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Boron nitride/sulfonated polythiophene composite electro-catalyst as the TCO and Pt-free counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells: 21% at dim light
摘要： Boron nitride (BN) is newly introduced as a non-metal electro-catalyst for the counter electrode of a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). By applying a conductive binder of sulfonated poly(thiophene-3-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy]-2,5-diyl) (s-PT), the BN/s-PT composite film was successfully wrapped around each carbon fiber (CF) in the flexible carbon cloth (CC) substrate via a low-cost drop-coating method. Each CF in CC provided a one-dimensional electron transfer core, and the wrapped BN/s-PT composite film functioned as the mesoporous electro-catalytic shell. Compared to pristine BN and pristine s-PT electrodes, the electrochemical and impedance performances of the BN/s-PT composite film were incredibly enhanced due to the synergetic effect of BN nanoparticle and s-PT binder; the former offered large active surface area and high intrinsic heterogeneous rate constant, the latter formed fast electron transfer matrices. With a proper BN weight percentage among BN/s-PT solutions, the best DSSC coupling with a BN/s-PT composite counter electrode exhibited a good cell efficiency (η) of 9.21% at 1 sun, showing a great potential to substitute the expensive platinum (8.11%). At the dim light environment (i.e., T5 fluorescent illumination), the DSSC reached attractive η’s of 21.02% (6000 lux), 19.52% (3000 lux), and 17.48% (1000 lux).
关键词： boron nitride,DSSC,dim light,sulfonated polythiophene,counter electrode
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Da??A Polymer with a Donor Backbone a?? Acceptora??sidea??chain Structure for Organic Solar Cells
摘要： We report the design, synthesis, and properties of a novel type of donor (D)-acceptor (A) polymer, poly(3-(([2,2':5',2''-terthiophen]-3-yl-5,5"-diyl)methylene)-1-(2-octyldodecyl)indolin-2-one) (PTIBT), with a donor backbone and acceptor side chains (Type II D-A polymer) as donor for organic solar cells (OSCs) as opposed to the conventional D-A polymers having both donor and acceptor units on backbone (Type I D-A polymers). PTIBT having a backbone consisting of thiophene donor units and side chains containing indolin-2-one acceptor units was synthesized very conveniently in three steps. This polymer has a high dielectric constant of 7.70, which is beneficial for the exciton diffusion and dissociation in the active blend layer in an OSC. In addition, PTIBT was found to have a low-lying HOMO energy level of -5.41 eV and a wide band gap of 1.80 eV in comparison to its counterpart Type I D-A polymer. In organic thin film transistors (OTFTs), PTIBT showed typical p-type semiconductor performance with hole mobilities of up to 1.81 × 10-2 cm2V-1s-1. When PTIBT and ITIC were used as donor and acceptor to form a blend active layer, the best OSC device showed a JSC of 15.19 mAcm-2, a VOC of 0.66 V, and a fill factor of 0.57, resulting in a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of up to 5.72%.
关键词： dielectric constant,novel D-A polymer donor,polythiophene,organic solar cells,nonfullerene acceptor
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Electrode buffer layers via networks of polythiophene/polyaniline bottlebrushes and carbon nanotubes in organic solar cells
摘要： A new p-type electrode buffer layer (EBL) material was developed by the networks composed of multi-walled CNTs (MWCNTs) and poly(3-thiophene ethanol) (P3ThEt)-g-polyaniline (PANI) bottlebrush copolymers. The nanocomposites of CNT:P3ThEt-g-PANI were prepared in three different thicknesses (5, 15, and 25 nm) and employed as hole transport layer (HTL) in poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT):phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) solar cells. A trade-off was detected between the sheet resistance and transmittance by elevating the HTL thickness for both pure CNT and CNT:P3ThEt-g-PANI nanocomposites. The CNT:P3ThEt-g-PANI thin films, in particular with an optimal thickness of 15 nm, were the turning points for equilibrating the film thickness, transmittance, surface roughness, and sheet resistance values. The smoothest thin films of CNT:P3ThEt-g-PANI with the thickness of 15 nm, the transmittance of 85–89%, and the sheet resistance of 5.6 × 104 Ω/sq reflected the best results of 12.85 mA/cm2, 60.7%, and 0.68 V. Hence, a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 5.30% was acquired among all solar cells fabricated in current work. After peaking at 15 nm, the second group of proper results was recognized in CNT:P3ThEt-g-PANI (25 nm)/P3HT:PC71BM photovoltaics (10.37 mA/cm2, 49.0%, and 0.62 V). The PCE of 3.15% for this system was even greater than the ideal performance (= 2.94%) detected in the pure CNT (15 nm)/P3HT:PC71BM solar cells.
关键词： Polyaniline,Electrode buffer layer,Carbon nanotubes,Organic solar cells,Polythiophene
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Effects of doping methods and dopant sizes on the performance of solar cells constructed with anchor-guided photoelectrochemical polymerization of thiophene
摘要： Solar cells constructed with well-ordered polythiophene (PT) or other p-conjugated polymer ?lms are known to yield better photovoltaic characteristics. We recently constructed a PT-based solar cell (PTSC) wherein the photoactive PT ?lm was grown photoelectrochemically along a dye anchor, 3-{5-[N,N-bis(4-diphenylamino)phenyl]thieno[3,2-b]thiophen-2-yl}-2-cyano-acrylic acid (C207) pre-adsorbed onto a compact TiO2 layer. In an effort to understand the effects of other important factors contributing to the PTSC performance, we compared ex-situ and in-situ doping of ordered PT ?lms with three different alkylammonium cations, tetrabutylammonium (TBA+), tetraethylammonium (TEA+), and tetramethylammonium (TMA+). The PT ?lms that have undergone such ex- and in-situ doping both show higher open-circuit voltage (Voc) and short-circuit current density (Jsc) than their pristine counterparts. The optimal conversion ef?ciency (h) of 7.53 ± 0.58% was achieved via in-situ PT doping with TMA+. The incident photon-to-electron conversion ef?ciency (IPCE), electrochemical impedance, and electron lifetime measurements all indicate that in-situ doping is less affected by the cation size and can lead to a higher doping level than the ex-situ doping method. The IPCE also bene?ts from the use of a thin TiO2 layer, as more light reaches the PT ?lm to generate photohole/electron pairs. With the combined use of a thin layer of TiO2 and an ordered PT ?lm containing a large number of dopant ions, the photohole/electron recombination is signi?cantly suppressed.
关键词： polythiophene solar cells,Charge transfer,Ex-situ doping,In-situ doping
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Effect of conductive polymers on the optical properties of electrospun polyacrylonitryle nanofibers filled by polypyrrole, polythiophene and polyaniline
摘要： The aim of the study was the production of composite nanofibers using the electrospinning methods from a PAN/DMF solutions with PANI, PPy and PT conducting polymers. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used in order to carry out an analysis of the morphology a of the resulting nanowires. In order to examine the chemical structure of the composite nanofibers, energy dispersive spectrometry (EDX) and Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used. The analysis of the optical properties and the energy band gap of the prepared nanowires was determined by spectral analysis using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Using the recorded absorbance spectra determined the banded refractive index n, real n' and imaginary k part of the refractive index as a function of the wavelength, complex dielectric constant ?, real and imaginary part ?r and ?i of the dielectric constant as a function of the wavelength of the obtained nanofibers. The obtained results, which were as follows: energy band gap of 3.77 – 4.08 eV, complex refractive index coefficient values of 1.61 – 2.98 and dielectric constant in the range of 2.58 – 8.87, suggest the possibility to applied of the produced nanomaterials in photovoltaic devices.
关键词： optical properties,polythiophene,polypyrrole,polyacrylonitryle,polyaniline,nanofibers
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Interaction of Graphene Quantum Dots with Oligothiophene: A Comprehensive Theoretical Study
摘要： Graphene/polythiophene composites are widely used in a variety of optoelectronic devices and applications, e.g., as electrode materials in capacitors and solar cells, but the detailed molecular-level relationship between their structural and electronic properties is not well understood. We present a density functional theory study of these composites using model systems consisting of graphene nanosheets and nanoribbons sandwiched between oligothiophenes (up to 13 monomers in length). These systems are investigated by computing optical band gaps, UV-vis spectra, densities of states, and by analyzing noncovalent interactions in terms of the reduced density gradient. Frontier molecular orbital analysis reveals a significant decrease in the optical band gap upon increasing the concentration of graphene, which can be tuned by adjusting the proportion of graphene using larger nanoribbons. This finding has implications for device design in these materials.
关键词： UV-vis Spectra,Composites,Optical Band Gap,Graphene,Noncovalent Interactions,Density Functional Theory,Polythiophene
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Synthesis of Functionalized Polythiophene as a Potenial Organic Semi-Conductor
摘要： The synthesis Poly[1,5-naphthyridine-(3-hexylthiophene)] (PN3HTh) semi-conducting polymer has been accomplished by adopting both conventional and microwave-assisted Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction between 3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diboronic ester and 2,6-dibromo-1,5-naphthyridine. The electrochemical and transport properties of PN3HTh were investigated both in the bulk as well as in thin film form. These properties can be further tuned by changing the solvent and the nature of the electrode used. Consequently, cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements were conducted using a potentiostat coupled with an electrochemical cell. The CV results of PN3HTh as a bulk form in H2SO4 solution indicated that the concentration of the polymer in the solution is not well defined because of polymer poor solubility in aqueous solutions. On the other hand, the sulfur group which works as electron donating makes the system more electron-rich. This can explain by the absence of the reduction peak. For the thin film, two single oxidation peaks were obtained at around 0 V and 0.3 V for both cases. Different solvents can tune the transport properties of the polymer as can be seen from the two CVs where BF3 exhibited enhanced transport properties over ACN. The synthesized polymers were characterized by modern spectroscopic methods including IR and NMR.
关键词： Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling,Cyclic Voltammetry,Electrochemical Properties,Organic Semiconductor,Polythiophene
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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[Polymers and Polymeric Composites: A Reference Series] Functional Polymers || Conducting Polymer Nanocomposites as Gas Sensors
摘要： The great concerns regarding environmental and living beings protection together with the widespread requirements for highly accurate process monitoring have highlighted the need for the development of new and sensitive sensors. Conducting polymers and their nanocomposites have been used widely as sensing materials owing to their special redox chemistry. The electrical properties can be controlled easily by doping and undoping processes resulting into the generation of conducting and nonconducting states, respectively. The electrical conductivity also depends on the type and amount of filler (nanosize filler in some cases) used which produces the positive or negative carriers responsible for the conduction. Any type of interaction of these polymers that affects the number and movement of charge carriers affects the conductivity and is the main principle behind the gas sensing characteristics. Advances in nanotechnology allows for the fabrication of various conducting polymer nanocomposites using different techniques. Conducting polymer nanocomposites have high surface area, small dimension, and show enhanced properties, making them suitable for various sensor devices. This chapter presents the different types of gas sensors based on the conducting polymer (polyaniline, polypyrrole, and polythiophene)-based nanocomposites, their progress, and future scope of ongoing research in this research area. The factors that affect the performance of the gas sensors and the chemistry of the sensing process are also addressed.
关键词： Conducting polymers,Undoping,Doping,Polythiophene,Environmental conditions,Polypyrrole,Surface area,Nanocomposites,Polyaniline,Gas sensors
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Reference Module in Chemistry, Molecular Sciences and Chemical Engineering || Polymer Electrodes: Preparation, Properties, and Applications☆
摘要： Good electric conductivity acquired through redox processes is the flagship property of polymers containing extended conjugated p-electron systems. It was discovered by Heeger and MacDiarmid in polyacetylene synthesized by Shirakawa’s method. Polyacetylene is chemically the simplest example amongst a vast collection of such materials, but it is environmentally unstable. Instead, polyheteroaromatics, such as polypyrrole and polythiophene, and polyaniline (polyphenylamine), as well as their derivatives, are of foremost interest because of applications in analytical sensors, power sources, separation devices, optoelectronic devices, and controllable platforms of chemical and biochemical reactions.
关键词： Preparation,Applications,Polythiophene,Polypyrrole,Properties,Polymer Electrodes,Conducting Polymers,Polyaniline
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Attachment of a 1,8-Naphthalimide Moiety to a Conjugated Polythiophene Efficiently Improves the Sensing Abilities of Naphthalimide-Based Materials
摘要： A novel polythiophene-based conjugated polymer bearing 1,8-naphthalimide-based pendants is prepared by a two-step modification of regioregular poly[3-(6-bromohexyl)thiophene] involving a nucleophilic substitution reaction of the bromide end-groups with sodium azide followed by a robust, copper-catalyzed Huisgen click reaction with a novel 1,8-naphthalinmide derivative containing an active, N-substituted propyne group. Both the polymer and the highly luminescent-active synthesized dye are extensively studied in solution by UV–vis spectroscopy, photoluminescence, NMR, light-scattering and isothermal titration calorimetry. The materials prepared are considered potential chemosensors for different transition metals, such as Fe2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, and Cd2+. Luminescence quenching shows that these materials have a higher sensitivity to Fe2+ than to the other metal ions tested. Moreover, the 1,8-naphthalimide-based conjugated polymer is more efficiently quenched by Fe2+ metal ions, at a significantly lower concentration and with a higher binding constant than its parent 1,8-naphthalimide derivative, thus indicating a high potential for sensor development.
关键词： Stern–Volmer constant,polythiophene,1,8-naphthalimide,photoluminescence quenching,conjugated polymers
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36