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Coupling Rydberg Atoms to Microwave Fields in a Superconducting Coplanar Waveguide Resonator
摘要： Rydberg helium atoms traveling in pulsed supersonic beams have been coupled to microwave fields in a superconducting coplanar waveguide (CPW) resonator. The atoms were initially prepared in the 1s55s 3S1 Rydberg level by two-color two-photon laser excitation from the metastable 1s2s 3S1 level. Two-photon microwave transitions between the 1s55s 3S1 and 1s56s 3S1 levels were then driven by the 19.556 GHz third-harmonic microwave field in a quarter-wave CPW resonator. This superconducting microwave resonator was fabricated from niobium nitride on a silicon substrate and operated at temperatures between 3.65 and 4.30 K. The populations of the Rydberg levels in the experiments were determined by state-selective pulsed electric field ionization. The coherence of the atom-resonator coupling was studied by time-domain measurements of Rabi oscillations.
关键词： quantum electrodynamics,Rydberg atoms,microwave fields,superconducting coplanar waveguide resonator
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Pathways to excitation of atoms with bicircular laser pulses
摘要： We study the excitation of the hydrogen atom by bichromatic circularly polarized laser pulses using numerical solutions of the time-dependent Schr?dinger equation. The results are in agreement with the selection rules for multiphoton processes in such fields, namely, excited states are populated in which orbital angular momentum and magnetic quantum numbers are either both odd or both even, independent of the relative helicity, peak intensity, and pulse duration of the pulses. For co-rotating pulses the results show that excitation predominantly proceeds to states with magnetic quantum number of the same helicity as the laser pulses. Besides pathways via direct photon absorption from the ground state our results indicate that a transfer of population among the Rydberg states occurs via (cid:2)-type transitions. In the case of counter-rotating pulses the largest excitation probability is found for Rydberg states that differ in magnetic quantum number by (cid:3)m = ±3. This pattern allows us to estimate how many photons from each of the two bichromatic fields have been absorbed. Finally, we confirm that a population in Rydberg states beyond a maximum orbital angular quantum number is unlikely.
关键词： Rydberg states,hydrogen atom,bichromatic circularly polarized laser pulses,time-dependent Schr?dinger equation,multiphoton processes
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Interaction of Rydberg excitons in cuprous oxide with phonons and photons: optical linewidth and polariton effect
摘要： We demonstrate that the optical linewidth of Rydberg excitons in Cu2O can be completely explained by scattering with acoustical and optical phonons, whereby the dominant contributions stems from the non-polar optical 3G- and 5G- modes. The consequences for the observation of polariton effects are discussed. We find that an anti-crossing of photon and exciton dispersions exists only for states with main quantum numbers n > 28, so polariton effects do not play any role in the experiments reported up to now.
关键词： polaritons,phonon scattering,Rydberg excitons,cuprous oxide
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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The Oscillatory Photoelectron Signal of <i>N</i> -Methylmorpholine as a Test Case for the Algebraic-Diagrammatic Construction Method of Second Order
摘要： Motivated by recent progress in the application of time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (TRPES) to molecular Rydberg states, we report herein a detailed assessment of the performance of the second-order algebraic diagrammatic construction (ADC(2)) method in the simulation of their TRPES spectra. As the test case, we employ the tertiary aliphatic amine N -methylmorpholine (NMM), which is notable for the fact that the signal of its 3s state exhibits long-lived oscillations along the electron binding energy axis. The relaxation process of photoexcited NMM is simulated via the Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics method, and the resulting TRPES spectrum is generated basing on ionization energies and approximate Dyson orbital norms calculated with the continuum orbital technique. On the whole, the simulated TRPES spectrum achieves satisfactory agreement with experiment, which suggests that the ADC(2) method provides a realistic description of the potential energy surfaces of the relevant excited and ionized states. In particular, the simulations reproduce the ?ne oscillatory structure of the signal of the 3s state, and provide evidence to the e?ect that it results from a coherent vibrational wavepacket evolving along the deformation modes of the six-membered ring. However, it is found that ADC(2) underestimates of electron binding energies by up to a few tenths of an electronvolt. The case of NMM demonstrates the usefulness of ADC(2) as a tool to aid the interpretation of the TRPES spectra of large organic molecules.
关键词： Dyson orbital,TRPES,ADC(2),time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy,NMM,N-methylmorpholine,Rydberg states,Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics,continuum orbital technique,algebraic diagrammatic construction
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Four-Photon Adiabatic Excitation of Rydberg States
摘要： Propagation of four laser pulses in the five-level ladder system in the case of arbitrary intensities and the different strengths of oscillators is investigated, when one of the eigenstates of the interaction Hamiltonian is formed in the whole volume of the medium. Taking into account the first non-adiabatic correction, the equations of propagation are obtained. An analytical solution of these equations is obtained. The conditions for an effective excitation of the fifth level in the whole volume of medium and the limitations on the interaction parameters are obtained as well.
关键词： laser pulse,adiabatic excitation,Rydberg state
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Laser Trapping of Circular Rydberg Atoms
摘要： Rydberg atoms are remarkable tools for quantum simulation and computation. They are the focus of an intense experimental activity, mainly based on low-angular-momentum Rydberg states. Unfortunately, atomic motion and levels lifetime limit the experimental timescale to about 100 μs. Here, we demonstrate two-dimensional laser trapping of long-lived circular Rydberg states for up to 10 ms. Our method is very general and opens many opportunities for quantum technologies with Rydberg atoms. The 10 ms trapping time corresponds to thousands of interaction cycles in a circular-state-based quantum simulator. It is also promising for quantum metrology and quantum information with Rydberg atoms, by bringing atom-field interaction times into unprecedented regimes.
关键词： circular Rydberg states,quantum computation,Rydberg atoms,quantum simulation,laser trapping
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Dynamic quantum state holography
摘要： We present a pulse-shaper-based holographic technique for the time-resolved and phase-sensitive observation of ultrafast quantum dynamics. The technique combines bichromatic white light polarization pulse shaping with the tomographic reconstruction of photoelectron wave packets. The physical scheme is based on the interference of a probe wave packet from N + 1 resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization via the target states and a reference wave packet from M + 1 multiphoton ionization of the ground state. To create the wave packets, we employ carrier-envelope phase stable bichromatic (Mω:Nω) pump-probe pulse sequences. The scheme is demonstrated on femtosecond Rydberg wave-packet dynamics in potassium atoms using corotating circularly polarized (2ω:3ω) pulse sequences. The interference of continuum states with different angular momenta yields a crescent-shaped photoelectron wave packet rotating in the laser polarization plane due to the interplay of the optical phase and the accumulated quantum phase. Carrier-envelope phase control of the rotation provides access to the photoelectron asymmetry, enabling background-free detection of the crescent’s angular motion which maps the bound-electron dynamics.
关键词： photoelectron wave packets,ultrafast quantum dynamics,Rydberg wave-packet dynamics,dynamic quantum state holography,bichromatic white light polarization pulse shaping
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Controlled Phase Gate Protocol for Neutral Atoms via Off-Resonant Modulated Driving
摘要： Neutral-atom arrays serve as an ideal platform to study quantum simulation and quantum logic gates, where intense efforts have been devoted to improving the fidelity of two-qubit gates. We report our recent findings in constructing a different type of two-qubit controlled phase gate protocol with neutral atoms enabled by the Rydberg blockade, which aims at both robustness and high fidelity. It relies upon a modulated driving pulse with a specially tailored smooth waveform to gain appropriate phase accumulations for quantum gates. The major features include finishing a gate operation within a single pulse, not necessarily requiring individual site addressing, not being sensitive to the exact value of the blockade shift, and suppressing the population leakage error and rotation error. Building upon this progress, we further develop an upgrade in the form of dual-pulse off-resonant modulated driving with the major distinct feature of Doppler insensitivity, in order to address the challenge to the fidelity of two-qubit gates caused by residual thermal motion of the cold atoms. In principle, the gate fidelity remains reasonably high over a relatively significant velocity range of the qubit atoms. Moreover, we anticipate that this will inspire future improvements in gate protocols for other types of qubit platforms, and the strategies used here may find applications in the area of quantum optimal control.
关键词： Doppler insensitivity,controlled phase gate,quantum logic gates,neutral-atom arrays,Rydberg blockade,quantum simulation
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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[IEEE 2018 11th Global Symposium on Millimeter Waves (GSMM) - Boulder, CO, USA (2018.5.22-2018.5.24)] 2018 11th Global Symposium on Millimeter Waves (GSMM) - High-Resolution Antenna Near-Field Imaging and Sub-THz Measurements with a Small Atomic Vapor-Cell Sensing Element
摘要： Atomic sensing and measurement of millimeter-wave (mmW) and THz electric fields using quantum-optical EIT spectroscopy of Rydberg states in atomic vapors has garnered significant interest in recent years towards the development of atomic electric-field standards and sensor technologies. Here we describe recent work employing small atomic vapor cell sensing elements for near-field imaging of the radiation pattern of a Ku-band horn antenna at 13.49 GHz. We image fields at a spatial resolution of λ/10 and measure over a 72 to 240 V/m field range using off-resonance AC-Stark shifts of a Rydberg resonance. The same atomic sensing element is used to measure sub-THz electric fields at 255 GHz, an increase in mmW-frequency by more than one order of magnitude. The sub-THz field is measured over a continuous ±100 MHz frequency band using a near-resonant mmW atomic transition.
关键词： atom,microwave,electric field,metrology,quantum sensing,millimeter-wave,THz,antenna,mmW,Rydberg,terahertz,Atomic sensors,antenna characterization
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Determination of the first ionization energy of polonium by resonance ionization spectroscopy – Part II: Measurement of odd-parity Rydberg states at CERN–ISOLDE
摘要： Polonium (Po) is one of the rarest elements in Earth's crust. None of its isotopes are stable and sufficient amounts for systematic experimental studies of its most fundamental properties are only available by artificial production. At the radioactive ion beam facility ISOLDE at CERN, 208Po was produced by proton-induced spallation of uranium. Using the technique of in-source Resonance Ionization Spectroscopy the ionization threshold was probed with a tunable dye laser. A spectrum of 110 previously undocumented odd-parity Rydberg states was observed. Applying the Rydberg formalism to the data enabled the determination of the first ionization energy of polonium as 67896.310(14)(30) cm?1 or 8.4180700(18)(37) eV. This is a precision improvement of more than 600 over the existing literature value. A comparison with the homologous elements sulfur, selenium and tellurium enabled the assignment of the electron configuration of the resonances found in the spectrum.
关键词： Rydberg series,Polonium,Resonance ionization spectroscopy,Ionization potential,Ionization energy
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36