliminated the hysteresis of the photocurrent, but also permitted power conversion efficiencies exceeding 15.3%. The P3HT/CuSCN bilayer strategy markedly improved the life span and stability of the non-encapsulated PSCs under atmospheric conditions and accelerated thermal stress. The device retained more than 80% of its initial efficiency after 100 h (60% after 500 h) of continuous thermal stress under ambient conditions. The performance and durability of the PSCs employing a polymer/inorganic bilayer as the HTL are improved mainly due to restraining perovskite ions, metals, and halides migration, emphasizing the pivotal role that can be played by the interface in the perovskite-additive hole transport materials (HTM) stack.
关键词： interface,CuSCN,poly(3-hexylthiophene),stability,bilayer
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Development of Block Copolymers with Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Segments as Compatibilizers in Non-Fullerene Organic Solar Cells
摘要： P3HT-segment-based block copolymers have been reported to deliver an effective compatibilizer function in the P3HT:PC61BM bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) system to simultaneously improve performance and stability. However, as limited by the deficient optophysic properties of the P3HT:PC61BM system, the resultant power conversion efficiency (PCE) of compatibilizer-mediated devices is low despite the optimized chemical structures of the P3HT-segment-based block copolymers. To better shed light on such compatibilizer effect, the compatibilizer function of the P3HT-segment-based block copolymers is herein investigated in the emerging non-fullerene acceptor (NFA)-based BHJ systems. A P3HT analogue, poly[(4,4′-bis(2-butyloctoxycarbonyl-[2,2′-bithiophene]-5,5-diyl)-alt-(2,2′-bithiophene-5,5′-diyl)] (PDCBT), is used as the polymer donor since it shares the same backbone as P3HT to afford good compatibility with the P3HT-segment-based block copolymers and it has been proven to deliver a higher PCE than P3HT in the NFA BHJ systems. The P3HT-segment-based block copolymers (P1-P4) are manifested to offer similar compatibilizer function for the PDCBT-based NFA BHJ systems and the importance of their structural design is also revealed. As a result, addition of P4 delivers the largest enhancement in PCE: from 5.30% to 7.11% for the PDCBT:ITIC blend and from 6.21% to 8.04% for the PDCBT:IT-M blend. Moreover, it can also enhance device’s thermal stability, which can maintain 77% of initial PCE after annealing at 85 oC for 120 h (for the PDCBT:ITIC blend), outperforming the pristine binary device (66% preservation). More importantly, all the compatibilizer-mediated device exhibits an improved Voc. Such reduced potential loss can be attributed to the improved interfacial compatibility between the photoactive components, the most important function of a compatibilizer.
关键词： compatibilizer,poly(3-hexylthiophene) segment,non-fullerene acceptor,organic solar cells,Block copolymers
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Aggregate dispersions to enhance the intrachain order in surfactant-stabilized aqueous colloids of poly(3-hexylthiophene)
摘要： Aqueous colloids of conjugated polymers (CP), such as poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), are an attractive alternative for processing CP-based materials because (1) the microstructure of the conjugated polymers can be optimized during the formation of the colloid and (2) this method can significantly reduce the amount of hazardous organic solvents used during manufacturing. This investigation addresses the optimization of the polymer structure by studying the intrachain order of P3HT aggregates pre-assembled in mixtures of chloroform (CF) with dichloromethane (DCM) and subsequently dispersed in aqueous solutions of the surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) using a mini-emulsion method. Compared to an amorphous solution of P3HT, the observed intrachain order of P3HT in the colloids is much higher when using aggregate dispersions pre-assembled in the CF:DCM mixtures. Similar results are observed for aggregate dispersions of a benchmark organic photovoltaic system composed of P3HT and the fullerene derivative phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), but in this case the intrachain order of P3HT in the P3HT:PCBM colloids is anomalously higher than the pure P3HT colloids. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging reveals changes in the dominant structural motifs and morphology of the colloidal P3HT films, but not in a way that correlates with films processed from the aggregate dispersions.
关键词： Emulsion,Colloids,Poly(3-hexylthiophene),Aggregates,PCBM
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Eco-friendly synthesis of regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) by direct arylation polymerization: Analysis of the properties that determine its performance in BHJ solar cells
摘要： A series of regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophenes) (rr-P3HTs) was synthetized by optimizing an eco-friendly Direct Arylation Polymerization (DArP) method, using as novel strategy, a gradual catalyst addition and temperature reaction increase improving P3HT quality. The polymers were analyzed and tested in organic solar cells (OSCs) in order to correlate the P3HTs properties with the power conversion efficiency (PCE). Results revealed that the best PCEs (3.6 and 3.4 %) were reached with P3HTs of the highest RR (94 and 93 % HT), with the lowest molecular weight (5.1 and 4.9 kDa) and, as X-ray diffraction in films and 2D-GIWAXS results endorse, with an edge-on orientation over the substrate, the largest size crystal and the highest Bragg’s peaks, this latter feature could be the most effective reason to obtain the best PCEs. Theoretical calculations helped to understand how specific P3HT crystalline arrangements in the active layer favors the PCE.
关键词： X-ray diffraction,Poly(3-hexylthiophene),organic solar cells,eco-friendly direct heteroarylation polymerization
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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The merging mechanisms of poly(3-hexylthiophene) domains revealed through scanning tunneling microscopy and molecular dynamics simulations
摘要： Herein, we in situ track the merging processes of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) domains physisorbed onto graphite while keeping the domain structures clearly resolved through scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The domain shape-fixed, amoeba/worm-like and bridge-mediated merging mechanisms are revealed. In the domain shape-fixed diffusion, the moving domains obey the principle of the non-continuous random walks. Both diffusive and ballistic-like dynamics are disclosed. Additionally, the asymmetrical domains may show anisotropic movements. In the amoeba-like style, the pseudopodia are formed and changed stochastically while in the worm-like style two permanent parts (head and body) of the domains are formed prior movement and kept fixed in the motions. Finally, the integration of two domains is called a bridge-mediated one, if a small domain is bound to a bigger one directly through a dynamic bridge. The molecular dynamics simulations support the experimental findings of P3HT domain movements and rotations on the graphite surface.
关键词： Surface diffusion,Poly(3-hexylthiophene),Scanning tunneling microscopy
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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P3HT with Zn(C <sub/>6</sub> F <sub/>5</sub> ) <sub/>2</sub> as p‐Type Dopant for the Enhanced Performance of Planar Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： The molecular organic Lewis acid bis(pentafluorophenyl)zinc [Zn(C6F5)2] is reported as an efficient p-type dopant for poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT), to be used as hole-transporting material (HTM) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) for the first time. To date, the most efficient PSCs use lithium bis(trifluoromethane) sulfonimide lithium salt (LiTFSI) and 4-tert-butylpyridine (tBP) as standard additives for HTMs. However, such dopants can induce deleterious effects on device stability. Herein, the effect of the concentration of Zn(C6F5)2 in P3HT HTM on the performance of PSCs is investigated. The P3HT-based PSCs using a low concentration of the dopant (0.025 mol%) in the HTM layer exhibit the best performance and the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.49%, which is almost 3.5% higher than the achieved PCE for pristine P3HT-based PSCs. The origin of the improved performance for PSCs is further investigated, by studying the conductivity and hole mobility of the thin films based on pristine and doped P3HT. Adding a small amount of Zn(C6F5)2 to P3HT increases its thin-film hole mobility and its hole extraction ability.
关键词： Lewis acid dopants,poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl),perovskite solar cells,hole-transporting materials
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Enhanced performance of P3HT-based non-fullerene polymer solar cells by optimizing film morphology using non-halogenated solvent
摘要： Increasing research interests have been paid to developing efficient polymer solar cells by using integrating non-fullerene acceptors with poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), owing to the low-cost, promising performance and excellent stability. Here we systematically studied how processing solvents influence the overall performances of polymer solar cells using P3HT as the electron donor. It is very interesting to note that the devices processed with the non-halogenated solvent, 2-methylanisole in presence of 1-methylnaphthalene as solvent additive, exhibit reduced bimolecular and trap-assisted monomolecular recombination, facile charge extraction and enhanced charge carrier mobilities. Careful morphological investigation revealed that the optimizing crystallites, phase purity as well as nanofibrous structure is effective to the enhancement of charge generation and transport. It is also worth noting that these P3HT:O-IDTBR based devices processed with these non-halogenated solvents exhibited an impressive power conversion efficiency of 7.1% with a high fill factor of 75.09% on a device area of 0.05 cm2, and the efficiency remained 6.89% even in a device with large active layer area of 1 cm2, while also showing promising thermal stability. This study provides a new scope of processing P3HT based polymer solar cells by using non-halogenated solvents, which is compatible and has great promise for future applications.
关键词： large-area,polymer solar cell,poly(3-hexylthiophene),non-halogenated solvent,non-fullerene
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Solution-processed P3HT:PbS based NIR Photodetector with FET Configuration
摘要： A near-infrared (NIR) solution-processed photodetector based on a mixture of PbS colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) and Poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) was presented. In a reverse field-effect transistor (FET) device configuration Au(S,D)/P3HT:PbS/PMMA/Al(G), uniform-sized and well-dispersed PbS CQDs were employed as NIR absorbing materials in the active layer. Meanwhile, the poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) dielectric layer could be seen as an encapsulation to enhance the device stability. Herein, High “on/off” current ratio (Ion/Ioff) of 104 was obtained in dark, and the maximum photosensitivity (P) of 947 was gotten under 200 mW/cm2 980 nm illumination. When the irradiance reduced to 0.1 mW/cm2, the responsivity (R) and detectivity (D?) of the NIR photodetector reached 9.4 mA/W and 2.5×1011 Jones, respectively. Therefore, the P3HT:PbS hybrid FET-based NIR photodetector had shown both relatively high electrical and detecting performance, which provided an experimental foundation and method for the next fabrication of medical infrared detectors and sensors.
关键词： PbS colloidal quantum dots (CQDs),Near-infrared (NIR) photodetector,Poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT),Field-effect transistor (FET)
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Intermingled Network of Syndiotactic Polystyrene/Poly(3-hexylthiophene)
摘要： By taking advantage of the fiber forming properties of both polymers in p-xylene, syndiotactic polystyrene (sPS) and poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) are mixed at an elevated temperature to prepare a composite network. These sPS?P3HT networks have been intensively investigated by UV?vis absorption, FTIR, and DSC; their morphologies by FE-SEM and FEG-TEM; and the molecular structure of the P3HT chains by neutron scattering experiments, rheology, and conductivity. Absorption measurements indicate the occurrence of π?π interaction between the P3HT chains and the sPS phenyl groups. Investigations by FESEM, TEM, and AFM show the formation of an intermingled network of sPS fibrils and P3HT ribbons. Small-angle neutron scattering studies reveal that a fraction of P3HT molecules is possibly encapsulated within the sPS fibrils. The increase of the elastic modulus with increasing P3HT content together with the increase of electrical conductivity is likely related to these encapsulated chains.
关键词： poly(3-hexylthiophene),composite network,syndiotactic polystyrene,π?π interaction,electrical conductivity
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22