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Effects of TiO2 on the performance of silver coated on side-polished optical fiber for alcohol sensing applications
摘要： This work reports the experimental and numerical investigations on the effect of titanium oxide (TiO2) integrated on the optical fiber silver (Ag) surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors. In this paper, the numerical simulation is also analyzed using the finite element method (FEM) which shows good agreement. Results are compared with the experimental findings, focusing on the SPR phenomena for refractive index sensing using side-polished optical fiber, where the characteristics of the Ag layer with the integration of TiO2 are optimized. The essential parameters include the thickness of Ag namely 20 nm, 30 nm and 40 nm for optimization studies of SPR properties. TiO2 was then coated on the Ag thin layer to sense isopropanol at different concentration. It is shown that the combination of a 30 nm thickness of Ag layer with a dielectric TiO2 improves sensor performance in terms of sensitivity reading of 268 nm/RIU with a detection limit of 0.012. The main interest is to develop the device with cost effective, ease fabrication and less cumbersome of sensors using TiO2 which one of an alternative material to defeat the oxidation process and avoid charge recombination. If the sensitivity increases at a higher wavelength, it indicates that the TiO2 holds great potential in photonic applications.
关键词： Fiber Optic Alcohol Sensor,Surface plasmon resonance (SPR),Finite element method (FEM)
更新于2025-11-28 14:23:57
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The effect of the TiO2 film on the performance of the optical fiber SPR sensor
摘要： We studied the effect of the Titanium Oxide (TiO2) film on the performance of the optical fiber SPR with two kinds of probes. The light guiding properties and sensing performance of the D-type optical fiber SPR sensor coated with TiO2 was studied numerically by finite element method (FEM) and the sensing performance of the multimode-single mode-multimode (MSM) hetero-core optical fiber SPR sensor coated with TiO2 was investigated experimentally. The simulation and experimental results for two kinds of probes consistently show that the absence of TiO2 film layer on the gold film can enhance the refractive index sensitivity and tune the resonance curve of the sensor from visible light to near-infrared.
关键词： Hetero-core structure,D-typed structure,Surface plasmon resonance,Finite element method,TiO2 film
更新于2025-11-28 14:23:57
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Young’s Modulus Measurement of Metal Wires Using FBG Sensor
摘要： A novel Young’s modulus measurement scheme based on fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) is proposed and demonstrated experimentally. In our method, a universal formula relating the Bragg wavelength shift to Young’s modulus is derived and metal wires are loaded strain by using the static stretching method. The Young’s modulus of copper wires, aluminum wires, nickel wires, and tungsten wires are separately measured. Experimental results show that the FBG sensor exhibits high measurement accuracy, and the measurement errors relative to the nominal value is less than 1.0%. The feasibility of the FBG test method is confirmed by comparing it with the traditional charge coupled device (CCD) imaging method. The proposed method could find the potential application in the material selection, especially in the field that the size of metal wires is very small and the strain gauges cannot be qualified.
关键词： Young’s modulus,static stretching method,metal wire,Fiber Bragg grating
更新于2025-11-28 14:23:57
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Fluorescence spectra of colloidal self-assembled CdSe nano-wire on substrate of porous Al <sub/>2</sub> O <sub/>3</sub> /Au nanoparticles
摘要： We present a self-assembly method to prepare array nano-wires of colloidal CdSe quantum dots on a substrate of porous Al2O3 film modified by gold nanoparticles. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra of nanowires are in situ measured by using a scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM) probe tip with 100-nm aperture on the scanning near-field optical microscope. The results show that the binding sites from the edge of porous Al2O3 nanopores are combined with the carboxyl of CdSe quantum dots’ surface to form an array of CdSe nanowires in the process of losing background solvent because of the gold nanoparticles filling the nano-holes of porous Al2O3 film. Compared with the area of non-self-assembled nano-wire, the fluorescence on the Al2O3/Au/CdSe interface is significantly enhanced in the self-assembly nano-wire regions due to the electron transfer conductor effect of the gold nanoparticles’ surface. In addition, its full width at half maximum (FWHM) is also obviously widened. The method of enhancing fluorescence and energy transfer can widely be applied to photodetector, photocatalysis, optical display, optical sensing, and biomedical imaging, and so on.
关键词： porous Al2O3 film,colloidal self-assembled method,CdSe nano-wire,enhanced photoluminescence
更新于2025-11-25 10:30:42
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Src Kinase Controls Signaling Pathways In Sensory Neuron Triggered By Low-Power Infrared Radiation
摘要： Low-power (non-thermal) infrared (IR) radiation with the wavelength of 10.6 μm activates the Na,K-ATPase transducer function in sensory neurons, which is manifested in decrease of NaV1.8 channel voltage sensitivity at the cellular membrane level and in inhibition of growth of chick embryo dorsal root ganglia neurites at the tissue level. It is shown that the effect of low-power IR radiation is totally blocked by a specific Src kinase inhibitor PP2. Upon irradiation on the background of PP2, the effective charge of NaV1.8 channel activation gating system does not differ from its control value in patch-clamp experiments, and the area index of sensory ganglia neurites growth remains unchanged as compared to the control in organotypic tissue culture. The data obtained demonstrate that Src kinase is involved in intracellular signaling pathways triggered by CO2 laser low-power IR radiation by the transducer-activated mechanism. This is the first indication that in primary sensory neuron the signals of low-power IR radiation are sensed, amplified and transduced by the Na,K-ATPase/Src complex and not by G proteins.
关键词： Src kinase,infrared radiation,Na,K-ATPase,organotypic nerve tissue culture,NaV1.8 channels,sensory neuron,patch-clamp method
更新于2025-11-21 11:24:58
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Green Preparation of Fluorescent Carbon Quantum Dots from Cyanobacteria for Biological Imaging
摘要： Biomass-based carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have become a significant carbon materials by their virtues of being cost-effective, easy to fabricate and low in environmental impact. However, there are few reports regarding using cyanobacteria as a carbon source for the synthesis of fluorescent CQDs. In this study, the low-cost biomass of cyanobacteria was used as the sole carbon source to synthesize water-soluble CQDs by a simple hydrothermal method. The synthesized CQDs were mono-dispersed with an average diameter of 2.48 nm and exhibited excitation-dependent emission performance with a quantum yield of 9.24%. Furthermore, the cyanobacteria-derived CQDs had almost no photobleaching under long-time UV irradiation, and exhibited high photostability in the solutions with a wide range of pH and salinity. Since no chemical reagent was involved in the synthesis of CQDs, the as-prepared CQDs were confirmed to have low cytotoxicity for PC12 cells even at a high concentration. Additionally, the CQDs could be efficiently taken up by cells to illuminate the whole cell and create a clear distinction between cytoplasm and nucleus. The combined advantages of green synthesis, cost-effectiveness and low cytotoxicity make synthesized CQDs a significant carbon source and broaden the application of cyanobacteria and provide an economical route to fabricate CQDs on a large scale.
关键词： bioimaging,cyanobacteria,carbon quantum dots,hydrothermal method
更新于2025-11-21 11:08:12
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Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Quasi-Pyramidal CuInS <sub/>2</sub> -ZnS Nanocrystals for Enhanced Near-Infrared Targeted Fluorescent Imaging of Subcutaneous Melanoma
摘要： Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent CuInS2–ZnS nanocrystals (CIZS NCs) are synthesized via an ultra-fast, non-injection microwave (MW)-assisted nanoalloying process at 230 oC within 5 min using 1-dodecanethiol (DDT) as both the sulfur source and solvent under solvothermal (ST) condition. The structural and surface analyses reveal that DDT-functionalized CIZS NCs exhibit quasi-pyramids of tetragonal-phase with well-defined facets. The DDT-functionalized CIZS NCs present a photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 76% and a long-lived fluorescence lifetime of ≈0.6 μs in organic-phase. Subsequently, DDT-functionalized CIZS NCs are phase-transferred via ligand-exchange using 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA) into water-soluble MUA–CIZS NCs that exhibit a substantial PLQY of 55%. In addition, the NIR-fluorescent MUA-functionalized CIZS NCs in conjugation with folic acid (FA), as a tumor-targeting ligand, demonstrates enhanced tumor-targeted imaging ability. The FA–MUA–CIZS NC conjugates exhibit a cell viability of ≈75% even at the highest concentration of 1 mg mL–1 and a labeling efficiency of 95.4%. The in vivo imaging results corroborate that FA–MUA–CIZS NCs conjugates are actively targeted to folate receptor-positive B16F10 tumor-bearing C57BL/6 mice in 2 h. The histopathological and hematological studies confirm no significant changes in tissue architecture and blood biochemical parameters. The confocal microscopy studies reveal deep penetration and uniform distribution of FA–MUA–CIZS NCs conjugates in subcutaneous melanoma.
关键词： CuInS2–ZnS nanocrystals,nano-bioprobe,nanoalloying approach,targeted bioimaging,microwave-solvothermal method
更新于2025-11-21 11:08:12
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Architectural Design of Photodetector Based on 2D (MoS <sub/>2</sub> ?Nanosheets)/1D (WS <sub/>2</sub> ?Nanorods) Heterostructure Synthesized by Facile Hydrothermal Method
摘要： Hydrothermal technique is utilized to synthesize 2D/1D heterostructure based on MoS2 (nanosheets)/WS2 (nanorods) for photodetector application. The sensor was fabricated by drop cast technique. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infra-red (FTIR) Spectroscopy, Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), UV-Visible (Uv-Vis), Raman and X-Ray Photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were performed to characterize the synthesized sample. The optical sensor based on heterostructure was studied as a function of laser wavelength (λex): 635 nm (red), 785 nm (infra-red) and 1064 nm (near infra-red) and power of illuminated laser sources. The device exhibits photoresponsivity in a broadband range from the visible to the near-infrared (600–1065 nm, yield a photoresponsivity (Rp) = 15 μA/W and high speci?c detectivity (D?) = 24 × 106 jones at λex = 785 nm). The photoresponsive characteristics of MoS2/WS2 heterostructure hold the principle of simple power law.
关键词： MoS2 nanosheets,photodetector,hydrothermal method,WS2 nanorods,2D/1D heterostructure
更新于2025-11-21 11:01:37
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Sol-gel processed vanadium oxide as efficient hole injection layer in visible and ultraviolet organic light-emitting diodes
摘要： Low-cost, high-throughput and scalable production currently boosts organic electronic device towards solution processing. Sol-gel processed aqueous vanadium oxide (h-VOx) is facilely synthesized and proven to be efficient hole injection layer (HIL) in visible and ultraviolet organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Atomic force microscopy and X-ray/ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy measurements indicate that h-VOx behaves superior film morphology and exceptional electronic properties such as oxygen vacancy dominated non-stoichiometry and appropriate surface work function. With tris(8-hydroxy-quinolinato)aluminium as emitter, the visible OLED gives maximum luminous and power efficiencies of 6.3 cd/A and 3.2 lm/W, respectively, which are slightly superior to the counterpart with vacuum thermally-evaporated VOx (5.6 cd/A and 2.7 lm/W). With 3-(4-biphenyl)-4-phenyl-5-tert-butylphenyl-1,2,4-triazole as emitter, the ultraviolet OLED produces attractive short-wavelength emission of 379 nm with full width at half maximum of 40 nm and improved durability. The maximum radiance and external quantum efficiency reach 15.3 mW/cm2 and 2.92%, respectively, which are considerably enhanced in comparison with the corresponding reference (11.9 mW/cm2 and 2.32%). Current versus voltage characteristics and impedance spectroscopy analysis elucidate that h-VOx exhibits robust hole injection and accordingly high-performance OLEDs. Our results pave an alternative way for advancing organic electronic devices and VOx applications with solution process.
关键词： Organic light-emitting diode,Hole injection,Solution process,Vanadium oxide,Sol-gel method
更新于2025-11-20 15:33:11
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Self-generating CeVO4 as conductive channel within CeO2/CeVO4/V2O5 to induce Z-scheme-charge-transfer driven photocatalytic degradation coupled with hydrogen production
摘要： The construction of highly efficient Z-scheme photocatalytic system is regarded as a hot research topic in the fields of environmental remediation and renewable energy production. In this work, a novel Z-scheme CeO2/CeVO4/V2O5 photocatalyst is successfully prepared by using solid phase reaction method. The photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutant (Methylene Blue) with simultaneous hydrogen production is efficiently realized over the prepared Z-scheme CeO2/CeVO4/V2O5 photocatalysts under visible-light irradiation. The effects of treatment temperatures and treatment times of CeO2/V2O5 composite on the photocatalytic performance of Z-scheme CeO2/CeVO4/V2O5 photocatalyst are studied. The as-prepared Z-scheme CeO2/CeVO4/V2O5 (550-3) photocatalyst heat-treated at 550 °C for 3.0 h exhibits the highest photocatalytic performance. It can be ascribed to a moderate amount of CeVO4 nanoparticles generated between CeO2 and V2O5. The generated CeVO4 nanoparticles can be used as effective conductive channel to transfer the photo-generated carriers. At the same time, as redox reaction centers it can further accelerate the transfer of photo-generated electrons, effectively enhancing the separation efficiency of photo-generated electron and hole pairs. Furthermore, cyclic test demonstrates that the as-prepared Z-scheme CeO2/CeVO4/V2O5 (550-3) photocatalyst still maintains a high level of photocatalytic activity within five periods under the same conditions. Moreover, the related photocatalytic mechanism for degradation of organic pollutants with simultaneous hydrogen evolution over the Z-scheme CeO2/CeVO4/V2O5 (550-3) photocatalyst is proposed. Perhaps, this study affords a simple and novel method to design and develop next generation of highly efficient Z-scheme photocatalysts.
关键词： Conductive channel,Z-scheme CeO2/CeVO4/V2O5 photocatalyst,Solid phase reaction method,Simultaneous hydrogen evolution,Visible-light photocatalytic degradation
更新于2025-11-19 16:51:07