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High-performance amorphous BeZnO-alloy-based solar-blind ultraviolet photodetectors on rigid and flexible substrates
摘要： In this study, the bandgap of ternary alloy BeZnO was modulated to make the material applicable to solar-blind ultraviolet (UV) radiation detection. This was done by preparing amorphous films with high Be doping contents on rigid c-sapphire and flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyethylene naphthalene (PEN) substrates. After depositing a pair of parallel Al electrodes, amorphous BeZnO-alloy-based solar-blind UV photodetectors (PDs) with peak responsivity occurring at around 230 nm were constructed and their cut-off wavelengths are less than 284 nm. The PDs constructed on three substrates exhibit extremely low dark currents of 58.7 pA, 2.9 pA, and 1.8 pA, respectively. Time-dependent photoresponse cycling confirmed devices reproducible, and sensitive to solar-blind UV radiation. More importantly, the devices exhibited fast response speeds with rise times of approximately 40 ms and particularly fast recovery speeds with decay times of approximately 10 ms. Our research provides a method of constructing high-performance PDs on various substrates. And constructing amorphous solar-blind UV PDs on flexible substrate in this work is expected to be guiding significance to the design of PDs with deformability.
关键词： Amorphous BeZnO alloy,Fast recovery speed,Solar blind photodetectors,Flexible substrate,High Be content
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Effects of oil substrate supplementation on production of prodigiosin by Serratia nematodiphila for dye-sensitized solar cell
摘要： Bacterial pigments are potential substitute of chemical photosensitizer for dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) due to non-toxic and cost effective production from microbial fermentation. Serratia nematodiphila YO1 was isolated from waterfall in Malaysia and identified using 16S ribosomal RNA. Characterization of the red pigment produced by the bacteria has confirmed the pigment as prodigiosin. Prodigiosin was produced from the fermentation of the bacteria in the presence of different oil substrates. Palm oil exhibited the best performance of cell growth and equivalent prodigiosin yield compared to olive oil and peanut oil. Prodigiosin produced with palm oil supplementation was 93 mg/L compared to 7.8 mg/L produced without supplementation, which recorded 11.9 times improvement. Specific growth rate of the cells improved 1.4 times when palm oil was supplemented in the medium. The prodigiosin pigment produced showed comparable performance as a DSSC sensitizer by displaying an open circuit voltage of 336.1 mV and a maximum short circuit current of 0.098 mV/cm2. This study stands a novelty in proving that the production of prodigiosin is favourable in the presence of palm oil substrate with high saturated fat content, which has not been studied before. This is also among the first bacterial prodigiosin tested as photosensitizer for DSSC application.
关键词： Serratia nematodiphila,prodigiosin,bioreactor,oil substrate,Dye sensitized solar cell
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Harmonic Characterizations of Loaded Resonators for Waveguide Filters
摘要： A new method of controlling and predicting the harmonic responses, for spurious-free window improvement of millimeter-wave bandpass filters, with complete mathematical derivation, is presented in this paper. This method relies on loading a transmission line resonator with inverters, permitting the increase/ decrease of the harmonics-to-fundamental ratios, for predetermined inverter coupling values. It is a universal method based on circuit models and mathematical theories, independent of the fabrication implementation; only typical bandpass filter inverters are necessary. It does not affect or include the design of input/ output resonator ports, with materials and dimensions, introducing the least design complexity, cf. other earlier approaches. Resonators and bandpass filters using substrate integrated waveguide technology are designed, simulated, fabricated, measured and validated. The derived models, simulations and measured results are in good agreement. The control of the harmonic performance is demonstrated by comparing the measurements of two bandpass filters fabricated with-waveguides, in the millimeter-wave band 27.9 to 29.5 GHz. The inverter-loaded resonators, is analyzed versus a conventional iris filter operating with the TE10 mode. The comparisons of the simulations and measurements of the two filters demonstrate experimentally the possibility of the systematic control of the harmonics-to-fundamental ratios of the proposed theoretical analysis.
关键词： harmonic suppression,substrate integrated waveguide,Filters,higher-order modes,millimeter-wave,waveguide
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Integration of RF rectenna with thin film solar cell to power wearable electronics
摘要： This paper reports an integration of dual band microstrip antenna with thin film amorphous silicon solar cell which creates a wearable system to harvest microwave energy. The multiple layers in the encapsulation of the thin film solar cell are used as a substrate for microstrip antenna. The rectifier and matching circuit are designed on cotton jeans material and the whole system is mechanically supported by the foam of 5 mm thick. The performance of the antenna is studied for the mechanical bending condition. The device has maintained good power conversion efficiency. The efficiency of the voltage doubler is tested by varying radio frequency power levels from ?30 to10 dBm. The voltage doubler conversion efficiency at 1.85 and 2.45 GHz are 58 and 43%, respectively, for a load of 7.5 kΩ for an input power level of ?5 dBm.
关键词： solar cell,ring antenna,multi-layer,wearable,flexible substrate,Dual band
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Single-Layer Dual-Band Balanced Substrate- Integrated Waveguide Filtering Power Divider for 5G Millimeter-Wave Applications
摘要： A single-layer substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) filtering power divider (FPD) with fully differential operation at 28 and 39 GHz is proposed in this letter. This FPD consists of three SIW cavities where the differential and common modes of each cavity were properly designed to form three-pole dual passbands, facilitate deployment of isolation resistors, and introduce transmission zeros while attaining high in-band common-mode rejection. To improve the output return loss and isolation in dual bands, a novel and simple approach to find the proper location of isolation resistors is presented. At operating frequencies, the measured differential-mode input or output return loss, minimum insertion loss, isolation, and common-mode suppression are >14.1 dB, <(3 + 2.2) dB, >14.9 dB, and >30.3 dB, respectively. The amplitude and phase imbalances between outputs are <0.48 dB and <4.2?, respectively.
关键词： balanced,dual-band,isolation resistor,common-mode rejection,substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW),differential,single-layer,mixed-mode,filtering power divider (FPD),5G
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Using a nanosecond laser to pattern copper nanowire-based flexible electrodes: From simulation to practical application
摘要： Copper nanowire (Cu NW) electrodes have shown promise for use in next-generation transparent conducting films due to their high electrical conductivity, low-cost solution-based synthesis processes, and high transmittance properties. Recently, the use of lasers for the modification of nanostructures has received considerable attention. Despite the advantages of laser machining such as producing any shape in an accurate, time-saving, non-contact process, the laser patterning of Cu NW electrodes has not been extensively studied, particularly the heat effect of the laser irradiation process on the flexible substrate. In this report, we present experimental and computational results of a selective and direct patterning process by using nanosecond pulsed laser irradiation. The experimental and simulation results were used to optimize the laser ablation parameters for the patterning process of the ultra-long Cu NW transparent electrodes so as to not damage the flexible substrates. Finally, a bifunctional flexible smart-window was fabricated to demonstrate a practical application of the laser-patterned Cu NW electrodes.
关键词： Copper nanowires,Laser patterning,Flexible substrate,Nanosecond pulsed laser,Flexible smart-window
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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A Review: Crystal Growth for High-Performance All-inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： Recently, halide perovskites have become one of the most promising materials for solar cells owing to their outstanding photoelectric performance. Among them, metal halide all-inorganic perovskites (CsPbX3; where X denotes a halogen) show superior thermal and light stability. In particular, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells (pero-SCs) based on a CsPbX3 active layer has shown a steady increase from 2.7% to 19.03% with the improvement of the CsPbX3 crystal quality. In this review, we summarize methodologies that have been employed for controlling the growth of all-inorganic perovskite films so far, including precursor solution deposition, substrate modification, composition doping, and surface engineering. Furthermore, we discuss the effect of perovskite crystal characteristics on defects and perovskite film morphology, both of which are closely related to device performance. Finally, conclusions and perspectives are presented along with useful guidelines for developing all-inorganic pero-SCs with high PCE and robust stability.
关键词： light stability,halide perovskites,precursor solution deposition,all-inorganic perovskites,surface engineering,substrate modification,thermal stability,power conversion efficiency,CsPbX3,composition doping,solar cells,crystal growth
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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[IEEE 2019 4th International Conference on Electrical Information and Communication Technology (EICT) - Khulna, Bangladesh (2019.12.20-2019.12.22)] 2019 4th International Conference on Electrical Information and Communication Technology (EICT) - Effect of growth temperature on the structural and optical properties of CdS:O thin films for CdTe solar cells
摘要： Oxygenated Cadmium Sulfide (CdS:O) is used as a window layer for high-performance CdTe thin-film solar cells. In this work, the effect of growth temperature on the physical properties of (CdS:O) layer is reported. The CdS:O layer was synthesized on commercially available soda-lime glass (SLG) by using a reactive radio frequency (RF) sputtering in 1.5% oxygen (O2)/argon (Ar) ambient as a function of substrate temperature (25 °C to 300 °C). The structural and optical properties of the as-grown CdS:O thin films were carried out by X-ray diffraction and UV-VIS-Spectroscopy respectively. The XRD patterns revealed intriguing structural natures of the deposited films such as amorphous/semi-amorphous nature in the substrate temperature range 25 – 150 °C, then polycrystalline nature in the range 200 – 250 °C and again amorphous nature at 300 °C. The transmission spectra exhibited higher optical transmission in the visible wavelength which signifies the enhancement of photo generated current of CdTe solar cells. The bandgap of room temperature (RT) deposited CdS:O thin film for 1.5% O2/Ar was found to be increased 12.50% in comparison with CdS film deposited in pure Ar ambient. Besides, the bandgap of CdS:O films for 1.5% O2/Ar was decreased with the increase of the substrate temperature. Thus, it has been concluded that the CdS:O thin film deposited at RT found to be better for CdTe solar cell application.
关键词： optical bandgap,substrate temperature,CdTe,rf-sputtering,O2/Ar ratio,Crystallite size,CdS:O
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Design and analysis of a quad-band substrate-integrated-waveguide cavity backed slot antenna for 5G applications
摘要： A planar and compact substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity backed antenna and a 2 × 2 multi-input multi-output (MIMO) antenna are presented in this study. The proposed antenna is fed by a grounded coplanar waveguide (GCPW) to SIW type transition and planned to be used for millimeter-wave (mm-wave) fifth generation (5G) wireless communications that operates at 28, 38, 45, and 60 GHz frequency bands. Moreover, the measured impedance bandwidth (|S11| ≤ ? 10 dB) of the antenna covers 27.55 to 29.36, 37.41 to 38.5, 44.14 to 46.19, and 57.57 to 62.32 GHz bands and confirms the quad-band characteristic. Omni-directional radiation characteristics are observed in the far-field radiation pattern measurements of the antenna over the entire operating frequency. The reported antenna is compact in size (9.7 × 13.3 × 0.6 mm3) and the gain values at each resonance frequency are measured as 3.26, 3.28, 3.34, and 4.51 dBi, respectively. Furthermore, the MIMO antenna performance is evaluated in terms of isolation, envelope correlation coefficient and diversity gain.
关键词： fifth generation,grounded coplanar waveguide,quad-band,substrate integrated waveguide,cavity backed antenna
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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A Compact 24x 24 Channel MIMO FMCW Radar System Using a Substrate Integrated Waveguide-Based Reference Distribution Backplane
摘要： In this article a compact 120-GHz multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) imaging radar is presented. With a module size of only 25 cm, an angular resolution of less than 0.9? is obtained in elevation and azimuth direction using 24 transmitters and 24 receivers. The hardware is based on a SiGe:C MMIC technology and integrated into a modular frontend and backend structure. This article presents the overall hardware architecture of the RF-frontend, including a novel reference oscillator distribution concept and a connectorless board-to-board transition based on substrate integrated waveguides. A fully integrated backend is shown, and the entire radar system is evaluated experimentally and the imaging results are presented, demonstrating the large potential of the presented millimeter-wave 3-D imaging radar.
关键词： multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) radar,substrate integrated waveguides (SIWs),Millimeter-wave sensing
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01