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Broad-Spectrum Tunable Photoluminescent Material Based on Cascade Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer between Three Fluorophores Encapsulated within the Self-Assembled Surfactant Systems
摘要： A broad spectrum tunable photoluminescent material with dual encryption based on a two-step Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) between Pyrene (Py), Coumarin480 (Cou480) and Rhodamine6G (R6G) in micelles of SDS and bmimDS is presented. The phenomenon is achievable due to the encapsulation of the fluorophores within these micelles. The transfer of energy as FRET between the pair Py and Cou480 showed ON at 336 nm and OFF at 402 nm in contrast to the FRET observed between the pair Cou480 and R6G that showed ON at 402nm and OFF at 336 nm. However, the transfer of energy as FRET occurs from Py to R6G in the presence of Cou480 when excited at 336 nm, thereby making it a chain of three fluorophores with Cou480 acting as a relay fluorophore receiving energy from Py and transferring it to R6G. The different FRET scenarios between the three fluorophores in micelles provide a window for the generation of a matrix of colors, which occupies a significant 2D area in the chromaticity diagram, having potential applications in security printing. The different fluorophoric ratios generate different colors based on their individual photonic emissions and the FRET processes taking place between them. Writing tests were carried out using varied ratios of the fluorophores in the micellar systems producing different colored outputs under the UV light with insignificant visibility under the white light. We envision that this as-discovered three fluorophoric FRET system could form the basis for the future development of multi-FRET light-harvesting devices and anti-counterfeiting security inks based on much simpler non-covalent interaction aided encapsulation of the fluorophores within the self-assembled soft systems.
关键词： micelles,security printing,Rhodamine6G (R6G),SDS,Pyrene (Py),Coumarin480 (Cou480),bmimDS,Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET),photoluminescent material
更新于2025-11-19 16:46:39
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Photo-rechargeable Organic-Inorganic Dye Integrated Polymeric Power Cell with Superior Performances and Durability
摘要： In present work, we propose a simple and unique approach to design a light-weight, low-cost, self-charging power cell with considerable capacity to generate and store photo-charges named as self-charged photo-power cell (SCPPC). Initially, highly electroactive sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) incorporated poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) composite thin films with a large dielectric constant ~ 525 are synthesized via simplistic solution casting process. Then as-prepared high dielectric SDS/PVDF thin film has been used as a charge storage medium in combination with a inorganic-organic dye film i.e. ZnO NPs-Eosin Y- polyvinyl pyrrolidone film as photoelectrons generator in our SCPPC. An open circuit voltage ~ 1.2 V is attained after charging SCPPC under illumination light with intensity ~110 mW /cm2 and then discharge fully with a constant current density ~ 4.5 mA/cm2. Specific areal capacitance ~ 450 F/m2 is obtained with a large energy and power density of ~ 90 mWh/m2 and 54 W/m2. The improved overall efficiency ~3.78 % along with 89 % storage efficiency leads to promising application possibilities of our rechargeable photo-power cell. The recyclability i.e. recharge-ability and storage durability of the photo-power cell are also checked for 35 days without no such reduction in voltage generation and storage. Also multi-coloured light emitting diodes have been lighten up using the photo-power cell as power source.
关键词： storage,PVDF,dielectric,self-charging,SDS
更新于2025-11-14 17:28:48
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Chemical use in the semiconductor manufacturing industry
摘要： Background: The semiconductor industry is known to use a number of chemicals, but little is known about the exact chemicals used due to the ingredients being kept as a trade secret. Objectives: The objective of this study was to analyze chemical use using a safety data sheet (SDS) and chemical inventory provided by a major semiconductor company, which operated two factories (A and B). Methods: Descriptive statistics were obtained on the number of chemical products and ingredients, photoresists, and carcinogens, classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), as well as trade secret ingredients. The total chemical use per year was estimated from chemical inventories mass (kg). Results: A total of 428 and 432 chemical products were used in factories A and B, respectively. The number of pure chemical ingredients, after removing both trade secret ingredients and multiple counting, was 189 and 157 in factories A and B, respectively. The number of products containing carcinogens, such as sulfuric acid, catechol, and naphthalene was 47/428 (A) and 28/432 (B). Chemicals used in photolithography were 21% (A) and 26% (B) of all chemical products, and more than 97% among them were chemicals containing trade secret ingredients. Conclusions: Each year, 4.3 and 8.3 tons of chemicals were used per person in factories A and B, respectively. Because of the high level of commercial secrecy and the use of many unregulated chemicals, more sustainable policies and methods should be implemented to address health and safety issues in the semiconductor industry.
关键词： SDS,trade secret ingredients,chemical,Semiconductor,photolithography
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Investigation of the post mortem zinc protoporphyrin IX fluorescence with respect to its protein-bound and unbound occurrence in aqueous meat extracts
摘要： Zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP) is known to accumulate in most meat products during storage. However, the pathway of its formation is not yet completely clarified. To gain more insights into the specificity of ZnPP occurrence, a SEC-HPLC-UV-fluorescence setup was established to screen the proteins in aqueous meat extracts for their ZnPP fluorescence during incubation. In accordance with previous studies it was identified by SDS-PAGE and MALDI-TOF-MS that ZnPP formation takes place in myoglobin. In this study, valuable new insights into the ZnPP forming pathway were gained, as our results indicated that a significant part of ZnPP - after being formed within the protein - is transitioned into free ZnPP during incubation. Additionally, the obtained results implied that ZnPP may also occur in proteins of higher molecular weight (>100 kDa).
关键词： SEC-HPLC,SDS-PAGE,post mortem chemistry,MALDI-TOF-MS,meat,fluorescence screening
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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The influence of He-Ne laser on agro-morphological criteria, ISSR marker and SDS-PAGE of Moringa oleifera
摘要： Background: Moringa oleifera L. (moringa) is a promising plant for nutritionally and medicinally uses. The influence of laser radiation on moringa seeds (dry and wetted) was investigated, using helium–neon (He–Ne) laser source at ? = 632.8 nm wavelength and 5 cm beam diameter for 25, 45, and 90 min. Agro-morphological criteria, SDS-PAGE protein banding patterns, and ISSR markers were investigated to elucidate the influence of He–Ne laser on moringa. Results: Most agro-morphological criteria increased especially with wetted seed group pre-laser treatments (25 min). SDS-PAGE and ISSR profiles showed changes which include the absence of some bands and the appearance of few novel bands. ISSR markers showed a change in band number in all investigated samples with a total number of 172 bands. The polymorphic bands were 91 bands with 19 unique bands. The average mean percentage of polymorphism was recorded 52.91% at samples treated with a laser at different times. Wetted seed treatment for 25 min recorded 40 bands as new bands. Genetic template stability (GTS) values were recorded in all treatments. The lowest GTS % was recorded 76.74 at 25 min (wetted seeds) while highest GTS % was recorded 83.72 at 25 min (dry seeds). According to the data of GTS, produced by laser treatment for 25 and 45 min for wetted and dry seeds, respectively, it is more effective on genome stability than other treatments. Conclusion: He–Ne laser treatments of wetted seeds achieve biostimulation in many aspects of agro-morphological criteria. ISSR analysis is a highly sensitive method for the detection of DNA alteration induced by laser treatments. The exposure of dry and wetted seeds to He–Ne laser at different times affected the genomic template stability percentage (GTS %). Also, the laser treatments have a great effect on gene expression by switching on or off some genes that may lead to the presence or absence of certain proteins, respectively.
关键词： SDS-PAGE,He–Ne laser,Agro-morphological criteria,Genomic template stability (GTS),Moringa oleifera,ISSR marker
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Effects of shape-controlling cationic and anionic surfactants on the morphology and surface resonance plasmon intensity of silver@copper bimetallic nanoparticles
摘要： Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) were used as a soft template to determine the morphology of silver@copper bimetallic nanoparticles. The subsequent addition of ascorbic acid to the Ag+, Cu2+ and surfactants solutions, leads to the formation of prefect transparent pale yellow color with in 5 min at ca. 409 nm. The visual observations and UV-visible spectra reveal that the color (pale yellow, dark brown, and wine red), surface resonance plasmon (SRP) intensity and shape of the spectra depends on the Ag+/Cu2+ molar ratio, [CTAB], and reaction time. Sub-, post- and dilution micellar effects are accountable to the fast and slow nucleation and growth processes. The morphology and SRP and rate constants for the formation of silver@copper decreases with increasing [CTAB]. The typical optical properties were dominated by the silver metal. The absence of SRP peaks at ca. 425 nm, 590 nm and 800 nm ruled out the possibility to the formation of AgNPs, CuNPs and CuO, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) also confirms the formation of silver@copper nanoparticles. The pseudo-first order rate constants, activation energy, enthalpy of activation and entropy of activation were calculated and discussed for the degradation of methyl orange. The mole fraction of XAg = 0.50 and XCu = 0.499 were calculated in silver@copper.
关键词： silver@copper,Nanoparticles,Mole fraction,SDS,CTAB
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36