- 标题
- 摘要
- 关键词
- 实验方案
- 产品
-
Editorial: Window Electrodes for Emerging Thin Film Photovoltaics
摘要： Photovoltaics (PVs) fabricated by printing at low temperature onto ?exible substrates are attractive for a broad range of applications in buildings and transportation, where ?exibility, color-tuneability, and light-weight are essential requirements. Two emerging PV technologies on the cusp of commercialization are organic PVs and perovskite PVs. CIGS, CdTe, and a-Si solar cells also have potential applications in ?exible PVs. It is widely recognized that these classes of PV will only ful?ll their full cost advantage and functional advantages over conventional thin ?lm PVs if a suitable transparent, ?exible electrode is forthcoming (Lu et al., 2018). Indium tin oxide (ITO) is the most popular transparent conductor material for opto-electronics including solar cells and displays. However, the fragile ceramic nature makes ITO unsuitable for future electronics such as ?exible, stretchable, and wearable electronics because it will easily develop cracks under mechanical deformation. Instead, optically thin ?lm or metallic nanowire networks (Sannicolo et al., 2016) of the most electrically conductive metals copper (Cu), silver (Ag), and gold (Au) have shown promising potential, in spite of the oxidation and parasitic absorption problem of Cu and the high material cost problem of Ag and Au. Whilst the chemical, thermal, and electrical stability of transparent electrodes based on these metals presents challenges, it has been shown that thin coating layers can be very e?cient in preserving their integrity and properties (Celle et al., 2018). Additionally, low-temperature, high-throughput deposition techniques, such as spatial atomic layer deposition (SALD) (Mu?oz-Rojas and MacManus-Driscoll, 2014; Khan et al., 2018), can be used to deposit these protective layers.
关键词： solar cell,photovoltaic,transparent electrode,perovskite solar cell,organic photovoltaic,metal ?lm,organic solar cell
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
-
Study of solar irradiance and performance analysis of submerged monocrystalline and polycrystalline solar cells
摘要： Underwater photovoltaic (PV) systems supported with modern-day technology can lead to possible solutions for the lack of long-term power sources in marine electronics, navy corps, and many other remotely operated underwater power systems. Currently, most of these systems are powered by conventional batteries, which are bulky, costly, and require periodic maintenance and replacement. Harnessing the underwater Solar energy by using Solar PV cells is simple, reliable, and leads to tremendous advantageous as water itself provides cooling, cleaning, and avoid challenges due to land constraints. The present work encompasses an experimental study on Solar radiation in water and its changes with varying water conditions. Accordingly, the performance of monocrystalline and polycrystalline silicon solar cells with different submerged water conditions and water depths up to 20 cm has been studied. Most importantly, these studies have been carried out with different types of water conditions, consisting of salinity, bacteria, algae, and other water impurities. These investigation results manifest that the percentage decrease of maximum power output in monocrystalline and polycrystalline Solar cells is 65.85% and 62.55%, respectively, in the case of ocean water conditions, whereas in deionized (DI) water conditions, it is 63.06% and 60.72% up to 20 cm. Such results conclude that valuable amount of Solar energy is can be explored underwater. These experimental studies pave the way to explore further to utilize Solar PV cells efficiently in underwater conditions.
关键词： monocrystalline Solar cell,underwater Solar radiation,photovoltaic (PV) technology,PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane),water salinity,polycrystalline Solar cell
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
-
Four-Terminal Tandem Solar Cell with Dye-Sensitized and PbS Colloidal Quantum Dot based Sub-cells
摘要： In this work, high performance four-terminal solution-processed tandem solar cells were fabricated by using dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) as top-cells and lead sulfide (PbS) colloidal quantum dot solar cells (CQDSC) as bottom-cells. For dye-sensitized top-cells, three different dye combinations were used while the titanium dioxide (TiO2) scattering layer was removed to maximize the transmission. For the PbS bottom-cells, quantum dots with different size were compared. Over 12% PCE has been achieved by using XL dye mixture and 890 nm PbS QDs, which shows a significant efficiency enhancement when compared to single DSSC or CQDSC sub-cells.
关键词： dye-sensitized solar cell,quantum dot solar cell,PbS,four-terminal tandem,solution-processed
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
-
Sputtered p-type Cu <sub/>x</sub> Zn <sub/>1-x</sub> S back contact to CdTe solar cells
摘要： As thin film cadmium telluride (CdTe) solar cells gain prominence, one particular challenge is optimizing contacts and their interfaces to transfer charge without losses in efficiency. Back contact recombination is still significant and will prevent CdTe solar technology from reaching its full potential in device efficiency, and transparent back contacts have not been developed for bifacial solar technology or multijunction solar cells. To address these challenges, this study investigates sputtered CuxZn1-xS as a p-type semi-transparent back contact material to thin film polycrystalline CdTe solar cells, at Cu concentrations x = 0.30, 0.45 and 0.60. This material is selected for its high hole conductivity (160 to 2,120 S cm-1), wide optical band gap (2.25 to 2.75 eV), and variable ionization potential (approximately 6 to 7 eV) that can be aligned to that of CdTe. We report that without device optimization, CdTe solar cells with these CuxZn1-xS back contacts perform as well as control cells with standard ZnTe:Cu back contacts. We observe no reduction in external quantum efficiency, low contact barrier heights of approximately 0.3 eV, and carrier lifetimes on par with those of baseline CdTe. These cells are relatively stable over one year in air, with VOC and efficiency of the x = 0.30 cell decreasing by only 1% and 3%, respectively. Using SEM and STEM to investigate the CuxZn1-xS?CdTe interface, we demonstrate that the CuxZn1-xS layer segregates into a bilayer of Cu-Te-S and Zn-Cd-S, and thermodynamic reaction calculations support these findings. Despite its bilayer formation, the back contact still functions well. This investigation explains some of the physical mechanisms governing the device stack, inspires future work to understand interfacial chemistry and charge transfer, and elicits optimization to achieve higher efficiency CdTe cells.
关键词： solar cell back contact design,transparent semiconductors,copper zinc sulfide,solar cell interfaces,CdTe photovoltaics
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
-
Probe and Control of the Tiny Amounts of Dopants in BHJ Film Enable Higher-Performance Polymer Solar Cells
摘要： In order to achieve efficient doping in polymer solar cell (PSC), the dopant needs to be selectively located in the binary components of bulk heterojunction (BHJ) film according to its polarity. The rarely studied n-type dopant is thoroughly examined in a simplified planar heterojunction (PHJ) device to address its favored location in the active layer. Results show that the n-dopant distributing in the acceptor layer or at the donor/acceptor interface produces enhanced device performance, whereas it harms the device when locating in the donor layer. Based on the results, the benefit of n-type doping is then transferred to the high-efficient BHJ devices via a sequential coating procedure. The performance improvement is closely linked with the variation of dopant’s location in the BHJ film, which is carefully examined by the synchrotron techniques with delicate chemical sensitivity. More interestingly, the sequential coating procedure can be easily extended to the p-doped device only by changing the dopant’s polarity in the middle layer. These findings pave the way of ambipolar doping in PSCs and make performance improvement by molecular doping within expectation.
关键词： molecular doping,Polymer solar cell,doped morphology,n-type doping,ternary blend solar cell
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
-
Design Optimization of Photovoltaic Cell Stacking in a Triple-Well CMOS Process
摘要： Various self-powered devices employ energy-harvesting technology to capture and store an ambient energy. The photovoltaic (PV) cell is one of the most preferred approaches due to its potential for on-chip integration. Although serial connection of multiple PV cells is commonly required to obtain a sufficiently high voltage for circuit operation, a voltage boosting with serially stacked PV cells is limited in a standard bulk CMOS process because all the PV cells are intrinsically connected to the common substrate. It is possible to increase the output voltage by stacking multiple PV cells with a large area ratio between stages. However, nonoptimal design results in a poor conversion efficiency or a limited open-circuit voltage, making it unsuitable for practical applications. This article proposes a stacking structure and its optimal design method for PV cell stacking in a triple-well CMOS process. The proposed approach utilizes an additional current-sourcing photodiode and an optical filter, which allow high voltage generation without a significant efficiency degradation. The test chip with four-stage stacked PV cells was fabricated using a 0.25-μm standard triple-well CMOS process. The experimental results demonstrate an output voltage of 1.6 V and an electrical power of 263 nW/mm2 under an incident illumination with an intensity of 96 μW/mm2, achieving a responsivity of 1.91 mA/W and a conversion efficiency of 0.27%.
关键词： on-chip solar cell,photovoltaic (PV) cell stacking,Energy harvesting,voltage boosting
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
-
Tweaking the physics of interfaces between monolayers of buckled cadmium sulfide for a superhigh piezoelectricity, excitonic solar cell efficiency and thermoelectricity
摘要： Interfaces of heterostructures are routinely studied for different applications. Interestingly, monolayers of the same material when interfaced in an unconventional manner can bring about novel properties. For instance, CdS monolayers, stacked in a particular order, are found to show unprecedented potential in the conversion of nanomechanical energy, solar energy and waste heat into electricity, which has been systematically investigated in this work, using DFT based approaches. Moreover, stable ultrathin structures showing strong capabilities for all kinds of energy conversion are scarce. The emergence of a very high out-of-plane piezoelectricity, |d33| ~ 56 pm/V, induced by the inversion symmetry broken in the buckled structure helps to supersede the previously reported bulk wurzite GaN, AlN and Janus multilayer structures of Mo and W based dichalcogenides. The piezoelectric coefficients have been found to be largely dependent on the relative stacking between the two layers. CdS bilayer is a direct band gap semiconductor with its band edges straddling the water redox potential, thereby making it thermodynamically favorable for photocatalytic applications. Strain engineering facilitates its transition from type-I to type-II semiconductor in CdS bilayer stacked over monolayer boron phosphide, and the theoretically calculated power conversion efficiency (PCE) in the 2D excitonic solar cell exceeds 27% for a fill factor of 0.8, which is much higher than that in ZnO/CdS/CuInGaSe solar cell (20% efficiency). Thermoelectric properties have been investigated using semi classical Boltzmann transport equations for electrons and phonons within the constant relaxation time approximation coupled to deformation potential theory, which reveal ultralow thermal conductivity (~ 0.78 Wm-1K-1) at room temperature due to the presence of heavy element Cd, strong anharmonicity (high mode Gruneisen parameter at long wavelength, phonon lifetime < 5 ps), low phonon group velocity (4 km/s) and low Debye temperature (260 K). Such a low thermal conductivity is lower than that of dumbbell silicene (2.86 Wm-1K-1), SnS2 (6.41 Wm-1K-1) and SnSe2 (3.82 Wm-1K-1), SnP3 (4.97 Wm-1K-1). CdS bilayer shows a thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT) ~ 0.8 for p-type and ~ 0.7 for n-type doping at room temperature. Its ultrahigh carrier mobility (μe ~2270 cm2V-1s-1) is higher than that of single layer MoS2 and comparable to that in InSe. The versatile properties of CdS bilayer together with its all-round stability supported by ab initio molecular dynamics simulation, phonon dispersion and satisfaction of Born-Huang stability criteria highlight its outstanding potential for applications in device fabrication and applications in next generation nanoelectronics and energy harvesting.
关键词： Power conversion efficiency,Excitonic solar cell,Piezoelectricity,Photocatalysis,Solar energy,Semiconductor,Thermoelectricity,Carrier mobility
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
-
Potassium Treatments for Solution-Processed Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se) <sub/>2</sub> Solar Cells
摘要： Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 (CIGSe, CIGSSe) has emerged as an attractive thin-film solar cell absorber material owing to its high light absorption coefficient and tunable bandgap. In CIGSSe processing and fabrication, the use of alkali treatments has been implemented as sodium doping is considered a requirement for high efficiency CIGSSe solar cell devices and has been used extensively. One of the more significant developments in recent years has been the discovery of the beneficial effects that potassium post-deposition treatments have on vacuum-processed CIGSSe solar cells as they are responsible for a major increase in CIGSSe solar cell performance. Here, we conduct a study of the effect of potassium treatments to solution-processed CIGSSe films grown from colloidal sulfide-based nanoparticle inks. By adding potassium through e-beam evaporation of KF prior to selenization and grain growth, we find that the grain growth of CIGSSe is enhanced with potassium addition and that a larger-grained film results compared to untreated selenized CIGSSe film, similar to what is observed in sodium-treated films. We also observe through XPS that films treated with K show the presence of the high-bandgap K-In-Se surface phase. Fabricating devices, we find that films that have been subjected simultaneously to both sodium and potassium treatments have enhanced optoelectronic performance mainly manifested in higher open-circuit voltage and higher short-circuit current.
关键词： CIGS,alkali treatment,Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2,solution-processed solar cells,potassium fluoride,chalcopyrite solar cell,sodium fluoride
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
-
Improving performance of ZnO flexible dye sensitized solar cell by incorporation of graphene oxide
摘要： At today great interest has been paid to hydrogen production by water electrolysis due to their simplicity and low cost. Dye sensitized solar cell are promising devices as renewable electrical power source to achieve water electrolysis because they possess high theoretical ef?ciency compared with Si based solar cells. In this research, ZnO photo catalyst was modi?ed with graphene oxide (GO) by means of high energy milling. The anode of the ?exible dye-sensitized solar cell was fabricated by electrophoretic deposition of the photo catalyst onto ?exible electrodes. The obtained materials were characterized by FTIR, XRD, XPS and SEM–EDS. The ef?ciency and ?ll factor of ZnO and ZnO–GO cells were estimated from the I–V curve, measured under simulated sunlight. The obtained results demonstrate that ZnO–GO cell have higher ef?ciency compared with the ZnO cell. The latter can be explained by the better dispersion of ZnO that enlace the dye adsorption onto the fabricated anode and by the presence of GO that improve the absorption of photons from the light.
关键词： flexible solar cells,dye sensitized solar cell,graphene oxide,ZnO,electrophoretic deposition
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
-
Hydroxymethyl Functionalized PEDOT-MeOH:PSS for Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： Poly(hydroxymethylated-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT-MeOH:PSS) conducting polymers are synthesized and incorporated in inverted structured perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) as hole transport materials. The highest occupied molecular orbital of PEDOT-MeOH is lowered by adding a hydroxymethyl (-MeOH) functional group to ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT), and thus the work function of PEDOT-MeOH:PSS is increased. Additionally, hydrogen bonding can be formed among EDOT-MeOH monomers and between EDOT-MeOH monomers and sulfate groups on PSS, which promote PEDOT-MeOH chain growth and enhance PSS doping. The electronic, microstructural, and surface morphological properties of PEDOT-MeOH:PSS are modified by changing the amount of PSS and ferric oxidizing agent used in the polymerization and by adding ethylene glycol in the post-synthesis treatment. The PVSCs based on ethylene glycol treated PEDOT-MeOH:PSS overperform the PVSCs based on commercial PEDOT:PSS because of the better energetic alignment and the enhancement of PEDOT-MeOH:PSS electrical conductivity. This work opens the way to develop new hole transport materials for highly efficient inverted PVSCs.
关键词： hole transport material,perovskite,solar cell,electrical conductivity,work function
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01