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Fabrication of Cu2ZnSnS4 Thin Films from Ball-Milled Nanoparticle inks under Various Annealing Temperatures
摘要： Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) has been recognized as a promising thin-?lm absorber material of chalcopyrite-related solar cells. A two-stage method for fabricating CZTS ?lms using CZTS nanoparticles was developed. Nanocrystal inks fabricated by a ball-milling method was utilized to deposit CZTS precursors by spin-coating approach. The CZTS precursors were annealed in the sulfur atmosphere under di?erent annealing temperatures ranging from 550 °C to 650 °C. In?uences of annealing temperature on grain growth, composition, crystallinity, and photovoltaic properties of CZTS ?lms were characterized. With the increase of annealing temperature, grain growth was enhanced, while the sulfur atomic ratio ?st increased then decreased. The crystallinity of the ?lms was signi?cantly improved after the annealing, and the obvious peak of the secondary phase of ZnS, were observed from the X-ray di?raction results, when the annealing temperature increased to 625 °C. However, the secondary phase was not detected from the surface Raman spectrum. Through comparing the Raman spectrum of di?erent areas of the CZTS ?lm, secondary phases of ZnS and SnS were observed, indicating the decomposition of CZTS ?lms, due to the high temperature. The highest conversion e?ciency of 7.5% was obtained when the annealing temperature was 600 °C.
关键词： Cu2ZnSnS4 solar cell,secondary phase,annealing
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Photovoltaic Performance of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Containing ZnO Microrods
摘要： At an elevated temperature of 90 °C, a chemical bath deposition using an aqueous solution of Zn(NO3)2·6H2O and (CH2)6N4 resulted in the formation of both nanoflowers and microrods of ZnO on F-doped SnO2 glass with a seed layer. The nanoflowers and microrods were sensitized with dyes for application to the photoelectrodes of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). By extending the growth time of ZnO, the formation of nanoflowers was reduced and the formation of microrods favored. As the growth time was increased from 4 to 6 and then to 8 h, the open circuit voltage (Voc) values of the DSSCs were increased, whilst the short circuit current (Jsc) values varied only slightly. Changes in the dye-loading amount, dark current, and electrochemical impedance were monitored and they revealed that the increase in Voc was found to be due to a retardation of the charge recombination between photoinjected electrons and I3? ions and resulted from a reduction in the surface area of ZnO microrods. A reduced surface area decreased the dye contents adsorbed on the ZnO microrods, and thereby decreased the light harvesting efficiency (LHE). An increase in the electron collection efficiency attributed to the suppressed charge recombination counteracted the decreased LHE, resulting in comparable Jsc values regardless of the growth time.
关键词： microrods,nanoflowers,Dye-sensitized solar cell,ZnO
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Utilization of 2D gahnite nanosheets as highly conductive, transparent and light trapping front contact for silicon solar cells
摘要： The current scenario illustrates distinct interest in developing renewable energy sources for power generation. In this regard, several researches are performed in enhancing the power conversion efficiency of solar cells. The present work focuses on utilizing ZnAl2O4 (gahnite) spinel as antireflection coating material to improve the power conversion efficiency of silicon solar cells. Gahnite was synthesized using two precursors namely zinc nitrate hexahydrate and aluminum nitrate nonahydrate through sol–gel technique. The thickness of the prepared gahnite sheets measured through atomic force microscopy was around 50?nm. Single to quintuple layers of gahnite was deposited on silicon solar substrate using spin coating technique. The influence of gahnite coating on the structural, optical, electrical properties and cell temperature of silicon solar cells are analyzed. The synthesized gahnite bears spinel crystal structure in the form of two dimensional nanosheet. Increment in layer thickness proves the deposition of single to quintuple layer on silicon substrate. A maximum of 93% transmittance and 20.72% power conversion efficiency at a low cell temperature (39.4?°C) has been achieved for triple layer deposition proving diffusion of more photons on the substrate. The obtained results prove gahnite as suitable anti-reflection coating material for enhancing the power conversion efficiency of silicon solar cells.
关键词： Anti-reflection coating,Silicon solar cell,Gahnite,Power conversion efficiency,Sol–gel
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Cost-efficient solar cells using nanocrystalline perovskite La (Fe and Mn) O3 and candle soot: Theory and experiment
摘要： In present investigation, co-precipitation as a simple, low temperature synthesis and low cost route was used to prepare nanocrystal perovskite La (Fe and Mn) O3 for solar cell application. The synthesized powders were characterized by XRD, SEM, PL, DRS, CV, EDS, and FTIR analysis. The photovoltaic behavior of prepared La (Fe and Mn) O3 perovskite as photo anode was also investigated, experimentally and theoretically. The best power conversion efficiency was experimentally obtained by LaFeO3 perovskite (0.07). Two different counter electrodes were applied: Pt electrode and an electrode prepared from a candle soot coated on the surface of FTO glass as a remarkable alternative material and process of noble metal electrode (Au or Ag) deposited by complicated vacuum technologies. In another stage, commercial electrolyte was used to enhance efficiency. These results indicate that there is a possibility to further increase the performance and efficiency of perovskite based cells.
关键词： Candle soot,Solar cell,Perovskite,Co-precipitation
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Rational Design of Low Bandgap Polymers for Efficient Solar Cells with High Open-Circuit Voltage: The Profound Effect of Me and Cl Substituent with Similar Van Der Waals Radius
摘要： Generally, low bandgap materials-based photovoltaic devices have reduced open circuit voltage (VOC), and how to realize the trade-off between the low bandgap (Eg<1.6 eV) and high VOC (>0.9 V) could be critical to give efficient polymer solar cells, especially for high-performance semitransparent PSCs and tandem solar cells. Although lots of efforts have been made to address the issue, most results may be not gratifying. In this work, the polymer PTBTz-Cl based on the chlorination method and efficient thiazole-induced strategy was designed and synthesized, aiming at the deep HOMO energy level, and the enhanced backbone planarity caused by the weak noncovalent Cl···S interaction. In addition, the methyl-substituted polymer PTBTz-Me was constructed as the reference due to the similar van der Waals radius of side chain (CH3: 0.20 nm vs Cl: 0.18 nm). Encouragingly, in comparison with that of PTBTz-2, the newly synthesized polymers exhibit the red-shifted absorption spectra ranging from 300 to 770 nm, with obviously reduced Eg of ～1.6 eV. However, the function of Cl and Me substituent is different. Compared to the polymer PTBTz-Me, PTBTz-Cl exhibits a lower HOMO value, stronger crystallinity, and more compact intramolecular interactions. Consequently, the polymer PTBTz-Cl exhibits excellent photovoltaic performance with a notable VOC of 0.94 V and a PCE of 10.35%, which is ～11% higher than the 9.12% efficiency based on PTBTz-Me, and is also one of the highest values among polymer/fullerene solar cells. Moreover, a smaller photo energy loss (Eloss) of 0.64 eV is achieved, which is rare among the current high-performance polymer systems.
关键词： High open-circuit voltage,Low energy loss,Photovoltaic performance,Chlorination method,Polymer solar cell
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Heat degradation of sputter-deposited Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells and modules: Impact of processing conditions and bias
摘要： We report accelerated heat degradation studies on fully encapsulated Cu(In,Ga)Se2 modules as a function of film growth parameters, in particular back contact selenization (preeSe), as well as the impact of bias (light/voltage) during heat degradation. We show that pre-Se conditions have a profound effect on the heat stability of the device, whereby reduced preeSe, while increasing initial efficiency, results in strong heat degradation, driven by a combination of reduced space-charge region and reduced minority carrier lifetime (as evident from external quantum efficiency measurements) in the light-soaked state and resulting in strong degradation of short-circuit current. This is also accompanied by a stronger increase in the shallow acceptor concentration (as measured by capacitance-voltage profiling) in the degraded state, suggesting that the SeeCu divacancy complex (VSe-VCu) is likely responsible. In this case, appearance of a high concentration of deep acceptor states accompanies increased shallow doping upon light-soaking, with the former reducing bulk lifetime and the latter further affecting electron collection due to narrow depletion width. This result suggests that bulk structural properties of the absorber film are strongly impacted by the back contact selenization conditions, making the film more susceptible to heat degradation. In the second part of this paper we show that electrical or light bias during heat exposure reduces degradation, in particular almost fully eliminating the above short-circuit current loss. This is a surprising result as usually the positive effects of bias are attributed to interfacial changes, while our results demonstrate that bulk properties can be improved as well.
关键词： Absorber,Interface,Defects,Thin film solar cell,Heat degradation,Reliability,Light soaking,Copper indium gallium selenide
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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The investigation of the unseen interrelationship of grain size, ionic defects, device physics and performance of perovskite solar cells
摘要： Controlling the phenomenological morphology effects on the performance of the perovskite solar cell (PSC) is a continuing concern due to its photo-physical complexity and the existing contrary reports. Distinguishing the impact on the performance of the device can be beneficial in optimizing fabrication methods. Here, the transient AC and steady state DC measurements, and morphology characterizations confirm the variation of performance parameters with respect to grain boundaries (GBs) growth. The device physics is uncovered with respect to the grain size (GS) of the perovskite layer employing the theoretical drift-diffusion framework incorporating the electronic and ionic contributions. The increase of open circuit voltage (Voc) for devices with large GS can be associated to the density of defect states. The findings here suggest a more pronounced role of interfaces in efficiency enhancement of the PSCs with the emphasis on the impact of the hole transport layer (HTL)/perovskite layer interface which is also found to be remarkably dependent on the method of fabrication and the associated perovskite conversion mechanism, and not necessarily on GS. The results are expected to deliver important guidelines for the development of more efficient PSCs by further enhancement of the Voc towards its thermodynamic limit of 1.32V, via creating optimal interfaces.
关键词： open circuit voltage,perovskite solar cell (PSC),bulk traps,interface,grain size (GS)
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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[IEEE 2018 International Conference on Numerical Simulation of Optoelectronic Devices (NUSOD) - Hong Kong, China (2018.11.5-2018.11.9)] 2018 International Conference on Numerical Simulation of Optoelectronic Devices (NUSOD) - Perovskite solar cell efficiency improvements: new device simulation
摘要： Trihalide perovskite photovoltaic (PV) solar cells have a promise to be connected into tandems with inorganic PV systems. In this paper we present p-i-n GaAs & PV cells in either in-series way or parallel connection. Comparisons made for two types of tandems by a non-monolithic connection of two experimental sub-cells and results are being discussed based on simulation analysis. It is shown that parallel connection is always more preferable when the subcells photocurrent is not balanced Total efficiency over 20 % is demonstrated for GaAs shadding effect of by MAPbI3 film, with achieved Jsc 41 mA/cm2 and high Voc, cell has better FF.
关键词： simulation,perovskite photovoltaic solar cell,tandem structure
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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[IEEE 2018 IEEE 7th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion (WCPEC) (A Joint Conference of 45th IEEE PVSC, 28th PVSEC & 34th EU PVSEC) - Waikoloa Village, HI (2018.6.10-2018.6.15)] 2018 IEEE 7th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion (WCPEC) (A Joint Conference of 45th IEEE PVSC, 28th PVSEC & 34th EU PVSEC) - Effect of Composition and Microstructure on the Mechanical Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： We report on recent studies characterizing the intrinsic mechanical integrity of perovskite compositions and fully explore the role of various cation combinations, additives, and microstructure on perovskite cohesion. Adding cations to the perovskite decreased mechanical integrity, largely due to smaller grain sizes and increased concentration of PbI2. Microindentation hardness testing was performed to estimate the fracture toughness of single-crystal perovskite, and the results indicated perovskites are inherently fragile, even in the absence of grain boundaries and defects. Introducing plastically deformable cations led to a modest improvement in cohesion, and the most robust architecture was observed by infusing perovskite into a porous TiO2/ZrO2/C layer that provided extrinsic reinforcement to mechanical and environmental stressors.
关键词： fracture,perovskite solar cell,mechanical stability,reliability,module
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Improved Charge Separation and Photovoltaic Performance of BiI <sub/>3</sub> Absorber Layers by Use of an In Situ Formed BiSI Interlayer
摘要： Stable and nontoxic bismuth iodide (BiI3) is emerging as a promising absorber material for solar cell applications as it possesses favorable optical properties such as a narrow bandgap (1.7 eV) and a high absorption coe?cient (105 cm?1) in the visible region. Despite these promising features, solar cells employing this material have only achieved power conversion e?ciencies in the region of 1% as of yet, which is distant from the theoretical e?ciency limit of 28%. It is reasonable to suppose that the relatively low performance of BiI3-based solar cells may originate from very short carrier lifetimes (180?240 ps) in BiI3, which makes e?cient separation of mobile charges a crucial factor for the improvement of the photovoltaic performance of this material. Herein, transient optical spectroscopy is employed to show that the use of a bismuth sul?de iodide interlayer between the electron transport layer (ETL) and the bismuth iodide absorber promotes e?cient charge separation. On the basis of this knowledge, we report BiI3 solar cells with a power conversion e?ciency of 1.21% using a solar cell architecture comprised of ITO/SnO2/BiSI/BiI3/organic HTM/Au.
关键词： solar cell,charge separation,transient absorption spectroscopy,BiSI,BiI3
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04