- 标题
- 摘要
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- 实验方案
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The effect of annealing conditions: temperature, time, ramping rate and atmosphere on nanocrystal Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin film solar cell properties
摘要： Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) nanoparticles were fabricated successfully using the hot injection method; CZTS films were deposited by spin coating of nanocrystal ink. The aim of this work is to study the effect of annealing parameters: temperature, time, ramping rate and atmosphere on CZTS thin film structure and optical properties. XRD, Raman Spectroscopy, SEM, EDX mapping are used to analyse the films and they demonstrate the increase in quality and improvement in the crystallinity of CZTS and the homogeneity of elements which is one of the important factors for CZTS thin film solar cells. The crystallinity, structure and chemical composition of CZTS thin films increased and improved under annealing in H2S+N2 atmosphere which demonstrated that annealing at 500 oC for 1 h with a ramping rate of 10 oC/min under H2S+N2 atmosphere is a suitable condition for the fabrication of CZTS thin films used in solar cell devices.
关键词： Annealing temperature,CZTS,Cu2ZnSnS4,Annealing time,Thin film solar PV,Annealing atmosphere,Annealing ramping rate
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Experimental Investigation of a Novel Solar Micro-Channel Loop-Heat-Pipe Photovoltaic/Thermal (MC-LHP-PV/T) System for Heat and Power Generation
摘要： This paper aims to experimentally investigate a novel solar Micro-Channel Loop-Heat-Pipe Photovoltaic/Thermal (MC-LHP-PV/T) system which, making its first attempt to employ the co-axial tubular heat exchanger as the condenser, PV-bound multiple micro-channel tubes array as the PV/evaporator, the upper end liquid header with tiny holes as the liquid header and liquid/vapour separator, and the upper end vapour header as the vapour collector and distributor, can create the improved condensation and evaporation effects within the loop-heat-pipe (LHP) and thus, achieve significantly enhanced solar thermal and electrical efficiencies compared to traditional PV/T systems. Based on the results derived from our previous analytical study, a prototype MC-LHP-PV/T system employing R-134a as the working fluid was designed, constructed and tested, and the testing results were used to evaluate its operational performance including solar thermal and electrical efficiencies and their relevant impact factors. It is found that solar thermal efficiency of the MC-LHP-PV/T system varied with the inlet temperature and flow rate of coolant water, ambient temperature, as well as height difference between the condenser and evaporator. A lower inlet water temperature, a higher water flow rate, a higher ambient temperature, and a larger height difference between the condenser and the evaporator can help increase the solar thermal efficiency of the system. Under a range of testing conditions with the refrigerant charge ratio of 30%, a peak solar thermal efficiency (i.e., 71.67%) happened at solar radiation of 561W/m2, inlet water temperature of 18°C, water flow rate of 0.17m3/h, ambient temperature of 30°C, and height difference of 1.3m. This set of parametrical data is therefore regarded as the optimal operational condition of the MC-LHP-PV/T system. Under these specific operational condition and the real weather solar radiation, the solar thermal efficiency of the system was in the range 25.2% to 62.2%, while the solar electrical efficiency varied from 15.59% to 18.34%. Compared to the existing PV/T and BIPV/T systems, the new MC-LHP-PV/T system achieved 17.20% and 33.31% higher overall solar efficiency.
关键词： Co-axial tubular heat exchanger,Thermal efficiency,Electrical efficiency,Solar,PV/T,MCLHP
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Community Solar as an Innovative Business Model for Building-Integrated?Photovoltaics An Experimental Analysis with Swiss Electricity Consumers
摘要： A currently pertinent research challenge is to find ways to keep the growth rate of solar power at a high level. The adoption of new technologies, such as building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV), but also new and innovative business models such as community solar, have both been identified as relevant drivers. However, the adoption of BIPV is still encountering numerous barriers that hinder its more widespread deployment within the solar PV market. The goal of this research effort was to assess whether community solar as a successful business model for the adoption of conventional solar PV could be equally promising in relation to the further adoption of BIPV. For this purpose, we conducted an experimental survey (n=413) to compare customers‘ willingness to buy a community solar offer exclusively associated with BIPV to a community solar offer solely designed with conventional rooftop solar PV. Our results revealed no significant difference between willingness to buy based on our experimental treatment (BIPV vs. conventional PV), indicating that community solar can be a successful distribution channel for the further adoption of BIPV. As findings about specific business models for BIPV are rare, our research creates an important foundation upon which policy makers and project developers can build.
关键词： community solar,PV adoption,experiment,building integrated PV (BIPV)
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Optimum Tilt Angle and Orientation of Photovoltaic Thermal System for Application in Greater Toronto Area, Canada
摘要： We present a study conducted to obtain optimum tilt angle and orientation of a solar panel for the collection of maximum solar irradiation. The optimum tilt angle and orientation were determined using isotropic and anisotropic di?use sky radiation models (isotropic and anisotropic models). The four isotropic models giving varying optimum tilt angles in the range of 37 to 44°. On the other hand, results of the four anisotropic models were more consistent, with optimum tilt angles ranging between 46–47°. Both types of models indicated that the collector tilt should be changed four times a year to receive more solar radiation. The results also indicate that the solar panel should be installed with orientation west or east of due south with a ?atter tilt angle. A 15° change in orientation west or east of due south results in less than 1% reduction of the total solar radiation received. For a given optimum tilt angle, the e?ect of photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) orientation west or east of due south on the outlet temperature was determined using a one-dimensional steady state heat transfer model. It was found that there is less than 1.5% decrease in outlet temperature for a PV/T panel oriented up to 15° east or west of due south from March to December. This result indicates that existing roofs with orientations angles up to 15° east or west of due south can be retro?tted with a PV/T system without changing the roof shape.
关键词： PV/T system,anisotropic models,solar radiation,optimum tilt angle,isotropic models,solar PV orientation
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) - Baltimore, MD, USA (2019.9.29-2019.10.3)] 2019 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) - Design and Implementation of Switch-mode Solar Photovoltaic Emulator using Power-Hardware-in-the-loop Simulations for Grid Integration Studies
摘要： This paper presents a photovoltaic (PV) emulator based on Power Hardware in the Loop Simulation (PHILS). Use of PHILS for source emulation is getting popular in the modern day due to its advantage in recreating an actual like testing environment. However, selection of proper power interface is crucial to achieve a stable PHILS. This paper utilizes an advanced control algorithm to extend the bandwidth of a switched mode buck-based power amplifier (PA). This allows PA in the interface to minimize the latencies thereby helping in the stability of the PHILS. The PV model inside the real time simulator is used to generate the PV characteristics as required. This allows user to have better flexibility as compared to conventional standalone PV emulator in a test setup for grid integration studies. A 260 W buck converter prototype is designed and implemented to realize the power amplification stage. The PV array model is simulated in real time digital simulator (RTDS). A comparative experimental evaluation is conducted between the real time PV array simulation and PHIL based PV emulator to validate its performance.
关键词： real time simulation,Solar PV emulator,PV simulator,power hardware in the loop
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Centroid Analogy-Based MPPT Technique for Uniformly Shaded Solar Photovoltaic Array
摘要： The perturb and observe and an incremental conductance methods are most widely used for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) for solar photovoltaic system. However, it suffers from loss of tracking due to dynamic weather conditions and steady-state oscillations near the maximum power point (MPP). This paper proposes a novel centroid analogy-based MPPT, where centroid analogy (CA) is hybridized with the hill climbing (HC) algorithm (CAHC). The CAHC algorithm reduces the response time, oscillations and the effects of changing insolation. The proposed technique is based on the conventional algorithm, but it has a different approach towards the goal of reaching the MPP. It is based on using CA as a method to reach the new point on the P–V curve. This CA technique reduces the number of steps taken to reach MPP considerably. The proposed method is tested on MATLAB simulation platform, as well as validated on the hardware prototype. The obtained results are compared with state-of-the-art techniques, which show the superiority and meet the objectives to develop the CAHC MPPT algorithm.
关键词： MPPT,Solar PV array,Hill climbing algorithm,CAHC,Centroid analogy technique
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Commercial-scale hybrid solar photovoltaic - diesel systems in select Arab countries with weak grids: An integrated appraisal
摘要： Solar photovoltaic (PV) diesel hybrid systems are effective solutions for sustainable energy transition in countries where utility grids are intermittent. An ‘integrated appraisal’ of ’hybrid solar (PV) - diesel’ systems are carried out to assess their overall energetic, environmental, financial and economic performances. The study carries out the analysis of hybridized solar photovoltaic energy using first-hand data and information collected from the Palestinian, Lebanese and Iraqi commercial and/or industrial sectors, adopting several scenarios of tariff and diesel fuel prices, capital costs assumptions, solar PV curtailment, and values for environmental damage adopted from life-cycle impact assessment methods that allow for monetization and are globally valid. Results show that hybrid PV-diesel systems have largely beneficial energy, environmental and economic performances in all three countries, whereas their financial performance are also positive for Palestine and Lebanon, however less promising in Iraq, mainly due Iraq’s heavily subsidized electricity tariff. The study concludes with policy recommendations focused on promoting solar PV in the commercial and/or industrial sectors, namely: the gradual phasing-out of fossil fuel subsidies, the effective execution of net-metering, the provision of subsidized sustainable energy loans, and carefully designed energy management systems.
关键词： Life-cycle assessment,Arab countries,Cost-benefit analysis,Hybrid solar PV-Diesel
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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A Reconfigurable Solar Photovoltaic Grid-Tied Inverter Architecture for Enhanced Energy Access in Backup Power Applications
摘要： In this paper, a photovoltaic (PV) reconfigurable grid-tied inverter (RGTI) scheme is proposed. Unlike a conventional GTI that ceases operation during a power outage, the RGTI is designed to act as a regular GTI in the on-grid mode but it is reconfigured to function as a DC-DC charge-controller that continues operation during a grid outage. During this period, the RGTI is tied to the battery-bank of an external UPS based backup power system to augment it with solar power. Such an operation in off-grid mode without employing high-bandwidth communication with the UPS is challenging, as the RGTI control must not conflict with the battery management system of the UPS. The hardware and control design aspects of this requirement are discussed in this paper. A battery emulation control scheme is proposed for the RGTI that facilitates seamless functioning of the RGTI in parallel with the physical UPS battery to reduce its discharge current. A system-level control scheme for overall operation and power management is presented to handle the dynamic variations in solar irradiation and UPS loads during the day, such that the battery discharge burden is minimized. The design and operation of the proposed RGTI system are independent of the external UPS and can be integrated with an UPS supplied by any manufacturer. Experimental results on a 4 kVA hardware setup validate the proposed RGTI concept, its operation and control.
关键词： Solar PV,Battery,Grid-tied Inverters,dual-mode inverters,UPS,Closed-loop control
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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[IEEE 2018 International Ural Conference on Green Energy (UralCon) - Chelyabinsk, Russia (2018.10.4-2018.10.6)] 2018 International Ural Conference on Green Energy (UralCon) - Simulation Model of Autonomous Solar Power Plant with Dual-Axis Solar Tracker
摘要： The article provides a description of a simulation model of a solar power station with an automated dual-axis solar tracker, which was developed using MATLAB/Simulink. The presented development includes a random weather generator (intensity of solar radiation), automated load redundancy, and also simultaneous use of two types of solar cells such as monocrystalline and polycrystalline. This paper presents the results of modeling, which prove the effectiveness of the application of solar modules with a dual-axis solar tracker in comparison with statically located modules. In addition, on the basis of the conducted analysis of the modeling solar power station work in MATLAB/Simulink optimum operating conditions of a photovoltaic plant have been identified. The developed model will allow for researching the characteristics of a solar power plant and predicting the amount of energy generated by solar panels in a specific place.
关键词： designing a solar tracking-system,modeling dual-axis solar tracker,simulation model of solar power plant,simulation of solar PV model in MATLAB
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Cost benefit modeling of AB <sub/>2</sub> X <sub/>4</sub> (A=Cd; B=Ga; X=S, Se) solar photovoltaic (PV) materials
摘要： Present paper focus towards implementation and commercialization of emerging solar PV technology with cost effective manner. Energy band gap, absorption coefficients and module implementation cost for 1KW solar power plant for ternary AB2X4 (A= Cd; B= Ga; X= S, Se) solar photovoltaic (PV) system is investigated here. All the material related calculations are carried out using density functional theory [1] and cost related calculations by using mathematical expressions. By performing a comparative cost study between proposed materials based solar photovoltaic module and crystalline based solar photovoltaic module we concluded that present material will be cost effectively commercialized as compare to Crystalline Si.
关键词： Solar PV,Cost,DFT
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04