- 标题
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Compact Scalable Modeling of Chipless RFID Tag Based on High-Impedance Surface
摘要： This paper proposes a compact model for chipless radio frequency identification (RFID) tag. This compact scalable model consists of capacitors, inductors, and resistors of which their values are directly described by the physical dimension of the chipless tag. Moreover, based on this compact model, radar cross section of chipless RFID tag is predicted, by analyzing polarizability based on surface current distribution in different modes. To validate the proposed model, a 5-bit chipless RFID tag based on high-impedance surface (HIS) is presented, with good agreement among modeled, simulated, and measured results. A wide range of physical parameters have also been validated to show the scalability. This compact scalable model of chipless RFID tag not only simplifies the tag design, but also provides an insight understanding of the HIS structure.
关键词： radar cross section (RCS),high-impedance surface (HIS),equivalent circuit modeling,Chipless radio frequency identification (RFID) tag,surface current distribution
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Four-PAM Modulation of Ambient FM Backscattering for Spectrally Efficient Low-Power Applications
摘要： Ambient backscatter uses radio frequency signals available in the environment (e.g., radio broadcasting, television, or mobile telephony) to transmit data effectively leading to significant energy and cost efficiency increase. This paper presents a novel wireless tag, which for the first time utilizes 4-pulse amplitude modulation technique to modulate the ambient backscattered FM signals in order to send data to a nearby low-cost software defined radio reader. The tag is based on an RF front-end that uses a single transistor controlled by an ultralow-power microcontroller. The microcontroller includes an analog-to-digital converter for sensing and a digital-to-analog converter for RF front-end control. A proof-of-concept prototype is demonstrated in an indoor environment with the low bit rate of 345 b/s and power consumption 27 μW. It operated using a real FM station at 34.5 km away and the tag-to-reader distance was tested at 1 m. The value of energy spent in this modulator was 78.2 nJ/bit at 345 b/s and 27.7 nJ/bit at 10.2 kb/s.
关键词： Internet-of-Things (IoT),backscatter communication,Ambient backscattering,software-defined radio (SDR),pulse amplitude modulation (PAM),FM modulation,radio frequency identification (RFID) sensors
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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An Optimization Method for the Synthesis of Flat-Top Radiation Patterns in the Near-and Far-Field Regions
摘要： The paper presents an optimization method for the design of array antennas with flat-top radiation patterns in the far-field and near-field regions, in which the synthesis of flat-top radiation patterns is formulated as a quadratically constrained quadratic programing (QCQP) problem with equality constraints. It is shown that the notoriously difficult QCQP problem can be linearized and simplified for the synthesis of flat-top radiation patterns in the far-field region, and can be extended to near-field region by introducing a weighted diagonal matrix. To validate the optimization theory, a flat-top sector beam antenna for base station applications and an RFID bookshelf reader antenna are designed and fabricated. Simulation and measurement results show that the base station antenna operating at 5.4 GHz provides a flat-top radiation pattern with less than 1 dB fluctuation in the desired covering range of the main beam. The five-element RFID reader antenna working in the UHF band for library applications is demonstrated to generate uniform electric field intensity with less than 3 dB fluctuation across the whole bookshelf.
关键词： Beam shaping,RFID reader antenna,quadratically constrained quadratic programming,flat-top sector beam antenna
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Research on and design of key circuits in RFID tag chip for container management
摘要： This paper introduces the design of semi-passive RFID tag chip capable of monitoring container safety. A system framework complying with requirements by ISO/IEC 18000-6C is firstly presented, and then differences from the key units of common passive chip, such as switch-state monitoring circuit, power management unit and anti-shake design in baseband processor, are elaborated. The main function of such a chip is to record the container opening frequency during transportation. Finally, the realizations of each unit’s function are simulated.
关键词： anti-shake design,tag chip,power management,switch-state monitoring,RFID,container management
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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[IEEE 2018 IEEE International Conference on RFID Technology & Application (RFID-TA) - Macau, Macao (2018.9.26-2018.9.28)] 2018 IEEE International Conference on RFID Technology & Application (RFID-TA) - A Flooding Warning System based on RFID Tag Array for Energy Facility
摘要： Passive radio-frequency identification (RFID) tags are widely used due to its economic cost and satisfactory performance. So far, passive RFID tags are mostly applied to such as underground pipe identify identification under buried conditions. However, there is lack of study on the application of buried tags for further application. In this paper, the performances of buried RFID tags are studied to develop a flooding warning system based on RFID tag array for energy facility such as power stations. In this study, the corresponding signal strength received by the RFID reader is evaluated when the RFID tags are buried by seven materials respectively. The results show that flood warning detector can be constructed using passive RFID tag array and reader.
关键词： RFID,buried,Passive RFID tags,RSSI,signal strength
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Enhancing the Per-Unit-Length Data Density in Near-Field Chipless-RFID Systems with Sequential Bit Reading
摘要： In this paper, a novel near-field chipless-RFID system with sequential bit reading is reported. The main novelty concerns the tags, implemented by means of straight half-wavelength resonators separated a small distance and forming a linear chain in the direction orthogonal to their axis. By this means, the number of resonant elements (or bits) per unit length of the tag is significantly increased, as compared to previous implementations, with the result of very competitive tags in terms of data density. The active part of the reader is a microstrip line loaded with a shunt stub. Through a proper design, it is possible to achieve a significant excursion of the transmission coefficient when the stub is either loaded or unloaded with a functional resonant element of the tag. Consequently, by tag motion over the reader (stub), it is possible to infer the ID code by simply injecting a harmonic signal to the input port of the stub-loaded line (the ID code is contained in the amplitude modulated, AM, signal at the output port). This system has been validated by considering 100-bit tags exhibiting a surface data density of 4.9 bits/cm2. However, the relevant parameter is the data density per unit length, as high as 16.7 bit/cm, i.e., much larger than previous values reported in the literature in similar chipless-RFID systems.
关键词： microstrip,half-wavelength resonator,secure paper,Chipless-RFID
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Low-Cost Compact Circularly Polarized Dual-Layer PIFA for Active RFID Reader
摘要： This communication presents a novel single-fed compact circularly polarized (CP) dual-layer planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA). The proposed antenna is composed of two stacked orthogonal-orientated PIFAs which can be fabricated by elaborately folding one piece of metal plate. And the two PIFAs can be excited synchronously with equally allocated power by a single probe, thus a pair of orthogonal polarizations is created. Moreover, the resonant lengths of the upper and lower PIFAs are slightly different from each other to acquire 90° phase shift between the two orthogonal polarizations. Consequently, a right hand circularly polarized radiation is achieved, and the boresight realized gain is 3.8 dBic at the center frequency. The proposed dual-layer PIFA with two quarter-wavelength resonators provides a novel solution for the compactness of CP antennas. To validate the performance of the antenna, a prototype was fabricated and measured. The measured -10 dB impedance bandwidth and 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth are 7.4% and 1.1%, respectively, with a compact antenna volume of 0.26 × 0.22 × 0.05 λ0 3. The proposed antenna is a good candidate for the 433 MHz CP active Radio Frequency Identification reader, and it has the merits of compact size, light weight, high efficiency and low-cost.
关键词： circularly polarized (CP),dual-layer,Radio Frequency Identification (RFID),planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA)
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Design and Implementation of a RFID Reader/Router in RFID-WSN Hybrid System
摘要： In order to put Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) in a hybrid system, this paper presents the design and implementation of a RFID reader/router that can obtain information of both RFID tags and WSN sensor nodes and transmit the information through the WSN to the PC server. The RFID reader and WSN router are combined with both hardware and software. In hardware structure, CC2530 is used as micro controller and RF module for ZigBee wireless communication, and MF RC522 is used as reader RF chip. The software deals with both identity and sensing information and controls the routing. Experiment results show that the RFID reader/router achieves long distance identification, flexibility, scalability, and low cost. It also provides reliable and secured data transmission and broadens the communication range and application scope of RFID readers.
关键词： long distance identification,CC2530,router,ZigBee coordinator,RFID reader,MF RC522
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Theory and Design of a Retrodirective Rat-Race-Based RFID Tag
摘要： Movement towards mm-wave backscatter communications in radio-frequency identification (RFID) systems necessitates seeking designs that compensate for the path loss introduced by the radio channel. A viable, simple, and power-efficient solution is to equip RFID tags with retrodirective arrays, which guarantee reflection with maximal gain in the direction of incidence. In this paper, we build upon a previous work to design and implement an original retrodirective tag in which its feeding network is a properly-terminated rat-race coupler. We start by deriving the required terminations that ensure retrodirectivity. Then, we build a retrodirective tag and experimentally compare its radar cross section to that of a single-antenna tag. The measurements reveal that the radar cross section of the proposed retrodirective tag is, on average, approximately 6 dB more than that of a single-antenna tag while both tags have the same field-of-view. From the promising results in this paper, the proposed design is a potential candidate for next-generation microwave and mm-wave RFID tags because it is compatible with low-power reflection amplifiers (e.g., tunnel diodes), it can implement multiple modulation schemes without changing the circuit layout, and it can be implemented using only a single RF switch.
关键词： multi-modulation RFID tags,Retrodirective arrays,rat-race coupler
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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[IEEE 2018 IEEE International Conference on Smart Internet of Things (SmartIoT) - Xi'an (2018.8.17-2018.8.19)] 2018 IEEE International Conference on Smart Internet of Things (SmartIoT) - Fast and Accurate Missing Tag Detection for Multi-category RFID Systems
摘要： This paper studies the practically important problem of missing tag detection for multi-category RFID systems, where tags are normally categorized into different categories according to types or brands of the associated items. Existing missing tag detection protocols make a common unrealistic assumption that all tags belong to a single category. Although performing an existing missing tag detection protocol separately on each category of tags seems workable, it will take a quite long execution time when tens of tag categories are involved. This paper proposes a Simultaneous Missing Tag Detection (SMTD) protocol, which can decode out multiple frame occupation vectors from one actual time frame. Each frame occupation vector can be used for detection of missing tags in the corresponding category. To guarantee the required detection accuracy on each category and also minimize the total detection time, we propose sufficient theoretical analysis to investigate the parameter settings. Different tag categories may have different tag population sizes or different requirements on detection accuracy, which results in that a pair of parameter settings may not fit all categories at the same time. Indiscriminately performing SMTD on all categories simultaneously may cause a long detection time instead. To address this issue, we propose a supplementary protocol called Category Clustering (CC) to cluster the tag categories that require similar parameter settings into one batch. Then, we perform SMTD protocol on each batch of categories sequentially. Extensive simulation results reveal that the proposed SMTD+CC protocol achieves 2.5 ～ 3.6× speedup than the state-of-the-art missing tag detection protocol in a large-scale RFID system.
关键词： RFID,Missing Tags,Detection,Multi-category
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46