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Deposition of boron-doped nanocrystalline silicon carbide thin films using H2-Ar mixed dilution for the application on thin film solar cells
摘要： Hydrogen-argon mixed dilution has been applied for the deposition of boron-doped nanocrystalline silicon carbide (nc-SiCx) thin films. The variations of structural, compositional, electrical and optical properties with the varying H2/Ar ratio are systemically investigated through various characterizations. It is shown that by using H2-Ar mixed dilution for deposition, B-doped nc-SiCx thin film possessing both wide optical band gap (~2.22 eV) and high conductivity (~1.9 S/cm) can be obtained at the H2/Ar flow ratio of 360/140. In addition, the B-doped nc-SiCx thin films are fabricated as the window layers of a-Si thin film solar cells, and the highest conversion efficiency (8.13%) is obtained when applying the window layer with the largest optical band gap energy.
关键词： PECVD,solar cell,B-doping,thin film,silicon carbide
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Sputtered and selenized Sb2Se3 thin-film solar cells with open-circuit voltage exceeding 500??mV
摘要： Antimony selenide (Sb2Se3) is a potential absorber material for environment-friendly and cost-efficient photovoltaics and has achieved considerable progress in recent years. However, the severe open-circuit voltage (Voc) deficit ascribed to the interface and/or bulk defect states has become the main obstacle for further efficiency improvement. In this work, Sb2Se3 absorber layer was prepared by an effective combination reaction involving sputtered and selenized Sb precursor thin films. The self-assembled growth of Sb2Se3 thin films with large crystal grains, benign preferential orientation, and accurate chemical composition were successfully fulfilled under an appropriate thickness of Sb precursor and an optimized selenization scenario. Substrate structured Sb2Se3 thin-film solar cells, a champion device with a power-conversion efficiency of 6.84%, were fabricated. This device is comparable to state-of-the-art ones and represents the highest efficiency of sputtered Sb2Se3 solar cells. Importantly, the high Voc of 504 mV is closely related to the reduced deep level defect density for the Sb2Se3 absorber layer, the passivated interfacial defects for Sb2Se3/CdS heterojunction interface, and the additional heterojunction heat treatment-induced Cd and S inter-diffusion. This significantly improved Voc demonstrates remarkable potential to broaden its scope of applications for Sb2Se3 solar cells.
关键词： Open-circuit voltage,Selenization,Sb2Se3 solar Cell,Elemental inter-diffusion,Sputtering
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Integration of RF rectenna with thin film solar cell to power wearable electronics
摘要： This paper reports an integration of dual band microstrip antenna with thin film amorphous silicon solar cell which creates a wearable system to harvest microwave energy. The multiple layers in the encapsulation of the thin film solar cell are used as a substrate for microstrip antenna. The rectifier and matching circuit are designed on cotton jeans material and the whole system is mechanically supported by the foam of 5 mm thick. The performance of the antenna is studied for the mechanical bending condition. The device has maintained good power conversion efficiency. The efficiency of the voltage doubler is tested by varying radio frequency power levels from ?30 to10 dBm. The voltage doubler conversion efficiency at 1.85 and 2.45 GHz are 58 and 43%, respectively, for a load of 7.5 kΩ for an input power level of ?5 dBm.
关键词： solar cell,ring antenna,multi-layer,wearable,flexible substrate,Dual band
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Reviewing and understanding the stability mechanism of halide perovskite solar cells
摘要： Finding sustainable and renewable energy to replace traditional fossil fuel is critical for reducing greenhouse gas emission and avoiding environment pollution. Solar cells that convert energy of sunlight into electricity offer a viable route for solving this issue. At present, halide perovskites are the most potential candidate materials for solar cell with considerable power conversion efficiency, whereas their stability remains a challenge. In this work, we summarize four different key factors that influence the stability of halide perovskites: (a) effect of environmental moisture on the degradation of halide perovskites. The performance of halide perovskite solar cells is reduced due to hydrated crystal hinders the diffusion of photo-generated carriers, which can be solved by materials encapsulation technique; (b) photo-induced instability. Through uncovering the underlying physical mechanism, we note that materials engineering or novel device structure can extend the working life of halide perovskites under continuous light exposure; (c) thermal stability. Halide perovskites are rapidly degraded into PbI2 and volatile substances as heating due to lower formation energy, whereas hybrid perovskite is little changed; (d) electric field effect in the degradation of halide perovskites. The electric field impacts significantly on the carrier separation, changes direction of photo-induced currents and generates switchable photovoltaic effect. For each key factor, we have shown in detail the underlying physical mechanisms and discussed the strategies to overcome this stability difficulty. We expect this review from both theoretical and experimental points of view can be beneficial for development of perovskite solar cell materials and promotes practical applications.
关键词： stability mechanism,ion diffusion,perovskite solar cell
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Controllable orientations for Sb <sub/>2</sub> S <sub/>3</sub> solar cells by vertical VTD method
摘要： Antimony sulfide (Sb2S3) is a promising photoelectric material because of its wide bandgap approximately 1.7 eV for next-generation solar cells, high optical absorption coefficient, and its green and earth-abundant constituents. Different to traditional cubic structure photovoltaic materials, Sb2S3 holds one-dimensional crystal structure and its thin film with [hk1] preferred orientation shows one-order-higher carrier transport mobility. However, all the reported Sb2S3 films exhibited [hk0] preferred orientation on CdS-based superstrate device structure up to now. Thus, it is indispensable to study the controllable-orientations Sb2S3 film deposition and the relationship between the orientation and performances. In this paper, we develop a vertical vapor transport deposition (V-VTD) method, which can tune the preferred orientation of Sb2S3 thin film from [hk0] to [hk1] by reaction recipe monitoring. Combining the experiment results, a reasonable deposition/reevaporation competing model is suggested to explain above orientation conversion mechanism. The device efficiency increases from less than 2% to about 4% with the orientation of Sb2S3 film changing from [hk0] to [hk1]. By fine regulating the technique of deposition, the device with [hk1] orientation has better crystallinity, lower interface recombination, and higher built-in voltage comparing with the [hk0] one. Finally, a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 4.5% has been achieved, and the VOC of 730 mV is the top value among the Sb2S3 solar cells. The present versatile orientation tuning strategy could overcome the bottleneck of strong anisotropic materials and show high potential for noncubic material deposition and related optoelectronic device performance enhancement.
关键词： vertical vapor transport deposition,solar cell,controllable orientations,Sb2S3,orientation conversion mechanism
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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A Dopanta??Free Hole Transporting Layer for Efficient and Stable Planar Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites are attractive materials for the fabrication of efficient thin film solar cells. In order to make perovskite solar cells (PSCs) suitable for commercialization, stability issue should be addressed properly. In this work, we introduce a new dopant-free organic material, PV2000, as a stable hole transporting layer (HTL) for the fabrication of stable and efficient PSCs. For this purpose, we fabricate planar PSCs using a triple-A cation perovskite composition and replace commonly used 2,2′,7,7′ -Tetrakis[N,N-di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9′-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD) HTL by dopant-free PV2000 polymer. Our characterization results disclose that the PV2000 has a great thermal stability, good hole mobility and suitable band alignment that well-matched with the valence band of triple-A cation perovskite. After proper optimization of PV2000 film thickness, we achieve a planar PSC with a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.93%, which is comparable with the spiro-based device (19.62%). Moreover, we further improve the PCE of the PV2000 based device up to 20.5% using a band alignment engineering by deposition thin layer of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) at perovskite/HTL interface. More importantly, we find that the thermal, moisture and operational stabilities of the PSCs with PV2000 HTL are improved drastically as compared to the spiro-based devices, where the PSC with PV2000 retains ~88% of its initial PCE value under continuous illumination for 250 h as compared to the spiro-based one (39%).
关键词： efficiency,PV2000,stability,Perovskite solar cell,Hole transporting layer
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Dye-sensitized solar cell-thermoelectric hybrid generator utilizing bipolar conduction in a unified element
摘要： The dye-sensitized solar cell-thermoelectric hybrid generator (DS-TEG), which is a hybridization of a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) and a thermoelectric generator (TEG) not at the structural level but in terms of material-level unification, is presented. The Pt-coated TE element provides electrons to the iodide/triiodide electrolyte to lower the redox barrier. This promotes the reduction of triiodide, resulting in a dramatic increase in the electron recombination lifetime. The available charge density, carrier diffusion coefficient and effective diffusion length were significantly increased when utilizing both types of carriers and acceleration in an iodide/triiodide reduction reaction in the unified DS-TEG.
关键词： Dye-sensitized solar cell,synergetic effect,dye-sensitized thermoelectric hybrid generator,thermoelectric element,triiodide reduction rate
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Improvement of Cu(In,Ga)Se <sub/>2</sub> solar cell performance by thiourea treatment
摘要： We investigated the effects of a thiourea treatment performed to the absorber of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cells. The thiourea treatment successfully improved the open-circuit voltage, fill factor, and conversion efficiency of the solar cells. Reduced ideality factor and reverse saturation current density demonstrated that the suppression of carrier recombination contributed to the improvement in solar cell performance. Increased intensity in cross-sectional electron-beam-induced current measurements confirmed the improved film quality with the thiourea treatment. Additionally, an enhanced carrier density observed with the treatment suggests the passivation of donor-type defects. These results indicate that the thiourea treatment is promising to improve the absorber quality and enhance the performance of CIGS solar cells.
关键词： thiourea treatment,solar cell,Cu(In,Ga)Se2,carrier recombination,film quality
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Adsorption and Cation Exchange Behavior of Zinc Sulfide (ZnS) on Mesoporous TiO2 Film and Its Applications to Solar Cells
摘要： Zinc sulfide (ZnS) was deposited onto the surface of mesoporous TiO2 film by a typical successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) process. By inducing a spontaneous cation exchange between ZnS and a target cation (Pb2+, Cu2+, Ag+, or Bi3+) dissolved in chemical bath when they are in contact, it was demonstrated successfully that white translucent ZnS on the substrate could be changed to brown-colored new metal chalcogenides and the amount of ZnS deposited originally by different conditions could be compared in a qualitative way with the degree of the color change. By utilizing this simple but effective process, the evolution of well-known ZnS passivation layer prepared from different chemical baths in quantum dot (QD)-sensitized solar cells could be tracked visually via checking the degree of color change of TiO2/ZnS electrodes after the induced specific cation exchange. When applied to representative CdS QD-sensitized solar cells, it was revealed clearly how the different degree and rate of ZnS deposition could affect the overall power conversion efficiency while finding an optimized passivation layer over TiO2/CdS electrode. Acetate anion-coupled Zn2+ source was observed to give a much faster deposition of ZnS passivation layer than nitrate anion one due to its higher pH-induced more favorable adsorption of Zn2+ on the surface of TiO2. As another useful application of the ZnS-based cation exchange, as-deposited ZnS was used as a template for preparing a more complex metal chalcogenide onto mesoporous TiO2 film. The ZnS-derived Sb2S3-sensitized electrode showed a promising initial result of over 1.0 % overall power conversion efficiency with a very thin ZrO2 passivation layer between TiO2 and Sb2S3.
关键词： passivation,Quantum dot-sensitizer,SILAR deposition,zinc sulfide,solar cell,cation exchange
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Suppressed Interdiffusion and Degradation in Flexible and Transparent Metal Electrode-Based Perovskite Solar Cells with a Graphene Interlayer
摘要： Metal-based transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs) are attractive candidates for application in indium tin oxide (ITO)-free solar cells due to their excellent electrical conductivity and cost effectiveness. In perovskite solar cells (PSCs), metal-induced degradation with the perovskite layer leads to various detrimental effects, deteriorating the device performance and stability. Here, we introduce a novel flexible hybrid TCE consisting of a Cu grid-embedded polyimide film and a graphene capping layer, named GCEP, which exhibits excellent mechanical and chemical stability as well as desirable optoelectrical properties. We demonstrated the critical role of graphene as a protection layer to prevent metal-induced degradation and halide diffusion between the electrode and perovskite layer; the performance of the flexible PSCs fabricated with GCEP was comparable to that of their rigid ITO-based counterparts and also exhibited outstanding mechanical and chemical stability. This work provides an effective strategy to design mechanically and chemically robust ITO-free metal-assisted TCE platforms in PSCs.
关键词： metal-induced degradation,perovskite solar cell,Flexibility,graphene,transparent conductive electrode
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01