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Detection of cleaning interventions on photovoltaic modules with machine learning
摘要： Soiling losses are a major concern for remote power systems that rely on photovoltaic energy. Power loss analysis is efficient for the monitoring of large power plants and for developing an optimal cleaning schedule, but it is not adapted for remote monitoring of standalone photovoltaic systems that are used in rural and poor regions. Indeed, this technique relies on a costly and dirt sensitive irradiance sensor. This paper investigates the possibility of a low-cost monitoring of cleaning interventions on photovoltaic modules during daytime. We believe that it can be helpful to know whether the soiling is regularly removed or not, and to decide if it is necessary to carry out additional cleaning operations. The problem is formulated as a classification task to automatically identify the occurrence of a cleaning intervention using a time window of temperature, voltage and current measurements of a photovoltaic array. We investigate machine learning tools based on Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machines, Artificial Neural Networks and Random Forest to achieve such classification task. In addition, we study the influence of the temporal resolution of the signals and the feature extraction on the classification performance. The experiments are conducted on a real dataset and show promising results with classification accuracy of up to 95%. Based on the results, three implementation strategies addressing different practical needs are proposed. The results may be particularly useful for non-governmental organizations, governments and energy service companies to improve the maintenance level of their photovoltaic facilities.
关键词： Detection,Machine learning,Photovoltaics,Maintenance,Monitoring,Soiling
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Soiling of Photovoltaic Modules: Comparing between Two Distinct Locations within the Framework of Developing the Photovoltaic Soiling Index (PVSI)
摘要： This article evaluates the impact of dust accumulation on the performance of photovoltaic (PV) modules in two different locations inside Egypt, Cairo and Beni-Suef. Two identical PV modules were used for that purpose, where each module was exposed to the outdoor environment in order to collect dust naturally for a period of three weeks, each in its corresponding location. The approximate dust density on each of the two PV modules was estimated. Moreover, the electrical performance was evaluated and compared under the same indoor testing conditions. The results show a better electrical performance and less dust density for the PV module located in Cairo compared to that located in Beni-Suef. The results further provide an indication for the impact of soling in different locations within the same country through a clear and simple procedure. In addition, it paves the way for establishing a Photovoltaic Soiling Index (PVSI) in terms of a Photovoltaic Dust Coefficient, as well as a Photovoltaic Dust Interactive Map. The product of such concepts could be used by the Photovoltaic systems designers everywhere in order to estimate the impact of dust on the future performance of PV modules in small and large installations in different regions around the globe, and during different times of the year as well.
关键词： photovoltaic dust coefficient,photovoltaic interactive dust map,photovoltaic soiling index (PVSI),dust accumulation,soiling,photovoltaic (PV)
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Using Linear Regression and Back Propagation Neural Networks to Predict Performance of Soiled PV Modules
摘要： This paper presents a study on neural network-based modeling techniques and sensor data to estimate the power output of photovoltaic systems under soiling conditions. Predicting maximum power output under soiling conditions is considered an important and difficult problem and a variety of models using a host of factors including temperature and weather profiles have been proposed. This study used linear regression models and artificial neural networks and used only solar irradiation and ambient temperature, as well and the maximum power point (MPP) characteristic variables of photovoltaic (PV) modules obtained from online current-voltage (IV) tracers in the site of a PV installation. The two models were trained and validated using actual monitoring data of two 100-Watt PV modules installed in the UAE. One reference panel was cleaned on a weekly basis and the second panel was left to accumulate dust over the entire period between July 1, 2018 and 17 September, 2018. The results show that it is possible to predict maximum power output of soiled PV modules at about 97% accuracy. The proposed models perform at an accuracy comparable to more complex models in literature.
关键词： Neural Networks,PV,Soiling
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Experimental investigation of the soiling effect on the performance of monocrystalline photovoltaic systems
摘要： Due to the high solar irradiation records, desert regions are the most suitable for hosting photovoltaic power plants [1]. Nevertheless, these regions are characterized by the presence of dust and aerosols that can be deposited on the surface of the panels causing a considerable drop on the plants efficiency, thus, the power production. The objective of this study is to measure and understand the soiling’s effect on the performances of a 16.56 kWc monocrystalline grid connected PV system, after six months of exposition without cleaning at Green Energy Park research facility [2]. This facility is located in the mid-south of Morocco and characterized by a semi-arid climate. Besides, chemical analysis of the dust composition has been conducted to have an idea on the aerosols origin emission source. Results shown, that the cumulative power drop of the soiled string after six months was around 124 kWh. The daily power drop, in average, is of 2.7kWh/day during the dry period and of 0.07kWh/day during the rainy period. This is linked to a daily soiling rate of 0.32%/day and 0.02%/day during the dry and the rainy periods respectively. Regarding the dust chemical-analysis, the XRD results highlight the presence of silicon, alumina, calcium, iron, which are may be coming from a construction site close by. Besides, potassium, magnesium and phosphorus that may be coming from a phosphate mine in the area of our field of study.
关键词： dust effect,Photovoltaic,energy drop and performance ratio.,soiling ratio
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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[IEEE 2019 International Conference on Clean Electrical Power (ICCEP) - Otranto, Italy (2019.7.2-2019.7.4)] 2019 International Conference on Clean Electrical Power (ICCEP) - Application of Dust Mitigation Strategies to Single-Axis-Tracking Photovoltaic Modules in the Semi-Arid Areas of South Africa
摘要： This paper provides field generated data for single-axis-tracker (SAT) photo voltaic (PV) modules subjected to the semi-arid Northern Cape environment of South Africa. The research objectives are the investigation of the effects of dust soiling on PV module performance and the application of experimental dust mitigation methods. This includes the use of a hydrophobic anti-soiling coating and also the execution of a self-cleaning manoeuvre by the SAT systems. Two SAT systems were deployed to serve as experimental platform, from which data was obtained for a three month period (97 days). Raw data validation is established with comprehensive weather monitoring (ambient temperature, wind speed, wind direction, rainfall, pressure, and humidity), irradiance and PV module back sheet temperatures recorded, in accordance with the IEC61724 standard. An intelligent device was used to extract Current-Voltage (I-V) curves from individual PV modules. Maximum PV module power output is derived from the measured I-V curves, validated with a single-diode curve fitting routine. The comparative study between the different PV modules is done with a performance ratio (PR), defined as the temperature and irradiance corrected performance factor of a PV module. Contrary to the initial hypothesis, results indicated that the hydrophobic coating actually promoted dust soiling. The applied self-cleaning capability of the SAT system did not yield any conclusive results as a dust mitigation method. Finally, interesting in-field observations are discussed.
关键词： photovoltaic modules,self-cleaning,hydrophobic coating,performance ratio,dust soiling
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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[IEEE 2018 IEEE 7th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion (WCPEC) (A Joint Conference of 45th IEEE PVSC, 28th PVSEC & 34th EU PVSEC) - Waikoloa Village, HI, USA (2018.6.10-2018.6.15)] 2018 IEEE 7th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion (WCPEC) (A Joint Conference of 45th IEEE PVSC, 28th PVSEC & 34th EU PVSEC) - Fundamental Characterization of Anti-Soiling Coatings for PV Glass: Application of Small-Angle X-ray Scattering
摘要： When dust and other particulates accumulate on the surface of solar modules, the efficiency of these soiled modules is significantly reduced. Soiling is especially problematic in regions with little rain, where water resources for cleaning modules are scarce. To combat this issue, anti-soiling coatings, on the top-surface of solar modules, are beginning to enter the market. However, limited understanding of anti-soiling mechanisms and uncertainty in their durability has limited their deployment. Porous coatings are anticipated to discourage soiling because their rough surfaces reduce the strength and probability of dirt-to-coating bonds. However, the evolution of this morphology through soiling cycles is largely unknown. Here we present the use of small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) to monitor the morphology of pristine and soiled, industry-sourced coatings. Initial soiling tests are performed using a standardized soil (AZ road dust) in the lab. This work demonstrates the effectiveness of SAXS in monitoring coating morphology despite the presence of soil surface layers. The capability of SAXS studies to be performed under various temperature, humidity, and soiling conditions sets it apart as a strong characterization tool for developing the understanding of functionality and degradation mechanisms of anti-soiling coatings for PV glass.
关键词： soiling,anti-soiling,materials forensics,small-angle X-ray scattering,anti-reflection,PV glass,coatings,self-cleaning
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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AIP Conference Proceedings [Author(s) SolarPACES 2017: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems - Santiago, Chile (26–29 September 2017)] - The design of dust barriers to reduce collector mirror soiling in CSP plants
摘要： In this work we investigate, design, and evaluate a number of dust barrier designs that would be appropriate to reduce soiling of glass mirror solar collectors in the solar field of an existing CSP plant. The principal objective was to reduce the amount of soiling (and hence the amount of cleaning water consumed) by 50% in comparison with current cleaning procedures (considering particles of size >25μm). “Fluent” CFD software was used to model of a range of potential dust barrier shapes, sizes, and porosities. Airflows and wind loadings were analyzed in this way. A number of potential designs were then taken forward for experimental validation. Initial validation involved wind tunnel evaluation of a small number of potential designs, using a new wind tunnel specifically designed and built for this project. Larger-scale outdoor validation was carried out both at Cranfield University in the UK and at CIEMAT-PSA (Plataforma Solar de Almeria) in Spain. Initial results were independent of location and barrier shape and showed that the percentage of particles that were stopped completely or travelled less than 1m beyond the barrier was in the range 45.8 ± 5%.
关键词： soiling,dust barriers,CSP plants,wind tunnel testing,CFD modelling
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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[IEEE 2018 IEEE 7th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion (WCPEC) (A Joint Conference of 45th IEEE PVSC, 28th PVSEC & 34th EU PVSEC) - Waikoloa Village, HI, USA (2018.6.10-2018.6.15)] 2018 IEEE 7th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion (WCPEC) (A Joint Conference of 45th IEEE PVSC, 28th PVSEC & 34th EU PVSEC) - Testing of an Anti-Soiling Coating for PV Module Cover Glass
摘要： Soiling of solar module cover glass can significantly reduce the module power output. Coatings can be applied to the cover glass surface to reduce adhesion and make the surfaces easier to clean. These coatings should be resilient and resistant to environmental damage. A hydrophobic anti-soiling coating was exposed to a variety of environmental and abrasion stress tests. The hydrophobic performance of the coating was measured by monitoring the water contact angle and the water roll off angle after exposure to a range of environmental and mechanical stress tests. The coating was shown to be highly resistant to damp heat and thermal cycling. However, it was degraded by UV exposure and damaged during abrasion tests. The coating was also exposed to outdoor testing to compare the laboratory results with real performance degradation.
关键词： coating degradation,water contact angle,anti-soiling coating,hydrophobic coating
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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AIP Conference Proceedings [Author(s) SolarPACES 2017: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems - Santiago, Chile (26–29 September 2017)] - Hydrophilic anti-soiling coating for improved efficiency of solar reflectors
摘要： The reflector is the first key component in the energy conversion process of concentrating solar technologies as any solar radiation that is not reflected by the mirror in the direction of the receiver is lost to the system. Due to the outdoor exposure, solar reflectors are subjected to constant soiling deposition (including dust, sand and/or dirtiness), which severely decreases the output power of the solar concentrating collectors, as it reduces the amount of radiation that can be reflected towards the receiver (associated to the absorption and scattering effects of light). Most of the Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) plants are installed in regions of high Direct Normal Irradiance (DNI) with arid and semi-arid climate, involving the existence of an important amount of dust and sand in the ambient. Collector cleanliness represents one of the most costly expenses of the solar-plant operation and maintenance (O&M). Consequently, minimizing this cost is an important issue for the solar-plant economic feasibility. Anti-soiling coatings deposited on the surface of silvered-glass reflectors are a powerful tool that can help in repelling all sort of dust, sand and particles. This technological solution presents the following benefits: (i) the maintenance cost is driven down by reducing washing times, (ii) the water consumption is drastically diminished and (iii) the efficiency is increased since the average reflectance of the solar field remains higher. This work presents the behavior of a new anti-soiling coating with improved durability and high efficiency.
关键词： durability,anti-soiling coating,solar reflectors,efficiency,hydrophilic
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14